Downregulation of miR-146a promotes tumorigenesis of cervical cancer stem cells via VEGF/CDC42/PAK1 signaling pathway

References

• Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiffman M, Wentzensen N, Wacholder S, et al. Human papillomavirus testing in the prevention of cervical cancer. JNCI. 2011;103(5):368–383.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kodama J, Seki N, Masahiro S, et al. Prognostic factors in stage IB-IIB cervical adenocarcinoma patients treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. J Surg Oncol. 2010;101(5):413–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, et al. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer. 2019;144(8):1941–1953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnet D, Dick JE. Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nat Med. 1997;3(7):730–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien CA, Pollett A, Gallinger S, et al. A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumour growth in immunodeficient mice. Nature. 2007;445(7123):106–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A, et al. Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100(7):3983–3988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke MF, Dick JE, Dirks PB, et al. Cancer stem cells–perspectives on current status and future directions: AACR workshop on cancer stem cells. Cancer Res. 2006;66(19):9339–9344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park CY, Tseng D, Weissman IL. Cancer stem cell-directed therapies: recent data from the laboratory and clinic. Mol Ther. 2009;17(2):219–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baccelli I, Trumpp A. The evolving concept of cancer and metastasis stem cells. J Cell Biol. 2012;198(3):281–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu R, Wang X, Chen GY, et al. The prognostic role of a gene signature from tumorigenic breast-cancer cells. The. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(3):217–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bortolomai I, Canevari S, Facetti I, et al. Tumor initiating cells: development and critical characterization of a model derived from the A431 carcinoma cell line forming spheres in suspension. Cell Cycle. 2010;9(6):1194–1206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang K, Zeng J, Luo L, et al. Identification of a cancer stem cell-like side population in the HeLa human cervical carcinoma cell line. Oncol Lett. 2013;6(6):1673–1680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu SY, Zheng PS. High aldehyde dehydrogenase activity identifies cancer stem cells in human cervical cancer. Oncotarget. 2013;4(12):2462–2475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engels BM, Hutvagner G. Principles and effects of microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation. Oncogene. 2006;25(46):6163–6169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou X, Yue Y, Wang R, et al. MicroRNA-145 inhibits tumorigenesis and invasion of cervical cancer stem cells. Int J Oncol. 2017;50(3):853–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Li Y, Liu N, et al. MiR-23b controls ALDH1A1 expression in cervical cancer stem cells. BMC Cancer. 2017;17(1):292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jubb AM, Pham TQ, Hanby AM, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha and carbonic anhydrase IX in human tumours. J Clin Pathol. 2004;57(5):504–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao Y, Liu Q. Therapeutic targets of multiple angiogenic factors for the treatment of cancer and metastasis. Adv Cancer Res. 2007;97:203–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Zhang Y, Iwamoto H, et al. Discontinuation of anti-VEGF cancer therapy promotes metastasis through a liver revascularization mechanism. Nat Commun. 2016;7(1):12680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li D, Wei Y, Wang D, et al. MicroRNA-26b suppresses the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting MIEN1 via NF-κB/MMP-9/VEGF pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016;472(3):465–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zu Y, Yang Y, Zhu J, et al. MiR-146a suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating TRAF6. Am J Cancer Res. 2016;6(11):2502–2513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Q, Wang W, Yang X, et al. MicroRNA-146a inhibits cell migration and invasion by targeting RhoA in breast cancer. Oncol Rep. 2016;36(1):189–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu D, Yao Q, Zhan C, et al. MicroRNA-146a promote cell migration and invasion in human colorectal cancer via carboxypeptidase M/src-FAK pathway. Oncotarget. 2017;8(14):22674–22684.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hung PS, Liu CJ, Chou CS, et al. miR-146a enhances the oncogenicity of oral carcinoma by concomitant targeting of the IRAK1, TRAF6 and NUMB genes. PLOS One. 2013;8(11):e79926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lian C, Wu Z, Gao B, et al. Melatonin reversed tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inhibited osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells by stabilizing SMAD1 protein. J Pineal Res. 2016;61(3):317–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulito C, Mori F, Sacconi A, et al. Metformin-induced ablation of microRNA 21-5p releases Sestrin-1 and CAB39L antitumoral activities. Cell Discov. 2017;3(1):17022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Xia P, Feng J, et al. MicroRNA-132 upregulation promotes matrix degradation in intervertebral disc degeneration. Exp Cell Res. 2017;359(1):39–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung P, Sato T, Merlos-Suarez A, et al. Isolation and in vitro expansion of human colonic stem cells. Nat Med. 2011;17(10):1225–1227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu P, Brown S, Goktug T, et al. Cytotoxic effect of disulfiram/copper on human glioblastoma cell lines and ALDH-positive cancer-stem-like cells. Br J Cancer. 2012;107(9):1488–1497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu A, Yu X, Liu S. Pluripotency transcription factors and cancer stem cells: small genes make a big difference. Chin J Cancer. 2013;32(9):483–487.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang Z, Oh E, Clapp DW, et al. Inhibition or ablation of p21-activated kinase (PAK1) disrupts glucose homeostatic mechanisms in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(48):41359–41367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66(1):7–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(2):69–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepherd JH. Cervical cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol.. 2012;26(3):293–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobo NA, Shimono Y, Qian D, et al. The biology of cancer stem cells. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2007;23:675–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalerba P, Cho RW, Clarke MF. Cancer stem cells: models and concepts. Annu Rev Med. 2007;58:267–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chhabra R. Cervical cancer stem cells: opportunities and challenges. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2015;141(11):1889–1897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji J, Zheng PS. Expression of Sox2 in human cervical carcinogenesis. Hum Pathol. 2010;41(10):1438–1447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen G, Umelo IA, Lv S, et al. miR-146a inhibits cell growth, cell migration and induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLOS One. 2013;8(3):e60317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao Q, Cao Z, Tu C, et al. MicroRNA-146a acts as a metastasis suppressor in gastric cancer by targeting WASF2. Cancer Lett. 2013;335(1):219–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Tang S, Le SY, et al. Aberrant expression of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive microRNAs in cervical cancer is required for cancer cell growth. PLOS One. 2008;3(7):e2557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philippidou D, Schmitt M, Moser D, et al. Signatures of microRNAs and selected microRNA target genes in human melanoma. Cancer Res. 2010;70(10):4163–4173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan LA, Brekken RA. The VEGF family in cancer and antibody-based strategies for their inhibition. mAbs. 2010;2(2):165–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature. 2000;407(6801):249–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmeliet P. VEGF as a key mediator of angiogenesis in cancer. Oncology. 2005;69(Suppl 3):4–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrini MC, Camonis J, Matsuda M, et al. Dissecting activation of the PAK1 kinase at protrusions in living cells. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(36):24133–24143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng Z, Liu F, Wang G, et al. miR-133 is a key negative regulator of CDC42-PAK pathway in gastric cancer. Cellular Signal. 2014;26(12):2667–2673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar