An examination of the role of spatial ability in the process of problem solving in chemical engineering

References

• ABET. 2016. “Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs (Effective for Evaluations during the 2017-2018 Accreditation Cycle).” Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Engineering Accreditation Commission. http://www.abet.org/accreditation/accreditation-criteria/criteria-for-accrediting-engineering-programs-2017-2018/
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. D., and R. H. Logie. 1999. “Working Memory: The Multiple-component Model.” In Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control, edited by A. Miyake and P. Shah, 1999-02490-001; 28–61. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139174909.005.
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. D. 2012. “Working Memory: Theories, Models, and Controversies.” Annual Review of Psychology 63 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonen, A. J. H., F. van Wesel, J. Jolles, and M. van der Schoot. 2014. “The Role of Visual Representation Type, Spatial Ability, and Reading Comprehension in Word Problem Solving: An Item-level Analysis in Elementary School Children.” International Journal of Educational Research 68: 15–26. doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2014.08.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, J. B. 1993. Human Cognitive Abilities: A Survey of Factor-analytic Studies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carroll, J. B. 1996. “A Three-stratum Theory of Intelligence: Spearman’s Contribution.” In Human Abilities: Their Nature and Measurement, edited by I. Dennis and P. Tapsfield, 1–17. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en‎&id=JQX-PlF6EgYC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Three-Stratum+Theory+of++intelligence&ots=_pNLaysHXX&sig=fm0uwps6DsjFEyTcAJsDfFPNoPQ
   Google Scholar
• Casey, M. B., E. Pezaris, and R. L. Nuttall. 1992. Spatial ability as a predictor of math achievement: The importance of sex and handedness patterns. Neuropsychologia 30 (1): 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(92)90012-B
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CEEB. 1939. CEEB Special Aptitude Test in Spatial Relations. College Entrance Examination Board.
   Google Scholar
• Clement, J. J. 1982. “Algebra Word Problem Solutions: Thought Processes Underlying a Common Misconception.” Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 13 (1): 16–30. doi:10.2307/748434.
   Google Scholar
• Deno, J. A. 1995. The relationship of previous experiences to spatial visualization ability. Engineering Design Graphics Journal 59 (3): 5–17.
   Google Scholar
• Duffy, G., S. A. Sorby, A. Mack, and B. Bowe 2017, June 26. “Performance by Gender on University Placement Tests in Mathematics and Spatial Skills.” In ASEE Annual Conference 2017. Columbus Ohio. https://peer.asee.org/28737.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Duffy, G., S. A. Sorby, and B. Bowe. 2020. “Spatial Ability Is a Key Cognitive Factor in the Representation of Word Problems in Mathematics among Engineering Students.” Journal of Engineering Education:1–19, DOI: 10.1002/jee.20349
   Google Scholar
• Eliot, L. 2009. Pink brain, blue brain: how small differences grow into troublesome gaps--and what we can do about it. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, p. 420
   Google Scholar
• Farrell, S., A. Behan, G. Duffy, R. Harding, R. Howard, A. Mac Raighne, E. Nevin, and B. Bowe 2015. “A Profile of the Spatial Visualisation Abilities of First Year Engineering and Science Students.” http://arrow.dit.ie/engschcivcon/90/?utm_source=arrow.dit.ie%2Fengschcivcon%2F90&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
   Google Scholar
• Felder, R. M., and R. W. Rousseau. 2000. Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes. 3rd international ed. New York, Chichester: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Ganley, C. M., and M. Vasilyeva. 2011. Sex differences in the relation between math performance, spatial skills, and attitudes. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 32 (4): 235–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiser, C., W. Lehmann, and M. Eid. 2008. A note on sex differences in mental rotation in different age groups. Intelligence 36 (6): 556–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2007.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiser, C., W. Lehmann, and M. Eid. 2006. “Separating “Rotators” from “Nonrotators” in the Mental Rotations Test: A Multigroup Latent Class Analysis.” Multivariate Behavioral Research 41 (3): 261–293. psyh. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr4103_2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guay, R. 1976. Purdue Spatial visualisation Test. West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Purdue University.
   Google Scholar
• Hegarty, M., and M. Kozhevnikov. 1999. “Types of Visual–spatial Representations and Mathematical Problem Solving.” Journal of Educational Psychology 91 (4): 684–689. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.684.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hier, D. B. and W. F. Crowley. Jr. 1982. Spatial ability in androgen-deficient men. New England Journal of Medicine 306: 1202–1205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaacson, W. 2007. Einstein: His Life and Universe. London, UK: Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, W., and T. J. Bouchard Jr. 2005. “The Structure of Human Intelligence: It Is Verbal, Perceptual, and Image Rotation (VPR), Not Fluid and Crystallized.” Intelligence 33 (4): 393–416. psyh. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kali, Y., and N. Orion. 1996. “Spatial Abilities of High-school Students in the Perception of Geologic Structures.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 33 (4): 369–391. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2736(199604)33:4<369::AID-TEA2>3.0.CO;2-Q.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozhevnikov, M., M. Hegarty, and R. Mayer. 2002. “Spatial Abilities in Problem Solving in Kinematics.” In Diagrammatic Representation and Reasoning, edited by M. Anderson, B. Meyer, and P. Olivier, 155–171. London, UK: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0109-3_9.
   Google Scholar
• Kozhevnikov, M., M. A. Motes, and M. Hegarty. 2007. “Spatial visualization in Physics Problem Solving.” Cognitive Science 31 (4): 549–579. a9h. doi:10.1080/15326900701399897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyttälä, M., and J. E. Lehto. 2008. “Some Factors Underlying Mathematical Performance: The Role of Visuospatial Working Memory and Non-verbal Intelligence.” European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE (Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada) 23 (1): 77–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linn, M. C., and A. C. Petersen. 1985. “Emergence and Characterization of Sex Differences in Spatial Ability: A Meta-analysis.” Child Development 56 (6): 1479–1498. doi:10.2307/1130467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohman, D. F. 1996. “Spatial Ability and G.” In Human Abilities: Their Nature and Measurement, edited by I. Dennis and P. Tapsfield, 1996-98789-006; 97–116. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer, R. E. 1992. Thinking, Problem Solving, Cognition. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman.
   Google Scholar
• McGee, M. G. 1979. “Human Spatial Abilities: Psychometric Studies and Environmental, Genetic, Hormonal, and Neurological Influences.” Psychological Bulletin 86 (5): 889–918. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.5.889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mix, K. S., and Y.-L. Cheng. 2012. “Chapter 6 - the Relation between Space and Math: Developmental and Educational Implications.” In Advances in Child Development and Behavior, edited by J. B. Benson, Vol. 42; 197–243. Greenwich, CT: JAI. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394388-0.00006-X.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, W. J., and K. S. McGrew. 2012. “The Cattell-Horn-Carroll Model of Intelligence.” In Contemporary Intellectual Assessment: Theories, Tests, and Issues., edited by D. P. Flanagan and P. L. Harrison, 2012-09043-004; 99–144. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Silverman, I., J. Choi, A. MacKewn, M. Fisher, J. Moro, and E. Olshansky. 2000. Evolved mechanisms underlying wayfinding: Further studies on the hunter-gatherer theory of spatial sex differences. Evolution and Human Behavior 21: 201–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorby, S., C. Leopold, and R. Gorska. 1999. Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Gender Differences in the Spatial Skills of Engineering Students. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 5 (3): 279–291.
   Google Scholar
• Sorby, S. A. 2001. “Improving the Spatial Skills of Engineering Students: Impact on Graphics Performance and Retention.” Engineering Design Graphics Journal 65 (3): 31–36.
   Google Scholar
• Sorby, S. A. 2016. Developing Spatial Thinking. Higher Education Services, Houghton, MI, USA, p. 225
   Google Scholar
• Sorby, S. A., B. Casey, N. Veurink, and A. Dulaney. 2013. “The Role of Spatial Training in Improving Spatial and Calculus Performance in Engineering Students.” Learning and Individual Differences 26: 20–29. a9h. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2013.03.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorby, S. A., N. Veurink, and S. Streiner. 2018. Does Spatial Skills Instruction Improve STEM Outcomes? The Answer is ‘Yes'. Journal of Learning and Individual Differences, 67: 209-222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorby, S. A., and N. L. Veurink. 2012, June. Spatial Skills Among Minority and International Engineering Students. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education, San Antonio, TX.
   Google Scholar
• Tarampi, M. R., N. Heydari, and M. Hegarty. 2016. A Tale of Two Types of Perspective Taking: Sex Differences in Spatial Ability. Psychological Science 27 (11): 1507–1516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616667459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uttal, D. H., and C. A. Cohen. 2012. Spatial Thinking and STEM Education. When, Why, and How? Vol. 57. Scopus. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84860615431&partnerID=40&md5=9e7bafd47ed3bb637fcef4311e09dfd7
   Google Scholar
• Uttal, D. H., N. G. Meadow, E. Tipton, L. L. Hand, A. R. Alden, C. Warren, and N. S. Newcombe. 2013. The malleability of spatial skills: A meta-analysis of training studies. Psychological Bulletin 139 (2): 352–402. doi:10.1037/a0028446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veurink, N. and S. Sorby. 2014. “Development of Spatial Visulization Skills through Engineering Curricula,” Proceedings of the 69th Midyear Conference of the Engineering Design Graphics Division of ASEE, Normal, IL, October 2014
   Google Scholar
• Veurink, N., and S. A. Sorby. 2011. “Raising the Bar? A Longitudinal Study to Determine which Students Would Benefit Most from Spatial Skills Training,” Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education, Vancouver, Canada, June 2011
   Google Scholar
• Voyer, D., S. Voyer, and M. Bryden. 1995. Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin 117(2): 250–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wai, J., D. Lubinski, and C. P. Benbow. 2009. “Spatial Ability for STEM Domains: Aligning over 50 Years of Cumulative Psychological Knowledge Solidifies Its Importance.” Journal of Educational Psychology 101 (4): 817. doi:10.1037/a0016127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, H.-K., and P. Shah. 2004. “Exploring Visuospatial Thinking in Chemistry Learning.” Science Education 88 (3): 465–492. doi:10.1002/sce.10126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, S. Y. 2011. Psychometric Properties of the Revised Purdue Spatial visualization Tests: visualization of Rotations (The Revised PSVT-R). ERIC. http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED534824
   Google Scholar