Antibodies and vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

References

• Kuiken T, Fouchier RA, Schutten M, et al. Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet. 2003 Jul 26;362(9380):263–270. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13967-0. PubMed PMID: 12892955.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong NS, Zheng BJ, Li YM, et al. Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, in February, 2003. Lancet. 2003 Oct 25;362(9393):1353–1358. PubMed PMID: 14585636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamre D, Procknow JJ. A new virus isolated from the human respiratory tract. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1966 Jan;121(1):190–193. PubMed PMID: 4285768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh K, Dees JH, Becker WB, et al. Recovery in tracheal organ cultures of novel viruses from patients with respiratory disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1967 Apr;57(4):933–940. PubMed PMID: 5231356; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC224637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Hoek L, Pyrc K, Jebbink MF, et al. Identification of a new human coronavirus. Nat Med. 2004 Apr;10(4):368–373. doi:10.1038/nm1024. PubMed PMID: 15034574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo PC, Lau SK, Chu CM, et al. Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia. J Virol. 2005 Jan;79(2):884–895. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.2.884-895.2005. PubMed PMID: 15613317; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC538593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003 2004 [cited 2019 Mar 6]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/
   Google Scholar
• Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, et al. Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N Engl J Med. 2012 Nov 8;367(19):1814–1820. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1211721. PubMed PMID: 23075143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) 2018 [cited 2019 Mar 26]. Available from: http://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/
   Google Scholar
• Zumla A, Hui DS, Perlman S. Middle East respiratory syndrome. Lancet. 2015 Sep 5;386(9997):995–1007. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60454-8. PubMed PMID: 26049252; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4721578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019 Mar;17(3):181–192. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9. PubMed PMID: 30531947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo PC, Lau SK, Li KS, et al. Genetic relatedness of the novel human group C betacoronavirus to Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2012 Nov;1(11):e35. doi:10.1038/emi.2012.45. PubMed PMID: 26038405; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3630921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Boheemen S, de Graaf M, Lauber C, et al. Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. mBio. 2012;3(6):e00473–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corman VM, Ithete NL, Richards LR, et al. Rooting the phylogenetic tree of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus by characterization of a conspecific virus from an African Bat. J Virol. 2014;88(19):11297–11303. doi:10.1128/jvi.01498-14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony SJ, Gilardi K, Menachery VD, et al. Further evidence for bats as the evolutionary source of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. mBio. 2017;8(2). doi:10.1128/mBio.00373-17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Qi J, Yuan Y, et al. Bat origins of MERS-CoV supported by bat coronavirus HKU4 usage of human receptor CD26. Cell Host Microbe. 2014;16(3):328–337. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2014.08.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein SA, Weiss SR. Origins and pathogenesis of Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus: recent advances. F1000Res. 2017;6:1628. doi:10.12688/f1000research.11827.1. PubMed PMID: 29026532; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5583735.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric RS, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the coronavirus study group. J Virol. 2013 Jul;87(14):7790–7792. doi:10.1128/JVI.01244-13. PubMed PMID: 23678167; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3700179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian Z, Dominguez SR, Holmes KV. Role of the spike glycoprotein of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in virus entry and syncytia formation. PloS one. 2013;8(10):e76469. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076469. PubMed PMID: 24098509; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc3789674; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher TM, Buchmeier MJ. Coronavirus spike proteins in viral entry and pathogenesis. Virology. 2001 Jan 20;279(2):371–374. doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0757. PubMed PMID: WOS:000166695000001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters PS, Pearlman S, et al. Coronaviridae. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, Cohen JI, editor. Fields virology. Vol. 1. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013. p. 825–858.
   Google Scholar
• Du L, He Y, Zhou Y, et al. The spike protein of SARS-CoV – a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 Mar;7(3):226–236. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2090. PubMed PMID: 19198616; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc2750777; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang N, Shi X, Jiang L, et al. Structure of MERS-CoV spike receptor-binding domain complexed with human receptor DPP4. Cell Res. 2013;23(8):986–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu G, Hu Y, Wang Q, et al. Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26. Nature. 2013: 500(7461):227–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mou H, Raj VS, van Kuppeveld FJM, et al. The receptor binding domain of the New Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Maps to a 231-residue region in the spike protein that efficiently elicits neutralizing antibodies. J Virol. 2013 Aug;87(16):9379–9383. doi:10.1128/jvi.01277-13. PubMed PMID: WOS:000322535600052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J, Lu G, Qi J, et al. Structure of the fusion core and inhibition of fusion by a heptad repeat peptide derived from the S protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Virol. 2013;87(24):13134–13140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raj VS, Mou H, Smits SL, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC. Nature. 2013 Mar 14;495(7440):251–254. doi:10.1038/nature12005. PubMed PMID: WOS:000316652300054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu L, Liu Q, Zhu Y, et al. Structure-based discovery of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor [article]. Nat Commun. 2014 Jan;5:12. doi:10.1038/ncomms4067. PubMed PMID: WOS:000331084200009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Hua C, Xia S, et al. Combining a fusion inhibitory peptide targeting the MERS-CoV S2 protein HR1 domain and a neutralizing antibody specific for the S1 protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) showed potent Synergism against pseudotyped MERS-CoV with or without mutations in RBD. Viruses. 2019 Jan 6;11(1). doi:10.3390/v11010031. PubMed PMID: 30621343; eng.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia S, Yan L, Xu W, et al. A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HR1 domain of human coronavirus spike. Sci Adv. 2019 Apr;5(4):eaav4580. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav4580. PubMed PMID: 30989115; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6457931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gui M, Song W, Zhou H, et al. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein reveal a prerequisite conformational state for receptor binding. Cell Res. 2017 Jan;27(1):119–129. doi:10.1038/cr.2016.152. PubMed PMID: 28008928; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5223232; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchdoerfer RN, Wang N, Pallesen J, et al. Stabilized coronavirus spikes are resistant to conformational changes induced by receptor recognition or proteolysis. Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 24;8(1):15701. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34171-7. PubMed PMID: 30356097; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6200764; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallesen J, Wang N, Corbett KS, et al. Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017 Aug 29;114(35):E7348–E7357. doi:10.1073/pnas.1707304114. PubMed PMID: 28807998; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5584442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan Y, Cao D, Zhang Y, et al. Cryo-EM structures of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV spike glycoproteins reveal the dynamic receptor binding domains. Nat Commun. 2017 Apr 10;8:15092. doi:10.1038/ncomms15092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song W, Gui M, Wang X, et al. Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2. PLoS Pathog. 2018 Aug;14(8):e1007236. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007236. PubMed PMID: 30102747; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6107290; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li F. Receptor recognition mechanisms of coronaviruses: a decade of structural studies. J Virol. 2015 Feb;89(4):1954–1964. doi:10.1128/JVI.02615-14. PubMed PMID: 25428871; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4338876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang L, Wang N, Zuo T, et al. Potent neutralization of MERS-CoV by human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the viral spike glycoprotein. Sci Transl Med. 2014 Apr 30;6(234):234r. a59. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3008140. PubMed PMID: 24778414; eng.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu X, Zhang S, Jiang L, et al. Structural basis for the neutralization of MERS-CoV by a human monoclonal antibody MERS-27. Sci Rep. 2015;5:13133. doi:10.1038/srep13133. PubMed PMID: 26281793; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4539535; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang S, Zhou P, Wang P, et al. Structural definition of a unique neutralization epitope on the receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein. Cell Rep. 2018 Jul 10;24(2):441–452. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang XC, Agnihothram SS, Jiao Y, et al. Identification of human neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and their role in virus adaptive evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014 May 13;111(19):E2018–E2026. doi:10.1073/pnas.1402074111. PubMed PMID: 24778221; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4024880; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson RF, Bagci U, Keith L, et al. 3B11-N, a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV, reduces lung pathology in rhesus monkeys following intratracheal inoculation of MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012. Virology. 2016;490:49–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying T, Du L, Ju TW, et al. Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies. J Virol. 2014 Jul;88(14):7796–7805. doi:10.1128/jvi.00912-14. PubMed PMID: 24789777; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4097770; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying T, Prabakaran P, Du L, et al. Junctional and allele-specific residues are critical for MERS-CoV neutralization by an exceptionally potent germline-like antibody. Nat Commun. 2015 Sep 15;6(1):8223. doi:10.1038/ncomms9223. PubMed PMID: 26370782; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4571279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Ying T, et al. Efficacy of antibody-based therapies against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in common marmosets. Antiviral Res. 2017 Apr 5;143:30–37. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houser KV, Gretebeck L, Ying T, et al. Prophylaxis With a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-specific human monoclonal antibody Protects rabbits from MERS-CoV infection. J Infect Dis. 2016 May 15;213(10):1557–1561. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw080. PubMed PMID: 26941283; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4837915; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal AS, Ying T, Tao X, et al. Passive transfer of A Germline-like neutralizing human monoclonal antibody Protects transgenic mice against lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 19;6:31629. doi:10.1038/srep31629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du L, Zhao G, Yang Y, et al. A conformation-dependent neutralizing monoclonal antibody specifically targeting receptor-binding domain in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein. J Virol. 2014 Jun;88(12):7045–7053. doi:10.1128/jvi.00433-14. PubMed PMID: 24719424; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4054355; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu H, Sun S, Xiao H, et al. Single-dose treatment with a humanized neutralizing antibody affords full protection of a human transgenic mouse model from lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus infection. Antiviral Res. 2016 Jun 14;132:141–148. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.06.003. PubMed PMID: 27312105; Eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Shi W, Joyce MG, et al. Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV. Nat Commun. 2015 Jul;6; doi:10.1038/ncomms8712. PubMed PMID: WOS:000358858500018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Shi W, Chappell JD, et al. Importance of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigenic sites on MERS-CoV spike to avoid neutralization escape. J Virol. 2018 Mar 7. doi:10.1128/JVI.02002-17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascal KE, Coleman CM, Mujica AO, et al. Pre- and postexposure efficacy of fully human antibodies against spike protein in a novel humanized mouse model of MERS-CoV infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015 Jul 14;112(28):8738–8743. doi:10.1073/pnas.1510830112. PubMed PMID: 26124093; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4507189; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Wit E, Feldmann F, Okumura A, et al. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of mAb treatment against MERS-CoV in common marmosets. Antiviral Res. 2018 Aug;156:64–71. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.06.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corti D, Zhao J, Pedotti M, et al. Prophylactic and postexposure efficacy of a potent human monoclonal antibody against MERS coronavirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015 Aug 18;112(33):10473–10478. doi:10.1073/pnas.1510199112. PubMed PMID: 26216974; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4547275; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Wit E, Feldmann F, Horne E, et al. Prophylactic efficacy of a human monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV in the common marmoset. Antiviral Res. 2019 Mar;163:70–74. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.016. PubMed PMID: 30684561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Wan Y, Liu P, et al. A humanized neutralizing antibody against MERS-CoV targeting the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein. Cell Res. 2015 Nov;25(11):1237–1249. doi:10.1038/cr.2015.113. PubMed PMID: 26391698; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4650419; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Bao L, Chen C, et al. Human neutralizing monoclonal antibody inhibition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in the common marmoset. J Infect Dis. 2017 Jun 15;215(12):1807–1815. doi:10.1093/infdis/jix209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Lu S, Jia H, et al. A novel neutralizing monoclonal antibody targeting the N-terminal domain of the MERS-CoV spike protein. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2017 May 24;6(5):e37. doi:10.1038/emi.2017.18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu P, Zhang S, Zhou P, et al. Ultra-potent human neutralizing antibody Repertoires against MERS-CoV from A recovered patient. J Infect Dis. 2018 May 28. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu P, Zhao G, Deng Y, et al. A novel human mAb (MERS-GD27) provides prophylactic and postexposure efficacy in MERS-CoV susceptible mice. Sci China Life Sci. 2018 Oct;61(10):1280–1282. doi:10.1007/s11427-018-9343-8. PubMed PMID: 30091015; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao G, He L, Sun S, et al. A novel nanobody targeting Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) receptor-binding domain has potent cross-neutralizing activity and protective efficacy against MERS-CoV. J Virol. 2018 Sep 15;92(18). doi:10.1128/JVI.00837-18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalin Raj V, Okba NMA, Gutierrez-Alvarez J, et al. Chimeric camel/human heavy-chain antibodies protect against MERS-CoV infection. Sci Adv. 2018 Aug;4(8):eaas9667. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aas9667. PubMed PMID: 30101189; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6082650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal AS, Tao X, Algaissi A, et al. Immunization with inactivated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine leads to lung immunopathology on challenge with live virus. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016 Sep;12(9):2351–2356. doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1177688. PubMed PMID: 27269431; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5027702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng Y, Lan J, Bao L, et al. Enhanced protection in mice induced by immunization with inactivated whole viruses compare to spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2018 Apr 4;7(1):60. doi:10.1038/s41426-018-0056-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Zheng X, Gai W, et al. MERS-CoV virus-like particles produced in insect cells induce specific humoural and cellular imminity in rhesus macaques. Oncotarget. 2017 Feb 21;8(8):12686–12694. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.8475. PubMed PMID: 27050368; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5355045.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Song F, Fux R, Provacia LB, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein delivered by modified Vaccinia virus Ankara efficiently induces virus-neutralizing antibodies. J Virol. 2013 Nov;87(21):11950–11954. doi:10.1128/jvi.01672-13. PubMed PMID: WOS:000325863400060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volz A, Kupke A, Song F, et al. Protective efficacy of recombinant modified Vaccinia virus Ankara delivering Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein. J Virol. 2015 Aug;89(16):8651–8656. doi:10.1128/jvi.00614-15. PubMed PMID: WOS:000358278200047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haagmans BL, van den Brand JM, Raj VS, et al. An orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels. Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):77–81. doi:10.1126/science.aad1283. PubMed PMID: 26678878; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim E, Okada K, Kenniston T, et al. Immunogenicity of an adenoviral-based Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine in BALB/c mice. Vaccine. 2014 Oct 14;32(45):5975–5982. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.058. PubMed PMID: WOS:000343629900014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo X, Deng Y, Chen H, et al. Systemic and mucosal immunity in mice elicited by a single immunization with human adenovirus type 5 or 41 vector-based vaccines carrying the spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Immunology. 2015 Aug;145(4):476–484. doi:10.1111/imm.12462. PubMed PMID: WOS:000357854300003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munster VJ, Wells D, Lambe T, et al. Protective efficacy of a novel simian adenovirus vaccine against lethal MERS-CoV challenge in a transgenic human DPP4 mouse model. NPJ Vaccines. 2017 Oct 16;2:28. doi:10.1038/s41541-017-0029-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alharbi NK, Padron-Regalado E, Thompson CP, et al. Chadox1 and MVA based vaccine candidates against MERS-CoV elicit neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses in mice. Vaccine. 2017 Jun 27;35(30):3780–3788. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashem AM, Algaissi A, Agrawal A, et al. A highly immunogenic, protective and safe adenovirus-based vaccine expressing MERS-CoV S1-CD40L fusion protein in transgenic human DPP4 mouse model. J Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 26. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz137. PubMed PMID: 30911758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia W, Channappanavar R, Zhang C, et al. Single intranasal immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus-based vaccine induces sustained and protective immunity against MERS-CoV infection. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019 May 28;8(1):760–772. doi:10.1080/22221751.2019.1620083. PubMed PMID: 31130102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malczyk AH, Kupke A, Prufer S, et al. A highly Immunogenic and protective Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine based on a recombinant measles virus vaccine platform. J Virol. 2015 Nov;89(22):11654–11667. doi:10.1128/jvi.01815-15. PubMed PMID: 26355094; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4645655; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodmer BS, Fiedler AH, Hanauer JRH, et al. Live-attenuated bivalent measles virus-derived vaccines targeting Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus induce robust and multifunctional T cell responses against both viruses in an appropriate mouse model. Virology. 2018 Jun 11;521:99–107. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.05.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J, Li K, Wohlford-Lenane C, et al. Rapid generation of a mouse model for Middle East respiratory syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014 Apr 1;111(13):4970–4975. doi:10.1073/pnas.1323279111. PubMed PMID: 24599590; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3977243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li K, Wohlford-Lenane C, Perlman S, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Causes multiple Organ Damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human dipeptidyl peptidase 4. J Infect Dis. 2016 Mar 1;213(5):712–722. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv499. PubMed PMID: 26486634; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4747621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu R, Wang J, Shao Y, et al. A recombinant VSV-vectored MERS-CoV vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in rhesus monkeys after single dose immunization. Antiviral Res. 2018 Feb;150:30–38. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.12.007. PubMed PMID: 29246504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirblich C, Coleman CM, Kurup D, et al. One-health: a safe, efficient, dual-use vaccine for humans and animals against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and rabies virus. J Virol. 2017 Jan 15;91(2). doi:10.1128/JVI.02040-16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung S-Y, Kang KW, Lee E-Y, et al. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with adenoviral vector and protein nanoparticles induces both Th1 and Th2 responses against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Vaccine. 2018 May 5;36(24):3468–3476. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthumani K, Falzarano D, Reuschel EL, et al. A synthetic consensus anti-spike protein DNA vaccine induces protective immunity against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med. 2015 Aug 19;7(301):301ra132. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7462. PubMed PMID: 26290414; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4573558; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi H, Zheng X, Wang X, et al. DNA vaccine encoding Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus S1 protein induces protective immune responses in mice. Vaccine. 2017 Apr 11;35(16):2069–2075. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du L, Kou Z, Ma C, et al. A Truncated receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein potently Inhibits MERS-CoV infection and induces strong neutralizing antibody responses: Implication for developing therapeutics and vaccines. PloS one. 2013 Dec 4;8(12). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081587. PubMed PMID: WOS:000327949300098.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma C, Wang L, Tao X, et al. Searching for an ideal vaccine candidate among different MERS coronavirus receptor-binding fragments – the importance of immunofocusing in subunit vaccine design. Vaccine. 2014 Oct 21;32(46):6170–6176. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang N, Channappanavar R, Ma C, et al. Identification of an ideal adjuvant for receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Cell Mol Immunol. 2015 Feb 2. doi:10.1038/cmi.2015.03. PubMed PMID: 25640653; Eng.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang J, Zhang N, Tao X, et al. Optimization of antigen dose for a receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccine against MERS coronavirus. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015 May 4;11(5):1244–1250. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1021527. PubMed PMID: WOS:000355117100035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Tai W, Yang J, et al. Receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV with optimal immunogen dosage and immunization interval protects human transgenic mice from MERS-CoV infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017 Jul 3;13(7):1615–1624. doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1296994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tai W, Zhao G, Sun S, et al. A recombinant receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV in trimeric form protects human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4) transgenic mice from MERS-CoV infection. Virology. 2016 Oct 15;499:375–382. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma C, Li Y, Wang L, et al. Intranasal vaccination with recombinant receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein induces much stronger local mucosal immune responses than subcutaneous immunization: Implication for designing novel mucosal MERS vaccines. Vaccine. 2014 Apr 11;32(18):2100–2108. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.004. PubMed PMID: WOS:000334980800014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan J, Deng Y, Chen H, et al. Tailoring subunit vaccine immunity with adjuvant combinations and delivery routes using the Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) receptor-binding domain as an antigen. PloS one. 2014;9(11):e112602. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112602. PubMed PMID: 25405618; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4236105; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan J, Yao Y, Deng Y, et al. Recombinant receptor binding domain protein induces Partial protective Immunity in rhesus macaques against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge. EBioMed. 2015 Oct;2(10):1438–1446. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.08.031. PubMed PMID: 26629538; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4634622; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan J, Yao Y, Deng Y, et al. The recombinant N-terminal domain of spike proteins is a potential vaccine against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Vaccine. 2017 Jan 3;35(1):10–18. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.064. PubMed PMID: 27899228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman CM, Liu YV, Mu H, et al. Purified coronavirus spike protein nanoparticles induce coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in mice. Vaccine. 2014 May 30;32(26):3169–3174. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.016. PubMed PMID: WOS:000336872500009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman CM, Venkataraman T, Liu YV, et al. MERS-CoV spike nanoparticles protect mice from MERS-CoV infection. Vaccine. 2017 Mar 14;35(12):1586–1589. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoy K, Tatsis N, Korioth-Schmitz B, et al. Effect of preexisting immunity to adenovirus human serotype 5 antigens on the immune responses of nonhuman primates to vaccine regimens based on human- or chimpanzee-derived adenovirus vectors. J Virol. 2007 Jun;81(12):6594–6604. doi:10.1128/JVI.02497-06. PubMed PMID: 17428852; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1900096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mast TC, Kierstead L, Gupta SB, et al. International epidemiology of human pre-existing adenovirus (Ad) type-5, type-6, type-26 and type-36 neutralizing antibodies: correlates of high Ad5 titers and implications for potential HIV vaccine trials. Vaccine. 2010 Jan 22;28(4):950–957. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.145. PubMed PMID: 19925902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farina SF, Gao GP, Xiang ZQ, et al. Replication-defective vector based on a chimpanzee adenovirus. J Virol. 2001 Dec;75(23):11603–11613. doi:10.1128/JVI.75.23.11603-11613.2001. PubMed PMID: 11689642; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC114747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar