Insights into the mechanism regulating the differential expression of the P28-OMP outer membrane proteins in obligatory intracellular pathogen Ehrlichia chaffeensis

References

• Rikihisa Y. Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis: subversive manipulators of host cells. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010;8(5):328–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paddock CD, Childs JE. Ehrlichia chaffeensis: a prototypical emerging pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16(1):37–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. Nationally notifiable infectious diseases and conditions. United States: Annual Tables; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Cotter PA, DiRita VJ. Bacterial virulence gene regulation: an evolutionary perspective. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2000;54:519–565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arunima A, Swain SK, Ray S, et al. RpoS-regulated SEN1538 gene promotes resistance to stress and influences Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis virulence. Virulence. 2020;11(1):295–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwan TG, Piesman J, Golde WT, et al. Induction of an outer surface protein on Borrelia burgdorferi during tick feeding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92(7):2909–2913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal U, de Silva AM, Montgomery RR, et al. Attachment of Borrelia burgdorferi within Ixodes scapularis mediated by outer surface protein A. J Clin Invest. 2000;106(4):561–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimm D, Tilly K, Byram R, et al. Outer-surface protein C of the Lyme disease spirochete: a protein induced in ticks for infection of mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101(9):3142–3147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singu V, Peddireddi L, Sirigireddy KR, et al. Unique macrophage and tick cell-specific protein expression from the p28/p30-outer membrane protein multigene locus in Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia canis. Cell Microbiol. 2006;8(9):1475–1487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peddireddi L, Cheng C, Ganta RR. Promoter analysis of macrophage- and tick cell-specific differentially expressed Ehrlichia chaffeensis p28-Omp genes. BMC Microbiol. 2009;9:99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singu V, Liu H, Cheng C, et al. Ehrlichia chaffeensis expresses macrophage- and tick cell-specific 28-kilodalton outer membrane proteins. Infect Immun. 2005;73(1):79–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganta RR, Cheng C, Miller EC, et al. Differential clearance and immune responses to tick cell-derived versus macrophage culture-derived Ehrlichia chaffeensis in mice. Infect Immun. 2007;75(1):135–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumagai Y, Huang H, Rikihisa Y. Expression and porin activity of P28 and OMP-1F during intracellular Ehrlichia chaffeensis development. J Bacteriol. 2008;190(10):3597–3605.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rikihisa Y. Molecular pathogenesis of Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2015;69:283–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faburay B, Liu H, Peddireddi L, et al. Isolation and characterization of Ehrlichia chaffeensis RNA polymerase and its use in evaluating p28 outer membrane protein gene promoters. BMC Microbiol. 2011;11:83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moumène A, Gonzalez-Rizzo S, Lefrançois T, et al. Iron starvation conditions upregulate Ehrlichia ruminantium type IV secretion system, tr1 transcription factor and map1 genes family through the master regulatory protein ErxR. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;7:535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Cheng Z, Zhang C, et al. Anaplasma phagocytophilum p44 mRNA expression is differentially regulated in mammalian and tick host cells: involvement of the DNA binding protein ApxR. J Bacteriol. 2007;189(23):8651–8659.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng Z, Wang X, Rikihisa Y. Regulation of type IV secretion apparatus genes during Ehrlichia chaffeensis intracellular development by a previously unidentified protein. J Bacteriol. 2008;190(6):2096–2105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin Q, Rikihisa Y, Ohashi N, et al. Mechanisms of variable p44 expression by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Infect Immun. 2003;71(10):5650–5661.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin Q, Rikihisa Y, Felek S, et al. Anaplasma phagocytophilum has a functional msp2 gene that is distinct from p44. Infect Immun. 2004;72(7):3883–3889.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Kikuchi T, Rikihisa Y. Proteomic identification of a novel Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA binding protein that regulates a putative transcription factor. J Bacteriol. 2007;189(13):4880–4886.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng Z, Kumagai Y, Lin M, et al. Intra-leukocyte expression of two-component systems in Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum and effects of the histidine kinase inhibitor closantel. Cell Microbiol. 2006;8(8):1241–1252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng R, Feng X, Wei X, et al. PutA is required for virulence and regulated by PruR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unver A, Rikihisa Y, Stich RW, et al. The omp-1 major outer membrane multigene family of Ehrlichia chaffeensis is differentially expressed in canine and tick hosts. Infect Immun. 2002;70(8):4701–4704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unver A, Ohashi N, Tajima T, et al. Transcriptional analysis of p30 major outer membrane multigene family of Ehrlichia canis in dogs, ticks, and cell culture at different temperatures. Infect Immun. 2001;69(10):6172–6178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn TM, Hahn S, Ogden S, et al. An operator at -280 base pairs that is required for repression of araBAD operon promoter: addition of DNA helical turns between the operator and promoter cyclically hinders repression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1984;81(16):5017–5020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hervás AB, Canosa I, Santero E. Regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase expression in Pseudomonas putida results from its direct repression by NtrC under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Mol Microbiol. 2010;78(2):305–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Von Ohlen T, Cheng C, et al. Transcription of Ehrlichia chaffeensis genes is accomplished by RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing either sigma 32 or sigma 70. PloS One. 2013;8(11):e81780.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Jakkula L, Von Ohlen T, et al. Sequence determinants spanning -35 motif and AT-rich spacer region impacting Ehrlichia chaffeensis Sigma 70-dependent promoter activity of two differentially expressed p28 outer membrane protein genes. DNA Res. 2016;23(5):495–505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng Z, Lin M, Rikihisa Y. Ehrlichia chaffeensis proliferation begins with NtrY/NtrX and PutA/GlnA upregulation and CtrA degradation induced by proline and glutamine uptake. mBio. 2014;5(6):e02141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng Z, Miura K, Popov VL, et al. Insights into the CtrA regulon in development of stress resistance in obligatory intracellular pathogen Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Mol Microbiol. 2011;82(5):1217–1234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar