High dose of vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Ebola virus vaccine causes vesicular disease in swine without horizontal transmission

References

• Rojas M, Monsalve DM, Pacheco Y, et al. Ebola virus disease: An emerging and re-emerging viral threat. J Autoimmun. 2020 Jan;106:102375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emanuel J, Marzi A, Feldmann H. Filoviruses: ecology, molecular biology, and evolution. Adv Virus Res. 2018;100:189–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bausch DG. West Africa 2013 Ebola: from virus outbreak to humanitarian crisis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2017;411:63–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgs ES, Dubey SA, Coller BAG, et al. Accelerating vaccine development during the 2013–2016 West African Ebola virus disease outbreak. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2017;411:229–261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regules JA, Beigel JH, Paolino KM, et al. A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus Ebola vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jan 26;376(4):330–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halperin SA, Arribas JR, Rupp R, et al. Six-month safety data of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-Zaire Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein vaccine in a phase 3 double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study in healthy adults. J Infect Dis. 2017 Jun 15;215(12):1789–1798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mire CE, Geisbert TW, Feldmann H, et al. Ebola virus vaccines – reality or fiction? Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016 Nov;15(11):1421–1430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monath TP, Fast PE, Modjarrad K, et al. rVSVDeltaG-ZEBOV-GP (also designated V920) recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with Ebola Zaire glycoprotein: standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment. Vaccine. 2019 Apr 11;1:100009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suder E, Furuyama W, Feldmann H, et al. The vesicular stomatitis virus-based Ebola virus vaccine: from concept to clinical trials. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(9):2107–2113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henao-Restrepo AM, Camacho A, Longini IM, et al. Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ca Suffit!). Lancet. 2017 Feb 4;389(10068):505–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy SB, Bolay F, Kieh M, et al. Phase 2 placebo-controlled trial of two vaccines to prevent Ebola in Liberia. N Engl J Med. 2017 Oct 12;377(15):1438–1447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preliminary results on the efficacy of rVSV-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine using the ring vaccination strategy in the control of an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: an example of integration research into epidemic response. World Health Organization; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Aruna A, Mbala P, Minikulu L, et al. Ebola virus disease outbreak – Democratic Republic of the Congo, August 2018–November 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Dec 20;68(50):1162–1165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matz KM, Marzi A, Feldmann H. Ebola vaccine trials: progress in vaccine safety and immunogenicity. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019 Dec;18(12):1229–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbutt M, Liebscher R, Wahl-Jensen V, et al. Properties of replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing glycoproteins of filoviruses and arenaviruses. J Virol. 2004 May;78(10):5458–5465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geisbert TW, Feldmann H. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines against Ebola and Marburg virus infections. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;204(Suppl. 3):S1075–S1081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebola Virus Disease. Democratic Republic of the Congo. External situation report 98. World Health Organization; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Marzi A, Engelmann F, Feldmann F, et al. Antibodies are necessary for rVSV/ZEBOV-GP-mediated protection against lethal Ebola virus challenge in nonhuman primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jan 29;110(5):1893–1898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnandji ST, Fernandes JF, Bache EB, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of rVSVDeltaG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine in adults and children in Lambarene, Gabon: a phase I randomised trial. PLoS Med. 2017 Oct;14(10):e1002402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heppner DG J, Kemp TL, Martin BK, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the rVSVG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola virus vaccine candidate in healthy adults: a phase 1b randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Aug;17(8):854–866.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huttner A, Dayer JA, Yerly S, et al. The effect of dose on the safety and immunogenicity of the VSV Ebola candidate vaccine: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Oct;15(10):1156–1166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryder AB, Buonocore L, Vogel L, et al. A viable recombinant rhabdovirus lacking its glycoprotein gene and expressing influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase is a potent influenza vaccine. J Virol. 2015 Mar;89(5):2820–2830.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurup D, Wirblich C, Feldmann H, et al. Rhabdovirus-based vaccine platforms against henipaviruses. J Virol. 2015 Jan;89(1):144–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chattopadhyay A, Aguilar PV, Bopp NE, et al. A recombinant virus vaccine that protects against both Chikungunya and Zika virus infections. Vaccine. 2018 Jun 22;36(27):3894–3900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geisbert TW, Jones S, Fritz EA, et al. Development of a new vaccine for the prevention of Lassa fever. PLoS Med. 2005 Jun;2(6):e183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letchworth GJ, Rodriguez LL, Del cbarrera J. Vesicular stomatitis. Vet J. 1999 May;157(3):239–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields BN K, Howley DM, Griffin PM, et al. Field’s virology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Morozov I, Davis AS, Ellsworth S, et al. Comparative evaluation of pathogenicity of three isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) in pigs. J Gen Virol. 2019 Nov;100(11):1478–1490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez LL. Emergence and re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the United States. Virus Res. 2002 May 10;85(2):211–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Service USDoAAaPHI. 2020 vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) situation report – September 17, 2020. 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez LL, Bunch TA, Fraire M, et al. Re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the western United States is associated with distinct viral genetic lineages. Virology. 2000 May 25;271(1):171–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stallknecht DE, Greer JB, Murphy MD, et al. Effect of strain and serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus on viral shedding, vesicular lesion development, and contact transmission in pigs. Am J Vet Res. 2004 Sep;65(9):1233–1239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stallknecht DE, Perzak DE, Bauer LD, et al. Contact transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey in pigs. Am J Vet Res. 2001 Apr;62(4):516–520.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howerth EW, Stallknecht DE, Dorminy M, et al. Experimental vesicular stomatitis in swine: effects of route of inoculation and steroid treatment. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1997 Apr;9(2):136–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson KM, Vogel JE, Peralta PH. Clinical and serological response to laboratory-acquired human infection by Indiana type vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1966 Mar;15(2):244–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields BN, Hawkins K. Human infection with the virus of vesicular stomatitis during an epizootic. N Engl J Med. 1967 Nov 9;277(19):989–994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reif JS, Webb PA, Monath TP, et al. Epizootic vesicular stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: infection in occupational risk groups. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1987 Jan;36(1):177–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesh RB, Peralta PH, Johnson KM. Ecologic studies of vesicular stomatitis virus. I. Prevalence of infection among animals and humans living in an area of endemic VSV activity. Am J Epidemiol. 1969 Sep;90(3):255–261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez I, Rodriguez LL, Jimenez C, et al. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is a determinant of pathogenesis in swine, a natural host. J Virol. 2003 Jul;77(14):8039–8047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nfon CK, Leung A, Smith G, et al. Immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory disease in Zaire ebolavirus-infected pigs. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61904.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobinger GP, Leung A, Neufeld J, et al. Replication, pathogenicity, shedding, and transmission of Zaire ebolavirus in pigs. J Infect Dis. 2011 Jul 15;204(2):200–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrette RW, Metwally SA, Rowland JM, et al. Discovery of swine as a host for the Reston ebolavirus. Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):204–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer K, Camara A, Troupin C, et al. Serological evidence of exposure to Ebola viruses in domestic pigs from Guinea. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2020 Mar;67(2):724–732.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke DK, Hendry RM, Singh V, et al. Live virus vaccines based on a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) backbone: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment. Vaccine. 2016 Dec 12;34(51):6597–6609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hierholzer JC, Killington RA. Virus isolation and quantitation. In: Mahy BWJ, Kangro HO, editor. Virology methods manual. London: Academic Press; 1996. p. 25–46.
   Google Scholar
• Gunther S, Feldmann H, Geisbert TW, et al. Management of accidental exposure to Ebola virus in the biosafety level 4 laboratory, Hamburg, Germany. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;204(Suppl. 3):S785–S790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mire CE, Miller AD, Carville A, et al. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine vectors expressing filovirus glycoproteins lack neurovirulence in nonhuman primates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(3):e1567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones SM, Feldmann H, Stroher U, et al. Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses. Nat Med. 2005 Jul;11(7):786–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnandji ST, Huttner A, Zinser ME, et al. Phase 1 trials of rVSV Ebola vaccine in Africa and Europe. N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 28;374(17):1647–1660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Wit E, Marzi A, Bushmaker T, et al. Safety of recombinant VSV-Ebola virus vaccine vector in pigs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Apr;21(4):702–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergren NA, Miller MR, Monath TP, et al. Assessment of the ability of V920 recombinant vesicular stomatitis-Zaire Ebola virus vaccine to replicate in relevant arthropod cell cultures and vector species. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Apr 3;14(4):994–1002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldmann H, Volchkov VE, Volchkova VA, et al. The glycoproteins of Marburg and Ebola virus and their potential roles in pathogenesis. Arch Virol Suppl. 1999;15:159–169.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takada A, Robison C, Goto H, et al. A system for functional analysis of Ebola virus glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 23;94(26):14764–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takada A. Filovirus tropism: cellular molecules for viral entry. Front Microbiol. 2012;3:34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastie E, Cataldi M, Marriott I, et al. Understanding and altering cell tropism of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virus Res. 2013 Sep;176(1-2):16–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito H, Watanabe S, Takada A, et al. Ebola virus glycoprotein: proteolytic processing, acylation, cell tropism, and detection of neutralizing antibodies. J Virol. 2001 Feb;75(3):1576–1580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis JL, Mead D, Rodriguez LL, et al. Transmission and pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis viruses. Braz J Vet Pathol. 2009;2(1):49–58.
   Google Scholar
• Tell JG, Coller BG, Dubey SA, et al. Environmental risk assessment for rVSVDeltaG-ZEBOV-GP, a genetically modified live vaccine for Ebola virus disease. Vaccines. 2020 Dec 19;8:4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozo-Lopez P, Drolet BS, Londono-Renteria B. Vesicular stomatitis virus transmission: a comparison of incriminated vectors. Insects. 2018 Dec 11;9:4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith PF, Howerth EW, Carter D, et al. Host predilection and transmissibility of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus strains in domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and swine (Sus scrofa). BMC Vet Res. 2012 Oct 3;8:183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar