Sequence type 8 as an emerging clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing bloodstream infections in Taiwan

References

• CDC. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, et al. Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Mar;18(3):318–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai CC, Lin SH, Sheng WH, et al. Decrease in the incidence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial bloodstream infections in Taiwan. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2013 Jun;41(6):591–592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• See I, Mu Y, Albrecht V, et al. Trends in incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections differ by strain type and healthcare exposure, United States, 2005–2013. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 1;70(1):19–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakhundi S, Zhang K. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: molecular characterization, evolution, and epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018 Oct;31(4):e00020–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner NA, Sharma-Kuinkel BK, Maskarinec SA, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview of basic and clinical research. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019 Apr;17(4):203–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDougal LK, Steward CD, Killgore GE, et al. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the United States: establishing a national database. J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Nov;41(11):5113–5120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David MZ, Taylor A, Lynfield R, et al. Comparing pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with multilocus sequence typing, spa typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and PCR for panton-valentine leukocidin, arcA, and opp3 in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates at a U.S. medical center. J Clin Microbiol. 2013 Mar;51(3):814–819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung J, Song EH, Park SY, et al. Emergence of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive ST8-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (USA300 clone) in Korea causing healthcare-associated and hospital-acquired bacteraemia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016 Aug;35(8):1323–1329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takadama S, Nakaminami H, Sato A, et al. Dissemination of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone in multiple hospitals in Tokyo, Japan. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018 Nov;24(11):1211 e1–1211 e7.
   Google Scholar
• Wang JT, Hsu LY, Lauderdale TL, et al. Comparison of outcomes among adult patients with nosocomial bacteremia caused by methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0144710.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsao FY, Kou HW, Huang YC. Dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 45 among nursing home residents and staff in Taiwan. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015 May;21(5):451–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu CY, Lai CC, Chiang HT, et al. Predominance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the residents and environments of long-term care facilities in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2019 Feb;52(1):62–74.
   Google Scholar
• Huang YC, Chen CJ, Kuo CC, et al. Emergence, transmission and phylogeny of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 8 (USA300) in Taiwan. J Hosp Infect. 2018 Nov;100(3):355–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng KT, Huang TY, Chiang YC, et al. Comparison of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cellulitis and from osteomyelitis in a Taiwan hospital, 2016–2018. J Clin Med. 2019 Jun 7;8(6):816.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JL, Wang JT, Chen SY, et al. Distribution of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types and correlation with comorbidity and infection type in patients with MRSA bacteremia. PLoS One. 2010 Mar 5;5(3):e9489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control. 2008 Jun;36(5):309–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 29th ed. CLSI supplement M100S. Wayne (PA): Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Enright MC, Day NP, Davies CE, et al. Multilocus sequence typing for characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible clones of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Mar;38(3):1008–1015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang K, McClure JA, Elsayed S, et al. Novel multiplex PCR assay for characterization and concomitant subtyping of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types I to V in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Oct;43(10):5026–5033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlon NR, Qi R, Sharma-Kuinkel BK, et al. Clinical MRSA isolates from skin and soft tissue infections show increased in vitro production of phenol soluble modulins. J Infect. 2015 Oct;71(4):447–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YS, Lai LC, Chen YA, et al. Colonization With multidrug-resistant organisms Among healthy adults in the community setting: prevalence, risk factors, and composition of Gut microbiome. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:1402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Planet PJ. Life after USA300: The rise and fall of a superbug. J Infect Dis. 2017 Feb 15;215(suppl_1):S71–S77.
   Google Scholar
• Chen CJ, Unger C, Hoffmann W, et al. Characterization and comparison of 2 distinct epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones of ST59 lineage. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e63210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo SC, Shih SM, Hsieh LY, et al. Antibiotic restriction policy paradoxically increased private drug consumptions outside Taiwan’s National health insurance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017 May 1;72(5):1544–1545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read TD, Petit RA, 3rd, Yin Z, et al. USA300 Staphylococcus aureus persists on multiple body sites following an infection. BMC Microbiol. 2018 Dec 5;18(1):206.
   Google Scholar
• Toleman MS, Reuter S, Coll F, et al. Systematic surveillance detects multiple silent introductions and household transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 in the east of England. J Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 1;214(3):447–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen PY, Chuang YC, Wang JT, et al. Impact of prior healthcare-associated exposure on clinical and molecular characterization of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: results from a retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Feb;94(5):e474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YJ, Chen PA, Chen CJ, et al. Molecular characteristics and clinical features of pediatric methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infection in a medical center in northern Taiwan. BMC Infect Dis. 2019 May 10;19(1):402.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li M, Diep BA, Villaruz AE, et al. Evolution of virulence in epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 7;106(14):5883–5888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seybold U, Kourbatova EV, Johnson JG, et al. Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 genotype as a major cause of health care-associated blood stream infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Mar 1;42(5):647–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simor AE, Pelude L, Golding G, et al. Determinants of outcome in hospitalized patients With methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: results from national surveillance in Canada, 2008–2012. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2016 Apr;37(4):390–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kempker RR, Farley MM, Ladson JL, et al. Association of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300 genotype with mortality in MRSA bacteremia. J Infect. 2010 Nov;61(5):372–381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Hal SJ, Lodise TP, Paterson DL. The clinical significance of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration in Staphylococcus aureus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Mar;54(6):755–771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauderdale TL. Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR): Gram-positive bacteria. 2019 Microbial Infectious Reference Laboratory (MIRL) Symposium-Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitals and Community. Octobor 18, 2019. Taipei.
   Google Scholar