1,960
Views
25
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Emerging and Re-Emerging Coronaviruses

Immune evasion and membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2 XBB subvariants EG.5.1 and XBB.2.3

, , , , , , , , , & show all
Article: 2270069 | Received 05 Sep 2023, Accepted 05 Oct 2023, Published online: 26 Oct 2023

References

  • Wang Q, Guo Y, Iketani S, et al. Antibody evasion by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5. Nature. 2022;608:603–608. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05053-w
  • Planas D, Saunders N, Maes P, et al. Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization. Nature. 2022;602:671–675. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04389-z
  • Miller J, Hachmann NP, Collier AY, et al. Substantial neutralization escape by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BQ.1.1 and XBB.1. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:662–664. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2214314
  • Hachmann NP, Miller J, Collier AY, et al. Neutralization escape by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:86–88. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2206576
  • Faraone JN, Qu P, Evans JP, et al. Neutralization escape of Omicron XBB, BR.2, and BA.2.3.20 subvariants. Cell Reps Med. 2023;4:101049.
  • Evans JP, Zeng C, Qu P, et al. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2. Cell Host Microbe. 2022;30:1093–1102.e1093. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.04.014
  • Qu P, Faraone JN, Evans JP, et al. Enhanced evasion of neutralizing antibody response by Omicron XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 variants. Cell Rep. 2023;42:112443.
  • Cao Y, Yisimayi A, Jian F, et al. BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 escape antibodies elicited by Omicron infection. Nature. 2022;608:593–602. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04980-y
  • Zou J, Kurhade C, Patel S, et al. Neutralization of BA.4-BA.5, BA.4.6, BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 with bivalent vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:854–857. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2214916
  • Zhang X, Chen LL, Ip JD, et al. Omicron sublineage recombinant XBB evades neutralising antibodies in recipients of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines. Lancet Microbe. 2022. doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00335-4
  • Yue C, Song W, Wang L, et al. Enhanced transmissibility of XBB.1.5 is contributed by both strong ACE2 binding and antibody evasion. bioRxiv, 2023, 2023.2001.2003.522427. doi:10.1101/2023.01.03.522427.
  • Yamasoba D, Uriu K, Plianchaisuk A, et al. Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.16 variant. bioRxiv, 2023, 2023.2004.2006.535883. doi:10.1101/2023.04.06.535883.
  • Wang Q, Iketani S, Li Z, et al. Alarming antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants. Cell. 2023;186:279–286.e278. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.018
  • Uraki R, Ito M, Furusawa Y, et al. Humoral immune evasion of the omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23:30–32. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00816-7
  • Tamura T, Ito J, Uriu K, et al. Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB variant derived from recombination of two omicron subvariants. Nat Commun. 2023;14:2800. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38435-3
  • Kurhade C, Zou J, Xia H, et al. Low neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 by parental mRNA vaccine or a BA.5 bivalent booster. Nat Med. 2022. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02162-x
  • He Q, Wu L, Xu Z, et al. An updated atlas of antibody evasion by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants including BQ.1.1 and XBB. Cell Rep Med. 2023;4:100991. doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100991
  • Davis-Gardner ME, Lai L, Wali B, et al. Neutralization against BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB from mRNA bivalent booster. N Engl J Med. 2022;388:183–185. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2214293
  • Recommendation for the 2023-2024 Formula of COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. (2023).
  • Yisimayi A, Song W, Wang J, et al. Repeated Omicron infection alleviates SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting. bioRxiv, 2023, 2023.2005.2001.538516. doi:10.1101/2023.05.01.538516.
  • Wang Q, Guo Y, Tam AR, et al. Deep immunological imprinting due to the ancestral spike in the current bivalent COVID-19 vaccine. bioRxiv, 2023, 2023.2005.2003.539268. doi:10.1101/2023.05.03.539268.
  • Cao Y, Jian F, Wang J, et al. Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution. Nature. 2022. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05644-7
  • CDC COVID Data Tracker: Variant Proportions. 2023.
  • EG.5 Initial Risk Evaluation, 9 August 2023. 2023.
  • NextStrain. 2023.
  • Qu P, Faraone JN, Evans JP, et al. Durability of booster mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 subvariants. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1329–1331. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2210546
  • Qu P, Evans JP, Faraone JN, et al. Enhanced neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2. Cell Host Microbe. 2023;31:9–17.e13. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.11.012
  • Zeng C, Evans JP, Pearson R, et al. Neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike in COVID-19 patients, health care workers, and convalescent plasma donors. JCI Insight. 2020;5; doi:10.1172/jci.insight.143213
  • San Filippo S, Crovetto B, Bucek J, et al. Comparative efficacy of early COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapies: a retrospective analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9:ofac080. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac080
  • Zeng, C., Evans, J.P., Qu, P., et al. Neutralization and stability of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. bioRxiv. 2021. doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.472934.
  • Qu, P., Faraone, J.N., Evans, J.P., et al. Differential Evasion of Delta and Omicron Immunity and Enhanced Fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 Subvariants. bioRxiv, 2022, 2022.2005.2016.492158. doi:10.1101/2022.05.16.492158.
  • Smith DJ, Lapedes AS, de Jong JC, et al. Mapping the antigenic and genetic evolution of influenza virus. Science. 2004;305:371–376. doi:10.1126/science.1097211
  • Kaku, Y., Kosugi, Y., Uriu, K., et al. Antiviral efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB breakthrough infection sera against Omicron subvariants including EG.5. bioRxiv, 2023, 2023.2008.2008.552415. doi:10.1101/2023.08.08.552415.
  • Wang, Q., Guo, Y., Zhang, R.M., et al. Antibody neutralization of emerging SARS-CoV-2: EG.5.1 and XBC.1.6. bioRxiv, 2023, 2023.2008.2021.553968. doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.553968.
  • Cao, Y.R. Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 XBB lineages on receptor-binding domain 455-456 enhances antibody evasion and ACE2 binding. bioRxiv, 2023, 2023.08.30.555211.
  • Wang, Q., Bowen, A., Ho, J., et al. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies following a second BA.5 bivalent booster. bioRxiv, 2023, 2023.2008.2013.553148. doi:10.1101/2023.08.13.553148.
  • Chen C, Nadeau S, Yared M, et al. CoV-Spectrum: analysis of globally shared SARS-CoV-2 data to identify and characterize new variants. Bioinformatics. 2021;38:1735–1737. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab856
  • Fujita S, Uriu K, Pan L, et al. Impact of imprinted immunity induced by mRNA vaccination in an experimental animal model. J Infect Dis. 2023. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad230
  • Pfizer and BioNTech submit applications to U.S. FDA for Omicron XBB.1.5-Adapted Monovalent COVID-19 Vaccine. 2023.
  • Moderna files for fda authorization of its updated COVID-19 Vaccine. 2023.
  • Will New COVID Vaccines Work Against EG.5? 2023.
  • Imai M, Ito M, Kiso M, et al. Efficacy of antiviral agents against Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:89–91. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2214302