Toxicity and Psychotropic Activity of Essential Oils of Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula officinalis from Morocco

References

• Akhondzadeh , S. 2007 . Herbal Medicine in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders . Low-cost Approaches , 2 : 119 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Alaoui , K. , Belabbes , M. , Cherrah , Y. , Hassar , M. , Mcharrout , Z. , Amarouch , H. and Roguebert , J. 1998 . Acute and chronic toxicity of saponine from Argania spinosa . Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises , 65 : 213 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Al-sereitia , M.R. , Abu-Amerb , K.M. and Sera , P. 1999 . Pharmacology of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and its therapeutic potentials . Indian J. Experimental Biology , 37 : 124 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• Bellakhdar J. (1997). La pharmacopée Marocaine traditionnelle. pp. 350–351
   Google Scholar
• Bellakhdar , J. , Claisse , R. , Flairention , J. and Younos , C. 1991 . Repertory of standard herbal drugs in the Moroccan pharmacopoeia . J. Ethnopharmacology , 35 : 123 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boniface , N. , Boniface , B. , Cazix , T.C.M. and Cazix , M.L. 1972 . Calcul sur ordinateur de la dose efficace par ma méthode du probit. Application au calcul d’une dose léthale 50 . Bull. Soc. Pharm. Lille , 4 : 187 – 189 .
   Google Scholar
• Buchbauer , G. , Jirovetz , L. , Jager , W. , Dietrich , H. , Planc , C. and Karamat , E. 1991 . Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of essential oil of lavender after in halation . Z. Nalurfordh , 46 : 1067 – 1072 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchbauer , G. , Jirovetz , L. , Jager , W. , Planks , C. and Bietrich , H. 1993 . Fragrance compounds and essential oils with sedative effects upon inhalation . J. Pharmaceutical Sciences , 82 : 660 – 664 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , G. , Koster , A.G. and Person , D.W. 1997 . Exploratory behaviour in chronic disulfotan poisoning in mice . Psychopharmacology , 20 : 169 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courvoisier , S. , Ducrot , R. and Julou , L. 1957 . Psychotropic drugs , Edited by: Garattini , S. and Ghetti , V. 373 – 379 . Elsevier Amsterdam .
   Google Scholar
• Dafrerera , D.J. , Zeugmas , B.N. and Polissiou , M.G. 2000 . GC-MS analysis of essential oils from some Greek aromatic plants and their fungi toxicity of penicillin digitatum . J. Agricultural Food Chemistry , 48 : 2576 – 2581 .
   Google Scholar
• El-Hilaly , E.J. , Israili , Z.H. and Lyoussi , B. 2004 . Acute and chronic toxicological studies of Ajual Iva in experimental animal . J. Ethnopharmacology , 91 : 43 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• El-Hilaly , J. , Hmamouchi , M. and Lyoussi , B. 2003 . Ethno botanical studies and economic evaluation of medicinal plants in Taoutnate province . J. Ethnopharmacology , 86 : 149 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elisabetsky , E. , Marschner , J. and Souza , D.O. 1995 . Effects of linalool on glutamatergic system in the rat cerebral cortex . Neurochemical Research , 20 : 461 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• File , S.E. and Wardill , A.G. 1975 . Validity of head dipping as a measure of exploration in a modified hole-board . Psychopharmacology , 44 : 53 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gachkar , L. , Yadegari , D. , Bagher , M.R. , Taghizadeh , M. , Staneh , S.A. and Rasooli , I. 2007 . Chemical and biological characteristic of Cuminun cyminum and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils . Food chemistry , 102 : 898 – 904 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajhashemi , V. and Ghandi , S.B. 2003 . Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill . J. Ethnopharmacology , 12 : 271 – 277 .
   Google Scholar
• Haloui , M. , Louedec , L. , Miche , J.B. and Lyousi , B. 2000 . Diuretic effects of Rrosmarinus officinalis . L. J. Ethnopharmacology , 71 : 465 – 472 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera , M. , Ruiz , C.G. , Enrique , J.F. , Tortoriello , J. , Miron , G. and Leon , I. 2007 . Central nervous system depressant activities of an ethyl acetate extract from Ipomoea Stan roots . J. Ethnopharmacology , 112 : 243 – 247 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman G., (1963). Les animaux du laboratoire (précis) Edition vigot Frères, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Jerome , S. 2007 . Herbal medicines in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders . Phytherapy Research , 21 : 703 – 716 .
   Google Scholar
• Juteau , F. , Masotti , V. , Bessière , J.M. and Viano , J. 2002 . Compositional characteristics of the essential oil of Artemisia campestris var glutinosa . Biochemical Systematics Ecology , 30 : 1065 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , N.S. and Lee , D.S. 2002 . Comparison of different extraction for the analysis of fragrances from lavandula species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . J. Chromatography , 982 : 31 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laroche , M. and Rousselet , F. 1990 . Les animaux du Laboratoire, éthique et bonnes pratiques , Paris : Masson .
   Google Scholar
• Lehrner , J. , Marwinski , G. , Lehr , S. , Joohren , P. and Dee , K.L. 2005 . Ambient odours of range and lavender reduce anxiety and improve mode in a dental office . Physiology Behavior , 86 : 92 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litchfield , J.T. and Wilcoxon , F. 1949 . A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments . J. Pharmacology Experimental Therapeutics , 96 : 99 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munchid , K. , Sadiq , F. , Tissent , A. , Habti , N. , Aboussaouiraa , T. , Rachidai , A. and Alaoui-ISmaili , M. 2005 . Cytotoxicité de l’huile essentielle de Rosmarinus officinalis . L. Transfusion Clinique Biologique , 12 : 5135 – 5136 .
   Google Scholar
• Nicolette , P. and Eliane , P. 2006 . Aromatherapy in the management of psychiatric disorders: Clinical and Neuropharmacological Perspectives . CNS Drugs , 20 : 257 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• Peana , A.T. , D’Aquila , P.S. , Chessa , M.L. , Serra , G. , Pippia , P. and Moretti , M.D. 2003 . Anti inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils . Phyto-medicine , 9 : 721 – 726 .
   Google Scholar
• Pellow , S. 1986 . Anxiolytic and Anxiogenic drug effects in a novel test of anxiety: are exploratory models of anxiety in rodents valid 2 . Methods Findings Experimental Clinical Pharmacology , 8 : 557 – 565 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perazzo , F.F. , carvalho , J.C.T. , Carvalho , J.E. and Rehder , V.L.G. 2003 . Central properties of the essential oil and the crude ethanol extract from aerial parts of Artemisia annual . Pharmacological Research , 48 : 497 – 502 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prashar , A. , Locke , I.C. and Evans , C.S. 2007 . Cytotoxicity of lavender oil and its major components to human skin cells . Cell Proliferation , 37 : 221 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Tahraoui , A. , El-Hilaly , J. , Israili , Z.H. and Lyoussi , B. 2007 . Ethno pharmacological survey of plants used in the traditional treatment of hypertension and diabetes in south-eastern Morocco (Errachidia province) . J. Ethnopharmacology , 110 : 105 – 117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tawaeha , K. , Q-Ally , F.M. and El-Elimat , T. 2007 . Antioxidant activity and total phenol content of selected Jordanian plant species . Food Chemistry , 85 : 116 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , W.R. and Weil , C.S. 1952 . On the construction of tables for moving-average interpolation . Biometrics , 8 : 51 – 4 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tisserand , R. 1993 . The art of aromatherapy , Essex, UK : C.W. Daniel Co .
   Google Scholar
• Umezu , T. , Nagano , K. , Ito , H. , Kosakai , K. , Sakaniwa , M. and Morita , M. 2006 . Anticonflit effects of lavender oil and identification of its active constituents . Pharmacology Biochemistry Behavior , 85 : 731 – 721 .
   Google Scholar
• Willianson J., Okpako D., Evans F.J., (1996). Selection, Preparation and Pharmacological Evaluation of plant Material. Vol. 1, chapter 10, pp. 168–169
   Google Scholar
• Wolfgang , S. and Michaela , S. 2008 . Clinical aromatherapy . J. Men’s Health , 5 : 74 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Yamada , K. , Mimaki , Y. and Sashida , Y. 1994 . Anticonvulsant effect of inhaling lavender oil vapour . Biological Pharmaceutical Bulletin , 17 : 359 – 360 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar