The iodine content of Faroese food items to support iodine nutrition in the North Atlantic

References

• Eastman CJ, Zimmermann MB The Iodine deficiency disorders. Endotext. Published online February 6, 2018. [cited 2022 May 2]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285556/
   Google Scholar
• Laurberg P, Cerqueira C, Ovesen L, et al. Iodine intake as a determinant of thyroid disorders in populations. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;24(1):13–8. doi: 10.1016/J.BEEM.2009.08.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen S, Waagepetersen R, Laurberg P. Misclassification of iodine intake level from morning spot urine samples with high iodine excretion among Inuit and non-Inuit in Greenland. Br J Nutr. 2015; 113(9):1433–1440. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515000653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsen MH, Andersen LF, Dahl L, et al. New Iodine food composition database and updated calculations of iodine intake among Norwegians. Nutrients. 2018;10(7):930. doi: 10.3390/NU10070930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen S, Hvingel B, Kleinschmidt K, et al. Changes in iodine excretion in 50-69-y-old denizens of an Arctic society in transition and iodine excretion as a biomarker of the frequency of consumption of traditional Inuit foods. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81(3):656–663. doi: 10.1093/AJCN/81.3.656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen S, Hvingel B, Laurberg P. International journal of circumpolar health iodine content of traditional Greenlandic food items and tap water in East and West Greenland. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2002;61(4):332–340. Published online 2002. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v61i4.17491
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dahl L, Opsahl JA, Meltzer HM, et al. Iodine concentration in Norwegian milk and dairy products. Br J Nutr. 2003;90(3):679–685. doi: 10.1079/BJN2003921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen S, Pedersen KM, Iversen F, et al. Naturally occurring iodine in humic substances in drinking water in Denmark is bioavailable and determines population iodine intake. British Journal Of Nutrition. 2008;99(2):319–325. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507803941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visit Faroe Islands. Accessed January. 2. 2023;https://www.62n.fo/travel/en/faroe-islands/
   Google Scholar
• Joensen JP. Bót Og Biti (Stock Cube and a Bite). Torshavn, The Faroe Islands: Fróðskapur, Faroese University Press; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Tinganes. Whales and whaling in the Faroe Islands. https://www.whaling.fo/en/
   Google Scholar
• Weihe P, Joensen HD. Dietary recommendations regarding pilot whale meat and blubber in the Faroe Islands. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2012;71(1):1–5. doi: 10.3402/IJCH.V71I0.18594
   Google Scholar
• Starvsstovan H. Kosttilmæli Um at Eta Grind (Dietary Recommendation for Consuming Pilot Whale). Recommendation no. 461-200800444-64.Heilsufrøðiliga Starvsstovan. Torshavn, Faroe Islands: Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Frida - Database med fødevaredata udgivet DTU Fødevareinstituttet. [cited 2022 July 2]. Available from: https://frida.fooddata.dk/
   Google Scholar
• Vestergaard Z. Føðslukanning 1981-1982 (Dietary Investigation). Fróðskaparrrit (Annales Societatis Scientiarum Færoensis). 1987;33:5–18.
   Google Scholar
• Johannesen HL, Andersen S, Andersen SL, et al. Iodine nutrition with North Atlantic living: the Faroese adolescents. J Nutr Sci. 2023;12:e17. doi: 10.1017/jns.2022.111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johannesen HL, Knudsen GS, Andersen S, et al. Iodine nutrition among the adult population of the Faroe Islands: a population-based study. British Journal Of Nutrition. 2022;127(8):1190–1197. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521001938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veyhe AS, Johannesen HL, Weihe P, et al. Urine test strips and iodine contamination: a tricky trick in iodine nutrition surveys. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2022;82(3):251–256. doi: 10.1080/00365513.2022.2059699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reykdal Ó, Hilmarsson ÓÞ, Auðunsson GA Joð, Selen Og Kvikasilfur í Kjöti, Mjólk Og Eggjum (Iodine, Selenium And Mercury In Meat, Milk And Eggs). 2006. [cited 2022 December 8]. Available from: https://www.matis.is/media/utgafa/matra/Jod_Lokaskyrsla_0804.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Piernas C, Perez-Cornago A, Gao M, et al. Describing a new food group classification system for UK biobank: analysis of food groups and sources of macro- and micronutrients in 208,200 participants. Eur J Nutr. 2021;60(5):2879–2890. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02535-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arctic Monitoring Assessment Program (AMAP). AMAP Assessment 2021: Human Health in the Arctic | AMAP. 2021. [cited 2022 November 25]. Available from: https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/amap-assessment-2021-human-health-in-the-arctic-pre-print/3593
   Google Scholar
• Veyhe AS. Færøske kvinders kostvaner i tredje trimester. MPH 2006. Dnr U12/3:294. Göteborg, Sweden: Nordic School of Public Health NHV; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson B, van Zyl A. The estimation of iodine in thyroidal amino acids by alkaline ashing. S Afr J Med Sci. 1967;32(3):70–82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laurberg P. Thyroxine and 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine content of thyroglobulin in thyroid needle aspirates in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987;64(5):969–974. doi: 10.1210/JCEM-64-5-969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen S, Karmisholt J, Pedersen KM, et al. Reliability of studies of iodine intake and recommendations for number of samples in groups and in individuals. British Journal Of Nutrition. 2008;99(4):813–818. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507842292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. [Published 2020. citrd 2023 January 2]. Available from: https://www.R-project.org
   Google Scholar
• RStudio Team. Rstudio: Integrated Development for R. Boston, MA. Published 2019. [cited 2023 January 2]. Available from: http://www.rstudio.com
   Google Scholar
• Gunnarsdottir I, Gustavsdottir AG, Steingrimsdottir L, et al. Iodine status of pregnant women in a population changing from high to lower fish and milk consumption. Public Health Nutr. 2013;16(2):325–329. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012001358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adalsteinsdottir S, Tryggvadottir EA, Hrolfsdottir L, et al. Insufficient iodine status in pregnant women as a consequence of dietary changes. Food Nutr Res. 2020;64:64. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v64.3653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandorf Bak U. Seaweed cultivation in the Faroe Islands: An investigation of the biochemical composition of selected macroalgal species, optimised seeding technics, and open-ocean cultivation methods from a commercial perspective. Kgs Lyngby, Denmark: Technical University of Denmark; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Andersen S, Noahsen P, Rex KF, et al. Iodine in edible seaweed, its absorption, dietary use, and relation to Iodine Nutrition in Arctic People. J Med Food. 2019;22(4):421–426. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noahsen P, Kleist I, Larsen HM, et al. Intake of seaweed as part of a single sushi meal, iodine excretion and thyroid function in euthyroid subjects: a randomized dinner study. J Endocrinol Invest. 2020;43(4):431–438. doi: 10.1007/s40618-019-01122-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurberg P, Jørgensen T, Perrild H, et al. The Danish investigation on iodine intake and thyroid disease, DanThyr: status and perspectives. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;155(2):219–228. doi: 10.1530/EJE.1.02210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madar AA, Heen E, Hopstock LA, et al. Iodine Intake in Norwegian Women and Men: The Population-Based Tromsø Study 2015–2016. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):1–13. doi: 10.3390/NU12113246
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Norwegian Food Safety Authority. Matvaretabellen. [cited 2023 January 11]. Available from: https://matvaretabellen.no/
   Google Scholar
• Amelsvoort V. Rural water-supply development and the recent appearance of endemic goitre. Trop Geogr Med. 1971;23(3):304–305.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manousou S, Stål M, Eggertsen R, et al. Correlations of water iodine concentration to earlier goitre frequency in Sweden - an iodine sufficient country with long-term iodination of table salt. Environ Health Prev Med. 2019;24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12199-019-0821-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar