Aesculus indica: an updated review on its pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological profile

References

• Gakuya DW, Okumu MO, Kiama SG, et al. Traditional medicine in Kenya: past and current status, challenges, and the way forward. Sci African Elsevier B V. 2020;8:e00360.
   Google Scholar
• Kaur K, Kaur A, Thakur S. Use of medicinal plants in traditional health care practices: a case study in Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda District, Punjab (India). Curr Bot. 2020;75–86. DOI:10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6174
   Google Scholar
• Oyebode O, Kandala NB, Chilton PJ, et al. Use of traditional medicine in middle-income countries: a WHO-SAGE study. Health Policy Plan. 2016 Oct;31(8):984–991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Rashid MH, Kundu A, Mandal V; Phurpa Wangchuk and SCM. Herbal medicine in India: indigenous knowledge, practice, innovation and its value. Herb Med India. 2019;1–620.
   Google Scholar
• Banik B, Das S, Das MK. Medicinal plants with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties found in eastern parts of the himalaya: an ethnomedicinal review. Pharmacogn Rev. 2020;14(28):121–137.
   Google Scholar
• Sen T, Samanta SK. Medicinal plants, human health and biodiversity: a broad review. In: Mukherjee J editor. Biotechnol appl biodivers [Internet]. Berlin (Heidelberg): Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2015. p. 59–110. DOI:10.1007/10_2014_273
   Google Scholar
• Singh H, and Kumar A. Phytochemical analysis of Aesculus indica seeds extracts. Innov J Ayur Sci. 2013;1:1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Jachak SM, Saklani A. Challenges and opportunities in drug discovery from plants. Curr Sci Current Science Association. 2007;92:1251–1257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahanukar SA, Kulkarni RA, and Rege NN. Pharmacology of medicinal plants and natural products. Indian J Pharmacol. 2000;32 S81–S118.
   Google Scholar
• Bibi Y, Nisa S, Zia M, et al. In vitro cytotoxic activity of Aesculus indica against breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and phytochemical analysis. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2012;25(1):183–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahoor M, Shafiq S, Ullah H, et al. Isolation of quercetin and mandelic acid from Aesculus indica fruit and their biological activities. BMC Biochem. 2018;19:1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Sirtori CR. Aescin: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic profile. Pharmacol Res. 2001;44(3):183–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur L, Joseph L, George M. Phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of Aesculus indica. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2011;3:232–234.
   Google Scholar
• Santapau H, and Henry AN. . In: Dictionary of the flowering plants in India vii (New Delhi: Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR) . 1973;198p, 9788172361907, 8172361904.
   Google Scholar
• York N, Garden B. A revision of the American Hippocastanaceae-II Author (s): James W. Hardin Published by: Springer on behalf of the New York Botanical Garden Press. 1957;9:173–195.
   Google Scholar
• Zampieron ER. Horse Chestnut (Aesculus Hippocastanum) for venous insufficiency. Int J Complement Altern Med. 2017;5(3):3–6.
   Google Scholar
• Parmar C, and Kaushal MK. Aesculus indica . . Wild Fruits. 1982;6–9.
   Google Scholar
• Baraldi C, Foca G, and Maletti L Red Horse-Chestnut Seeds of Aesculus × Carnea , et al. . Nuts Seeds Heal Dis Prev. 2020;27–43 doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-818553-7.00003-6.
   Google Scholar
• Pradhan P, Sukumaran A, Khanduri VP. Floral biology and reproductive effort of andromonoecious Aesculus indica Wall. ex Camb. Hook (Hippocastanaceae). 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Li S, Lian X-Y. An overview of genus Aesculus L.: ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Pharm Crop. 2014;1(1):24–51.
   Google Scholar
• Majeed M, Khan MA, and Bashir A, et al. Nutritional value and oil content of Indian Indian Horse-Chestnut Seed. Glob J Sci Front Res. 2010;10:17–19.
   Google Scholar
• Falya Y, Sumiwi SA, Levita J. Mini review: toxicity study of plant extracts mini review: toxicity study of plant extracts. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci. 2020;15:25–32.
   Google Scholar
• Wani IA, Jabeen M, Geelani H, et al. Effect of gamma irradiation on physicochemical properties of Indian Horse Chestnut (Aesculus indica Colebr.) starch. Food Hydrocoll Elsevier Ltd. 2014;35:253–263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabavi SM, and Silva AS. Nonvitamin and nonmineral nutritional supplements. Academic Press; 2018;545–552. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-812491-8.09993-8. .
   Google Scholar
• Rajasekaran A, Singh J. Ethnobotany of Indian horse chestnut (Aesculus indica) in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2009;8:285–286.
   Google Scholar
• Cyert RM, Hedrick CL. Theory of the firm: past, present, and future; an interpretation. J Econ Lit. 1972;10: 398–412. American Economic Association: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2721463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh G, Kachroo P. Forest flora of Srinagar and plants of neighborhood. Periodical Expert Book Agency; 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Chakraborthy GS. Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of Aesculus indica. Int J PharmTech Res. 2009;1:132–134.
   Google Scholar
• Ikram M, Gilani SN. Anti-inflammatory activity of Aesculus indica fruit oil. Fitoterapia. 1986;57:455–456.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. Wealth of India. Raw materials. Vol I (Revised), CSIR, New Delhi. 1985;101–109.
   Google Scholar
• Anwar T, and Jabbar A. Studies on the pesticidal activity of Aesculus indica and Dryopteris ramosa against rice and sugarcane pestic. Proc Pakistan Congr Zool Soc. 1987;38(4): 431–437.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma PK. Herbal remedies for treating rheumatic pains in Jammu and Kashmir. Indian J For. 1991;14:206–210.
   Google Scholar
• Khare CP. Aesculus indica Hook. In: Khare CP editor. Indian med plants an Illus Dict. New York: Springer New York; 2007. p. 1. DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2_55
   Google Scholar
• Gallelli L. Escin: a review of its anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory, and venotonic properties. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019 Sep 27;13: 3425–3437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang C, Ju W, Pei S, et al. Pharmacological activities and synthesis of esculetin and its derivatives: a mini-review. J Lipid Res. 2017;58(3):519–528.
   Google Scholar
• Ganeshpurkar A, Saluja AK. The pharmacological potential of rutin. Saudi Pharm J. 2017;25:149–164. King Saud University.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Yao J, Han C, et al. Quercetin, inflammation and immunity. Nutrients. 2016;8(3):1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maalik A, Khan FA, Mumtaz A, et al. Pharmacological applications of quercetin and its derivatives: a short review. Trop J Pharm Res. 2014;13(9):1561–1566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riaz A, Rasul A, Hussain G, et al. Astragalin: a bioactive phytochemical with potential therapeutic activities. Patrignani P, editor. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2018;2018. 10.1155/2018/9794625.
   Google Scholar
• Firdoos S, Khan AU, Ali F. Pharmacological investigation of aesculus indica aqueous-ethanol extract for its anti-nociceptive action. J Anim Plant Sci. 2018;28:610–615.
   Google Scholar
• Shahbaz H, Latif A, and Perveen S, et al. In vitro antioxidant potential and antiproliferative activity of Aesculus indica seed extract against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line In vitro antioxidant potential and antiproliferative activity of Aesculus indica seed extract against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. 2021 34 1(Supplementary). p. 300–306.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra ML, Sood S, Shukla U. Phyto-nutritional and mineral composition of Indian Horse Chestnut (Aesculus indica) seeds. J Phrmacognosy Phytochem. 2018;7(1):2159–2162.
   Google Scholar
• Singh B, Agrawal PK, Thakur RS. Aesculuside-A, A new triterpene glycoside from Aesculus indica. Planta Med. 1986 Oct;52(5):409–410. PMID: 17345358.
   Google Scholar
• Khawaja H, Fazal N, Yaqub F, et al. Protective and proliferative effect of Aesculus indica extract on stressed human adipose stem cells via downregulation of NF-κB pathway. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0258762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mastuda H, Li Y, Murakami T, et al. Effects of aescins Ia, Ib, IIa and II b, from horse chestnut, the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L., on acute inflammation in animals. Biol Pharm Bull. 1997;20(10):1092–1095.
   Google Scholar
• Avci G, Kucukkurt I, Akkol EK, et al. Effects of escin mixture from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum on obesity in mice fed a high fat diet. Pharm Biol. 2010;48(3):247–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang XH, Xu B, Liu JT, et al. Effect of β-escin sodium on endothelial cells proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Vasc Pharmacol. 2008;49(4–6):158–165.
   Google Scholar
• Patlolla JMR, Raju J, Swamy MV, et al. β-Escin inhibits colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in rats and regulates the cell cycle growth by inducing p21waf1/cip1 in colon cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006;5(6):1459–1466.
   Google Scholar
• Singh B. A process for obtaining b-aescin from indian horse chestnut (aesculus indica). 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Singh BK, Meenu R, Raja Z, et al. A new antiviral agent from Indian horse chestnut Aesculus indica. http://www.freepatentsonline.com.EPI1489910 html. 2004.
   Google Scholar