References
- Avineri, E., D. Shinar, and Y. O. Susilo. 2012. “Pedestrians’ Behaviour in Cross Walks: The Effects of Fear of Falling and Age.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 44 (1): 30–34. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.028.
- Boltes, M., A. Seyfried, B. Steffen, and A. Schadschneider. 2010. “Automatic Extraction of Pedestrian Trajectories from Video Recordings.” Pedestrian Evacuation Dynamics 2008. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04504-2.
- Cao, S., J. Zhang, W. Song, C. Shi, and R. Zhang. 2018. “The Stepping Behavior Analysis of Pedestrians from Different Age Groups Via a Single-File Experiment.” Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2018: 033402.
- Dean, G. A. 1965. “An Analysis of the Energy Expenditure in Level and Grade Walking.” Ergonomics 8 (1): 31–47. doi:10.1080/00140136508930772.
- Fang, Z.-M., W.-G. Song, X. Liu, W. Lv, J. Ma, and X. Xiao. 2012. “A Continuous Distance Model (CDM) for the Single-File Pedestrian Movement Considering Step Frequency and Length.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 391 (1): 307–316. doi:10.1016/j.physa.2011.08.009.
- Fu, L., Y. Liu, P. Yang, Y. Shi, Y. Zhao, and J. Fang. 2020. “Dynamic Analysis of Stepping Behavior of Pedestrian Social Groups on Stairs.” Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2020: 063403.
- Fu, Z., X. Zhou, Y. Chen, J. Gong, F. Peng, Z. Yan, T. Zhang, and L. Yang. 2015. “The Influence of Random Slowdown Process and Lock-Step Effect on the Fundamental Diagram of the Nonlinear Pedestrian Dynamics: An Estimating-Correction Cellular Automaton.” Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 20 (3): 832–845. doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2014.06.034.
- Gayathri, H., S. Gulhare, and A. Verma. 2019. “Characteristics of Stop and Go Wave in One Dimensional Interrupted Pedestrian Flow through Narrow Channel.” Collective Dynamics 3 (2018): 1–14. doi:10.17815/cd.2018.18.
- Grieve, D. W., and R. J. Gear. 1966. “The Relationships Between Length of Stride, Step Frequency, Time of Swing and Speed of Walking for Children and Adults.” Ergonomics 9 (5): 379–399. doi:10.1080/00140136608964399.
- Hediyeh, H., T. Sayed, M. H. Zaki, and G. Mori. 2014. “Pedestrian Gait Analysis Using Automated Computer Vision Techniques.” Transportmetrica A Transport Science 10 (3): 214–232. doi:10.1080/18128602.2012.727498.
- Helbing, D., J. Keltsch, and P. Molnár. 1997. “Modelling the Evolution of Human Trail Systems.” Nature 388 (6637): 47–50. doi:10.1038/40353.
- Ho, N. H., P. H. Truong, and G. M. Jeong. 2016. “Step-detection and Adaptive Step-Length Estimation for Pedestrian Dead-Reckoning at Variouswalking Speeds Using a Smartphone.” Sensors (Switzerland) 16 (9), doi:10.3390/s16091423.
- Hoogendoorn, S. P., and W. Daamen. 2005. “Pedestrian Behavior at Bottlenecks.” Transportation Science 39 (2): 147–159. doi:10.1287/trsc.1040.0102.
- Huang, Z., M. Chraibi, and W. Song. 2018. “Simulation of Pedestrian Single-Lane Movement by a Biped Model.” Physical Review E 98 (4): 42309. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.98.042309.
- Jelić, A., C. Appert-Rolland, S. Lemercier, and J. Pettré. 2012. “Properties of Pedestrians Walking in Line. II. Stepping Behavior.” Physical Review E 86 (4): 1–7. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.86.046111.
- Kim, J., C. R. Ahn, and Y. Nam. 2019. “The Influence of Built Environment Features on Crowdsourced Physiological Responses of Pedestrians in Neighborhoods.” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 75: 161–169. doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2019.02.003.
- Kirtley, C., M. W. Whittle, and R. J. Jefferson. 1985. “Influence of Walking Speed on Gait Parameters.” Journal of Biomedical Engineering 7 (4): 282–288. doi:10.1016/0141-5425(85)90055-X.
- Leyden, K. M. 2003. “Social Capital and the Built Environment: The Importance of Walkable Neighborhoods.” American Journal of Public Health 93 (9): 1546–1551. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1546.
- Liu, X., W. Song, and J. Zhang. 2009. “Extraction and Quantitative Analysis of Microscopic Evacuation Characteristics Based on Digital Image Processing.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 388 (13): 2717–2726. doi:10.1016/j.physa.2009.03.017.
- Ma, Y., Y. Y. Sun, E. W. M. Lee, and R. K. K. Yuen. 2018. “Pedestrian Stepping Dynamics in Single-File Movement.” Physical Review E 98 (6): 1–9. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.98.062311.
- Macdonald, J. H. G. 2009. “Lateral Excitation of Bridges by Balancing Pedestrians.” Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 465 (2104): 1055–1073. doi:10.1098/rspa.2008.0367.
- Muir, B. C., S. Rietdyk, and J. M. Haddad. 2014. “Gait Initiation: The First Four Steps in Adults Aged 20–25 Years, 65–79 Years, and 80–91 Years.” Gait & Posture 39 (1): 490–494. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.08.037.
- Nicolas, A., and F. H. Hassan. 2021. “Social Groups in Pedestrian Crowds: Review of their Influence on the Dynamics and their Modelling.” Transportmetrica A Transport Science, 1–26. doi:10.1080/23249935.2021.1970651.
- Nishihara, R., and M. Okubo. 2015. “A Study on Personal Space in Virtual Space Based on Personality.” Procedia Manufacturing 3: 2183–2190. doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.359.
- Ren, X., J. Zhang, and W. Song. 2019. “Contrastive Study on the Single-File Pedestrian Movement of the Elderly and Other Age Groups.” Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2019: 093402. doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2012/06/P06002.
- Ren, X., J. Zhang, W. Song, and C. Shuchao. 2019. “The Fundamental Diagrams of Elderly Pedestrian Flow in Straight Corridors under Different Densities.” Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2019 (2): 023403. doi:10.1088/1742-5468/aabfcc.
- Renaudin, V., M. Susi, and G. Lachapelle. 2012. “Step Length Estimation Using Handheld Inertial Sensors.” Sensors 12 (7): 8507–8525. doi:10.3390/s120708507.
- Scheffer, A. C., M. J. Schuurmans, N. van Dijk, T. van der Hooft, and S. E. de Rooij. 2008. “Fear of Falling: Measurement Strategy, Prevalence, Risk Factors and Consequences Among Older Persons.” Age and Ageing 37 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1093/ageing/afm169.
- Seitz, M. J., F. Dietrich, and G. Köster. 2014. “A Study of Pedestrian Stepping Behaviour for Crowd Simulation.” Transportation Research Procedia 2: 282–290. doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2014.09.054.
- Seitz, M. J., F. Dietrich, and G. Köster. 2015. “The Effect of Stepping on Pedestrian Trajectories.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 421 (1): 594–604. doi:10.1016/j.physa.2014.11.064.
- Seitz, M. J., and G. Köster. 2012. “Natural Discretization of Pedestrian Movement in Continuous Space.” Physical Review E 86 (4): 46108. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.86.046108.
- Seyfried, A., B. Steffen, W. Klingsch, and M. Boltes. 2005. “The Fundamental Diagram of Pedestrian Movement Revisited.” Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 10: 41–53. doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2005/10/P10002.
- Strogatz, S. H., D. M. Abrams, A. McRobie, B. Eckhardt, and E. Ott. 2005. “Crowd Synchrony on the Millennium Bridge.” Nature 438 (7064): 43–44. doi:10.1038/438043a.
- Tang, T. Q., X. T. Yuan, P. C. Hu, and T. Wang. 2021. “Modeling and Simulating the Non-Emergency Evacuation Behavior in a Hospital Registration Hall.” Transportmetrica A Transport Science, doi:10.1080/23249935.2021.1948930.
- Uemura, K., M. Yamada, K. Nagai, B. Tanaka, S. Mori, and N. Ichihashi. 2012. “Fear of Falling is Associated with Prolonged Anticipatory Postural Adjustment During Gait Initiation under Dual-Task Conditions in Older Adults.” Gait & Posture 35 (2): 282–286. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.09.100.
- Wang, J., M. Boltes, A. Seyfried, J. Zhang, V. Ziemer, and W. Weng. 2018. “Linking Pedestrian Flow Characteristics with Stepping Locomotion.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 500: 106–120. doi:10.1016/j.physa.2018.02.021.
- Wang, J., W. Weng, M. Boltes, J. Zhang, A. Tordeux, and V. Ziemer. 2018. “Step Styles of Pedestrians at Different Densities.” Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2018 (2): 023406. doi:10.1088/1742-5468/aaac57.
- Welmerink, D. B., W. T. Longstreth, M. F. Lyles, and A. L. Fitzpatrick. 2010. “Cognition and the Risk of Hospitalization for Serious Falls in the Elderly: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study.” The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 65 A (11): 1242–1249. doi:10.1093/gerona/glq115.
- Winter, D. A., A. E. Patla, J. S. Frank, and S. E. Walt. 1990. “Biomechanical Walking Pattern Changes in the Fit and Healthy Elderly.” Physical Therapy 70 (6): 340–347. doi:10.1093/ptj/70.6.340.
- Woollacott, M. H., and P.-F. Tang. 1997. “Balance Control During Walking in the Older Adult: Research and its Implications.” Physical Therapy 77 (6): 646–660. doi:10.1093/ptj/77.6.646.
- Xue, S., R. Jiang, S. C. Wong, C. Feliciani, X. Shi, and B. Jia. 2020. “Wall-following Behaviour During Evacuation Under Limited Visibility: Experiment and Modelling.” Transportmetrica A Transport Science 16 (3): 626–653. doi:10.1080/23249935.2020.1722281.
- Zeng, G., S. Cao, C. Liu, and W. Song. 2018. “Experimental and Modeling Study on Relation of Pedestrian Step Length and Frequency Under Different Headways.” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 500: 237–248. doi:10.1016/j.physa.2018.02.095.
- Zhang, P., X. Y. Li, H. Y. Deng, Z. Y. Lin, X. N. Zhang, and S. C. Wong. 2020. “Potential Field Cellular Automata Model for Overcrowded Pedestrian Flow.” Transportmetrica A Transport Science 16 (3): 749–775. doi:10.1080/23249935.2020.1722283.