References
- Andersson, A., Sayehli, S., & Gullberg, M. (2019). Language background affects online word order processing in a second language but not offline. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 22(4), 802–825. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728918000573
- Arroyo, F. V. (1982). Negatives in context. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 21, 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(82)90500-X
- Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
- Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, I., & Schlesewsky, M. (2008). An alternative perspective on “semantic P600” effects in language comprehension. Brain Research Reviews, 59, 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.05.003
- Clark, H. (1969). Linguistic processing in deductive reasoning. Psychological Review, 76(4), 387–404. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027578
- Clark, H. H., & Chase, W. G. (1972). On the process of comparing sentences against pictures. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 472–517. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(72)90019-9
- Colston, H. L. (1999). “Not good” is “bad” but “not bad” is not “good": An analysis of three accounts of negation asymmetry. Discourse Processes, 28(3), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638539909545083
- Davies, M. (2008). The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): 560 million words, 1990-present. Available online at https://corpus.byu.edu/coca/
- Delorme, A., & Makeig, S. (2004). EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 134, 9–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009
- Dudschig, C., Mackenzie, I. G., Maienborn, C., Kaup, B., & Leuthold, H. (2019). Negation and the N400: Investigating temporal aspects of negation integration using semantic and world-knowledge violations. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 34(3), 309–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2018.1535127
- Farshchi, S, Andersson, R, Van De Weijer, J, & Paradis, C. (2019). Processing negation in a miniature artificial language. Cognitive Science, 43(3), Article e12720. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12720
- Fein, O., Yeari, M., & Giora, R. (2015). On the priority of salience-based interpretations: The case of sarcastic irony. Intercultural Pragmatics, 12(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2015-0001
- Ferguson, H. J., Sanford, A. J., & Leuthold, H. (2008). Eye-movements and ERPs reveal the time-course of processing negation and remitting counterfactual worlds. Brain Research, 1236, 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.099
- Fischler, I., Bloom, P. A., Childers, D. G., Roucos, S. E., & Perry, N. W. (1983). Brain potentials related to stages of sentence verification. Psychophysiology, 20(4), 400–409.
- Giora, R. (2006). Anything negatives can do affirmatives can do just as well, except for some metaphors. Journal of Pragmatics, 38(7), 981–1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.12.006
- Giora, R., Fein, O., Ganzi, J., Levi, N. A., & Sabah, H. (2005). On negation as mitigation: The case of negative irony. Discourse Processes, 39(1), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326950dp3901_3
- Giora, R., Fein, O., Metuki, N., & Stern, P. (2010). Negation as a metaphor-inducing operator. In L. Horn (Ed.), The expression of negation (pp. 225–256). Mouton de Gruyter.
- Glenberg, A. M., Robertson, D. A., Lansen, J. L., & Johnson-Glenberg, M. C. (1999). Not propositions. Journal of Cognitive Systems Research, 1, 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-0417(99)00004-2
- Hoosain, R. (1973). The processing of negation. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12, 618–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(73)80041-6
- Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1976). Eye fixations and cognitive processes. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 441–480.
- Just, M. A., & Clark, H. H. (1973). Drawing inferences from presuppositions and implications of affirmative and negative sentences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 12, 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(73)80057-X
- Kaup, B. (2001). Negation and its impact on the accessibility of text information. Memory & Cognition, 29(7), 960–967. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195758
- Kaup, B., Lüdtke, J., & Zwaan, R. A. (2006). Processing negated sentences with contradictory predicates: Is a door that is not open mentally closed? Journal of Pragmatics, 38, 1033–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.09.012
- Kaup, B., & Zwaan, R. A. (2003). Effects of negation and situational presence on the accessibility of text information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 29(3), 439–446. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.29.3.439
- Kolk, H. H., Chwilla, D. J., van Herten, M., & Oor, P. J. (2003). Structure and limited capacity in verbal working memory: A study with event-related potentials. Brain and Language, 85, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-934X(02)00548-5
- Kuperberg, G. (2007). Neural mechanisms of language comprehension: Challenges to syntax. Brain Research, 1146, 23–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.12.063
- Kutas, M., & Federmeier, K. D. (2011). Thirty years and counting: Finding meaning in the N400 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP). Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 621–647. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.131123
- Kutas, M., & Hillyard, S. A. (1980). Reading senseless sentences: Brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity. Science, 207(4427), 203–205.
- Lüdtke, J., Friedrich, C. K., De Filippis, M., & Kaup, B. (2008). Event-related potential correlates of negation in a sentence–picture verification paradigm. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(8), 1355–1370. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20093
- Martín-Loeches, M., Muñoz, F., Casado, P., Melcón, A., & Fernández-Frías, C. (2005). Are the anterior negativities to grammatical violations indexing working memory? Psychophysiology, 42, 508–519. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00308.x
- Müller, H. M., King, J. W., & Kutas, M. (1997). Event-related potentials elicited by spoken relative clauses. Cognitive Brain Research, 5, 193–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(96)00070-5
- Nieuwland, M. S., & Kuperberg, G. R. (2008). When the truth is not too hard to handle: An event-related potential study on pragmatics of negation. Psychological Science, 19(12), 1213–1218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02226.x
- Orenes, I., Beltrán, D., & Santamaría, C. (2014). How negation is understood: Evidence from the visual world paradigm. Journal of Memory and Language, 74, 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2014.04.001
- Orenes, I., Moxey, L., Scheepers, C., & Santamaría, C. (2016). Negation in context: Evidence from the visual world paradigm. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(9), 1082–1092. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2015.1063675
- Paradis, C. (2001). Adjectives and boundedness. Cognitive Linguistics, 12(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.12.1.47
- Paradis, C. (2008). Configurations, construals and change: Expressions of DEGREE. English Language and Linguistics, 12(2), 317–343. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1360674308002645
- Paradis, C., & Willners, C. (2006). Antonymy and negation – The boundedness hypothesis. Journal of Pragmatics, 38(7), 1051–1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.11.009
- Paradis, C., & Willners, C. (2013). Negation and approximation as configurational construals in SPACE. In C. Paradis, J. Hudson, & U. Magnusson (Eds.), The Construal of Spatial meaning: Windows into conceptual space (pp. 287–311). Oxford University Press.
- Peirce, W. J., Gray, J. R., Simpson, S., MacAskill, M. R., Höchenberger, R., Sogo, H., Kastman, E., & Lindeløv, J. (2019). Psychopy2: Experiments in behavior made easy. Behaviour Research Methods, 51, 195–203. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-01193-y
- Pérez, A., Hansen, L., & Bajo, T. (2018). The nature of first and second language processing: The role of cognitive control and L2 proficiency during text-level comprehension. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 22(5), 930–948. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728918000846
- R Core Team. (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (version 3.4.3). R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org/
- Sherman, M. A. (1973). Bound to be easier? The negative prefix and sentence comprehension. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12, 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(73)80062-3
- Sherman, M. A. (1976). Adjectival negation and the comprehension of multiply negated sentences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 15, 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5371(76)90015-3
- Slobin, D. I. (1966). Grammatical transformations and sentence comprehension in childhood and adulthood. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 5, 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80023-3
- Tian, Y., Breheny, R., & Ferguson, H. J. (2010). Why we simulate negated information: A dynamic pragmatic account. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(12), 2305–2312. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2010.525712
- Tian, Y., Ferguson, H. J., & Breheny, R. (2016). Processing negation without context – why and when we represent the positive argument. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 31(5), 683–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2016.1140214
- van Herten, M., Chwilla, D. J., & Kolk, H. H. (2006). When heuristics clash with parsing routines: ERP evidence for conflict monitoring in sentence perception. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(7), 1181–1197. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.7.1181
- van Herten, M., Kolk, H. H., & Chwilla, D. J. (2005). An ERP study of P600 effects elicited by semantic anomalies. Cognitive Brain Research, 22, 241–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.09.002
- van Petten, C. (1995). Words and sentences: Event-related brain potential measures. Psychophysiology, 32, 511–525.
- van Petten, C., & Kutas, M. (1990). Interactions between sentence context and word frequency in event-related brain potentials. Memory & Cognition, 18(4), 380–393.
- Wales, R. J., & Grieve, R. (1969). What is so difficult about negation? Perception & Psychophysics, 6(6A), 327–332.
- Wason, P. C. (1959). The processing of positive and negative information. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 11, 92–107.
- Wason, P. C., & Jones, S. (1963). Negatives: Denotation and connotation. British Journal of Psychology, 54(4), 299–307.
- Weber-Fox, C. M., & Neville, H. J. (1996). Maturational constraints on functional specializations for language processing: ERP and behavioural evidence in bilingual speakers. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8(3), 231–256. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1996.8.3.231