References
- Abdel Rahman, R., & Melinger, A. (2008). Enhanced phonological facilitation and traces of concurrent word form activation in speech production: An object-naming study with multiple distractors. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(9), 1410–1440. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210701560724
- Alameda, J. R., & Cuetos, F. (1995). Diccionario de frecuencias de las unidades lingüísticas del castellano [Frequency dictionary for lexical items in Castilian Spanish]. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Oviedo.
- Alario, F.-X., Ferrand, L., Laganaro, M., New, B., Frauenfelder, U. H., & Segui, J. (2004). Predictors of picture naming speed. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(1), 140–155. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195559
- Anderson, J. D. (2008). Age of acquisition and repetition priming effects on picture naming of children who do and do not stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 33(2), 135–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2008.04.001
- Andrews, S., & Heathcote, A. (2001). Distinguishing common and task-specific processes in word identification: A matter of some moment? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27(2), 514–544. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.27.2.514
- Baars, B. J., Motley, M. T., & MacKay, D. G. (1975). Output editing for lexical status in artificially elicited slips of the tongue. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14(4), 382–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(75)80017-X
- Baayen, R. H., Piepenbrock, R., & Gulikers, L. (1995). The CELEX Lexical Database (Release 2) [CD-ROM]. Linguistic Data Consortium.
- Balatsou, E., Fischer-Baum, S., & Oppenheim, G. M. (2022). The psychological reality of picture name agreement. Cognition, 218, Article 104947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104947
- Balota, D. A., & Spieler, D. H. (1999). Word frequency, repetition, and lexicality effects in word recognition tasks: Beyond measures of central tendency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128(1), 32–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.32
- Balota, D. A., Yap, M. J., Cortese, M. J., & Watson, J. M. (2008). Beyond mean response latency: Response time distributional analyses of semantic priming. Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 495–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2007.10.004
- Bates, E., D’Amico, S., Jacobsen, T., Székely, A., Andonova, E., Devescovi, A., Herron, D., Lu, C. C., Pechmann, T., Pléh, C., Wicha, N., Federmeier, K., Gerdjikova, I., Gutierrez, G., Hung, D., & Hsu, J. (2003). Timed picture naming in seven languages. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10(2), 344–380. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196494
- Bergelson, E., & Aslin, R. (2017). Nature and origins of the lexicon in 6-mo-olds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(49), 12916–12921. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712966114
- Bergelson, E., & Swingley, D. (2012). At 6 to 9 months, human infants know the meanings of many common nouns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(9), 3253–3258. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1113380109
- Bergelson, E., & Swingley, D. (2013). The acquisition of abstract words by young infants. Cognition, 127(3), 391–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2013.02.011
- Bergelson, E., & Swingley, D. (2015). Early word comprehension in infants: Replication and extension. Language Learning and Development, 11(4), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/15475441.2014.979387
- Bjorklund, D. F. (1995). Children’s thinking. Brooks/Cole.
- Bjorklund, D. F., & Harnishfeger, K. K. (1990). The resources construct in cognitive development: Diverse sources of evidence and a theory of inefficient inhibition. Developmental Review, 10(1), 48–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(90)90004-N
- Blanken, G. (1998). Lexicalisation in speech production: Evidence from form-related word substitutions in aphasia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15(4), 321–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/026432998381122
- Bloem, I., & La Heij, W. (2003). Semantic facilitation and semantic interference in word translation: Implications for models of lexical access in language production. Journal of Memory and Language, 48(3), 468–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00503-X
- Brysbaert, M., & Ghyselinck, M. (2007). The effect of age of acquisition: Partly frequency related, partly frequency independent. Visual Cognition, 13(7–8), 992–1011. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506280544000165
- Brysbaert, M., & New, B. (2009). Moving beyond kučera and francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency norms and the introduction of a new and improved word frequency measure for American English. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 977–990. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.977
- Budd, M.-J., Hanley, R., & Griffiths, Y. (2011). Simulating children’s retrieval errors in picture-naming: A test of foygel and dell’s (2000) semantic/phonological model of speech production. Journal of Memory and Language, 64(1), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2010.08.005
- Butterfield, G. B., & Butterfield, E. C. (1977). Lexical codability and age. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16(1), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80013-3
- Butterworth, B. (1981). Speech errors: Old data in search of new theories. Linguistics, 19(7–8), 627–662. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.1981.19.7-8.627
- Butterworth, B. (1989). Lexical access in speech production. In W. Marslen-Wilson (Ed.), Lexical representation and process (pp. 108–135). MIT Press.
- Butterworth, B. (1992). Disorders of phonological encoding. Cognition, 42(1–3), 261–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(92)90045-J
- Caramazza, A. (1997). How many levels of processing are there in lexical access? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 14(1), 177–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/026432997381664
- Carroll, J. B., & White, M. N. (1973). Word frequency and age-of-acquisition as determiners of picture-naming latency. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25(1), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/14640747308400325
- Carter, C. S., Mintun, M., & Cohen, J. D. (1995). Interference and facilitation effects during selective attention: An H2150 PET study of stroop task performance. NeuroImage, 2(4), 264–272. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.1995.1034
- Chi, M. T. H. (1978). Knowledge structures and memory development. In R. S. Siegler (Ed.), Children’s thinking: What develops? (pp. 73–96). Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Chinese Knowledge Information Processing Group. (1997). Academia sinica balanced corpus (WWW Version 3.0) Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica.
- Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). Spreading activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82(6), 407–428. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407
- Comalli Jr., P. E., Wapner, S., & Werner, H. (1962). Interference effects of stroop colour-word test in childhood, adulthood, and aging. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 100(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1962.10533572
- Costa, A., Caramazza, A., & Sebastian-Galles, N. (2000). The cognate facilitation effect: Implications for models of lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(5), 1283–1296. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.26.5.1283
- Cowan, N. (2017). The many faces of working memory and short-term storage. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(4), 1158–1170. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1191-6
- Cowan, N., Fristoe, N. M., Elliott, E. M., Brunner, R. P., & Saults, J. S. (2006). Scope of attention, control of attention, and intelligence in children and adults. Memory & Cognition, 34(8), 1754–1768. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195936
- Cutting, J. C., & Ferreira, V. S. (1999). Semantic and phonological information flow in the production lexicon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25(2), 318–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.25.2.318
- Cycowicz, Y. M., Friedman, D., & Rothstein, M. (1997). Picture naming by young children: Norms for name agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 65(2), 171–237. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1996.2356
- Damian, M. F., & Bowers, J. S. (2003). Locus of semantic interference in picture-word interference tasks. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10(1), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196474
- Damian, M. F., & Martin, R. C. (1999). Semantic and phonological codes interact in single word production. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25(2), 345–361. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.25.2.345
- D’Amico, S., Devescovi, A., & Bates, E. (2001). Picture naming and lexical access in Italian children and adults. Journal of Cognition and Development, 2(1), 71–105. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327647JCD0201_4
- Dawson, M. R. (1988). Fitting the ex-Gaussian equation to reaction time distributions. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 20(1), 54–57. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03202603
- Dell, G. S. (1986). A spreading-activation theory of retrieval in sentence production. Psychological Review, 93(3), 283–321. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.93.3.283
- Dell, G. S., & O’Seaghdha, P. G. (1991). Mediated and convergent lexical priming in language production: A comment on Levelt et al. (1991). Psychological Review, 98(4), 604–614. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.4.604
- Dell, G. S., & O’Seaghdha, P. G. (1992). Stages of lexical access in language production. Cognition, 42(1–3), 287–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(92)90046-K
- Dell, G. S., & Reich, P. A. (1981). Stages in sentence production: An analysis of speech error data. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20(6), 611–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(81)90202-4
- Dell, G. S., Schwartz, M. F., Martin, N., Saffran, E. M., & Gagnon, D. A. (1997). Lexical access in aphasic and nonaphasic speakers. Psychological Review, 104(4), 801–838. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.104.4.801
- De Mauro, T., Mancini, F., Vedovelli, M., & Voghera, M. (1993). Lessico di frequenza dell’italiano parlato [Frequency lexicon of spoken Italian]. ETASLIBRI.
- Dempster, F. N. (1981). Memory span: Sources of individual and developmental differences. Psychological Bulletin, 89(1), 63–100. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.89.1.63
- Dempster, F. N. (1992). The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism: Toward a unified theory of cognitive development and aging. Developmental Review, 12(1), 45–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(92)90003-K
- Duñabeitia, J. A., Crepaldi, D., Meyer, A. S., New, B., Pliatsikas, C., Smolka, E., & Brysbaert, M. (2018). Multipic: A standardized set of 750 drawings with norms for six European languages. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(4), 808–816. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1310261
- Fernald, A., Perfors, A., & Marchman, V. A. (2006). Picking up speed in understanding: Speech processing efficiency and vocabulary growth across the 2nd year. Developmental Psychology, 42(1), 98–116. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.98
- Fernald, A., Pinto, J. P., Swingley, D., Weinberg, A., & McRoberts, G. W. (1998). Rapid gains in speed of verbal processing by infants in the 2nd year. Psychological Science, 9(3), 228–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00044
- Ferreira, V., & Pashler, H. (2002). Central bottleneck influences on the processing stages of word production. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(6), 1187–1199. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.28.6.1187
- Finocchiaro, C., & Caramazza, A. (2006). The production of pronominal clitics: Implications for theories of lexical access. Language and Cognitive Processes, 21(1-3), 141–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960400001887
- Fox, J., & Weisberg, S. (2018). Visualizing fit and lack of fit in complex regression models with predictor effect plots and partial residuals. Journal of Statistical Software, 87(9), 1–27.
- Fox, J., & Weisberg, S. (2019). An R companion to applied regression (3rd ed.). https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion/
- Foygel, D., & Dell, G. S. (2000). Models of impaired lexical access in speech production. Journal of Memory and Language, 43(2), 182–216. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.2000.2716
- Friedmann, N., Biran, M., & Dotan, D. (2013). Lexical retrieval and its breakdown in aphasia and developmental language impairment. In C. Boeckx & K. K. Grohmann (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of biolinguistics (pp. 350–374). Cambridge University Press.
- Füredi, M., & Kelemen, J. (1989). A mai magyar nyelv szépprózai gyakorisgi szótra 1965–1977 [Prose frequency dictionary of contemporary Hungarian language 1965–1977]. Akadémiai Kiadó.
- Garrett, M. F. (1980). Levels of processing in sentence production. In B. Butterworth (Ed.), Language production. Vol. 1. Speech and talk (pp. 177–220). Academic Press.
- Gathercole, S. E., Pickering, S. J., Ambridge, B., & Wearing, H. (2004). The structure of working memory from 4 to 15 years of age. Developmental Psychology, 40(2), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.177
- Goodman, J. C., Dale, P. S., & Li, P. (2008). Does frequency count? Parental input and the acquisition of vocabulary. Journal of Child Language, 35(3), 515. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000907008641
- Goulden, R., Nation, P., & Read, J. (1990). How large can receptive vocabulary be? Applied Linguistics, 11(4), 341–363. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/11.4.341
- Griffin, Z. M. (2001). Gaze durations during speech reflect word selection and phonological encoding. Cognition, 82(1), B1–B14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(01)00138-X
- Griffin, Z. M., & Bock, K. (1998). Constraint, word frequency, and the relationship between lexical processing levels in spoken word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 38(3), 313–338. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1997.2547
- Guttentag, R. E., & Haith, M. M. (1978). Automatic processing as a function of age and Reading ability. Child Development, 49(3), 707–716. https://doi.org/10.2307/1128239
- Hardy, M. A. (1993). Regression with dummy variables. Sage Publications, Inc.
- Harley, T. A. (1984). A critique of top-down independent levels models of speech production: Evidence from non-plan-internal speech errors. Cognitive Science, 8(3), 191–219. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0803_1
- Harley, T. A. (1993). Phonological activation of semantic competitors during lexical access in speech production. Language and Cognitive Processes, 8(3), 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690969308406957
- Hohle, R. H. (1965). Inferred components of reaction times as functions of foreperiod duration. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(4), 382–386. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021740
- Humphreys, K., Boyd, C., & Watter, S. (2010). Phonological facilitation from pictures in a word association task: Evidence for routine cascaded processing in spoken word production. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(12), 2289–2296. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2010.509802
- Jaeger, J. J. (2005). Kid’s slips: What young children’s slips of the tongue reveal about language. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Jerger, S., Martin, R., & Pirozzolo, F. (1988). A developmental study of the auditory stroop effect. Brain and Language, 35(1), 86–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-934X(88)90102-2
- Jerger, S., Martin, R. C., & Damian, M. F. (2002). Semantic and phonological influences on picture naming by children and teenagers. Journal of Memory and Language, 47(2), 229–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00002-5
- Jerger, S., Pearson, D., & Spence, M. (1999). Developmental course of auditory processing interactions: Garner interference and simon interference. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 74(1), 44–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1999.2504
- Jescheniak, J. D., Hahne, A., Hoffman, S., & Wagner, C. (2006). Phonological activation of category coordinates during speech planning is observable in children but not in adults: Evidence for cascaded processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32(2), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.3.373
- Jescheniak, J. D., Hahne, A., & Schriefers, H. (2003). Information flow in the mental lexicon during speech planning: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Cognitive Brain Research, 15(3), 261–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00198-2
- Jescheniak, J. D., Hantsch, A., & Schriefers, H. (2005). Context effects on lexical choice and lexical activation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31(5), 905–920. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.31.5.905
- Jescheniak, J. D., & Levelt, W. J. M. (1994). Word frequency effects in speech production: Retrieval of syntactic information and of phonological form. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(4), 824–843. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.20.4.824
- Jescheniak, J. D., & Schriefers, H. (1998). Discrete serial versus cascaded processing in lexical access in speech production: Further evidence from the coactivation of near-synonyms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24(5), 1256–1274. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.24.5.1256
- Jescheniak, J. D., & Schriefers, H. (2001). Priming effects from phonologically related distractors in picture–word interference. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A: Human Experimental Psychology, 54A(2), 371–382.
- Johnson, C. J. (1992). Cognitive components of naming in children: Effects of referential uncertainty and stimulus realism. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 53(1), 24–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0965(05)80003-7
- Johnson, C. J., & Clark, J. M. (1988). Children’s picture naming difficulty and errors: Effects of age of acquisition, uncertainty, and name generality. Applied Psycholinguistics, 9(4), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400008055
- Johnson, C. J., Paivio, A., & Clark, J. M. (1996). Cognitive components of picture naming. Psychological Bulletin, 120(1), 113–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.113
- Juhasz, B. J. (2005). Age-of-acquisition effects in word and picture identification. Psychological Bulletin, 131(5), 684–712. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.684
- Kempen, G., & Huijbers, P. (1983). The lexicalization process in sentence production and naming: Indirect election of words. Cognition, 14(2), 185–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90029-X
- Kittredge, A. K., Dell, G. S., Verkuilen, J., & Schwartz, M. F. (2008). Where is the effect of frequency in word production? Insights from aphasic picture-naming errors. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 25(4), 463–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643290701674851
- Kleiman, E. (2021). EMAtools: Data management tools for real-time monitoring/ecological momentary assessment data. R package version 0.1.4. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package = EMAtools
- Kuipers, J.-R., & La Heij, W. (2009). The limitations of cascading in the speech production system. Language and Cognitive Processes, 24(1), 120–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960802234177
- Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., & Christensen, R. H. B. (2017). Lmertest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models. Journal of Statistical Software, 82(13), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v082.i13
- Lachman, R. (1973). Uncertainty effects on time to access the internal lexicon. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 99(2), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034633
- Lachman, R., & Lachman, J. L. (1980). Picture naming: Retrieval and activation of long-term memory. In L. W. Poon, J. L. Fozard, L. S. Cermak, D. Arenberg, & L. W. Thompson (Eds.), New directions in memory and aging (pp. 313–343). Erlbaum.
- Lachman, R., Shaffer, J. P., & Hennrikus, D. (1974). Language and cognition: Effects of stimulus codability, name-word frequency, and age of acquisition on lexical reaction time. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13(6), 613–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(74)80049-6
- La Heij, W., Dirkx, J., & Kramer, P. (1990). Categorical interference and associative priming in picture naming. British Journal of Psychology, 81(4), 511–525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1990.tb02376.x
- Lee, E.-K., Brown-Schmidt, S., & Watson, D. G. (2013). Ways of looking ahead: Hierarchical planning in language production. Cognition, 129(3), 544–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2013.08.007
- Lenth, R. (2019). emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. R package version 1.3.4. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package = emmeans
- Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). Speaking: From intention to articulation. MIT Press.
- Levelt, W. J. M. (2001). Spoken word production: A theory of lexical access. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(23), 13464–13471. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.231459498
- Levelt, W. J. M., Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. S. (1999). A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22(1), 1–75.
- Levelt, W. J. M., Schriefers, H., Vorberg, D., Meyer, A. S., Pechmann, T., & Havinga, J. (1991). The time course of lexical access in speech production: A study of picture naming. Psychological Review, 98(1), 122–142. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.1.122
- Luce, R. D. (1986). Response times: Their role in inferring elementary mental organization. Oxford University Press.
- MacWhinney, B. (2000). The CHILDES project: Tools for analyzing talk (3rd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Mädebach, A., Jescheniak, J. D., Oppermann, F., & Schriefers, H. (2011). Ease of processing constrains the activation flow in the conceptual-lexical system during speech panning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(3), 649–660. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022330
- Mahon, B., Costa, A., Peterson, R., Vargas, K. A., & Caramazza, A. (2007). Lexical selection is not by competition: A reinterpretation of semantic interference and facilitation effects in the picture–word interference paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(3), 503–535. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.33.3.503
- Mani, N., & Huettig, F. (2012). Prediction during language processing is a piece of cake – But only for skilled producers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(4), 843–847. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029284
- Marian, V., Bartolotti, J., Chabal, S., & Shook, A. (2012). CLEARPOND: Cross-linguistic easy-access resource for phonological and orthographic neighborhood densities. PLoS One, 7(8), e43230. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043230
- Martin, N., Gagnon, D. A., Schwartz, M. F., Dell, G. S., & Saffran, E. M. (1996). Phonological facilitation of semantic errors in normal and aphasic speakers. Language and Cognitive Processes, 11(3), 257–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/016909696387187
- Martin, N., Weisberg, R. W., & Saffran, E. M. (1989). Variables influencing the occurrence of naming errors: Implications for models of lexical retrieval. Journal of Memory and Language, 28(4), 462–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(89)90022-3
- Massidda, D. (2013). retimes: Reaction time analysis. R package version 0.1-2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package = retimes
- McAuliffe, M., Socolof, M., Mihuc, S., Wagner, M., & Sonderegger, M. (2017). Montreal Forced Aligner: trainable text-speech alignment using Kaldi. Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, 498–502.
- Melinger, A., & Abdel Rahman, R. (2013). Lexical selection is competitive: Evidence from indirectly activated semantic associates during picture naming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39(2), 348–364. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028941
- Meyer, A. S., & Damian, M. F. (2007). Activation of distractor names in the picture-picture interference paradigm. Memory & Cognition, 35(3), 494–503. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193289
- Meyer, A. S., & Schriefers, H. (1991). Phonological facilitation in picture-word interference experiments: Effects of stimulus onset asynchrony and types of interfering stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17(6), 1146–1160. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.17.6.1146
- Mills, D. L., Prat, C., Zangl, R., Stager, C. L., Neville, H. J., & Werker, J. F. (2004). Language experience and the organization of brain activity to phonetically similar words: ERP evidence from 14- and 20-month olds. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1162/0898929042304697
- Momma, S. (2021). Filling the gap in gap-filling: Long-distance dependency formation in sentence production. Cognitive Psychology, 129, 101411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2021.101411
- Morsella, E., & Miozzo, M. (2002). Evidence for a cascade model of lexical access in speech production. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(3), 555–563. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.28.3.555
- Nagy, W. E., Herman, P. A., & Anderson, R. C. (1985). Learning words from context. Reading Research Quarterly, 20(2), 233–253. https://doi.org/10.2307/747758
- Navarette, E., Peressotti, F., Lerose, L., & Miozzo, M. (2017). Activation cascading in sign production. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43(2), 302–318. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000312
- Navarrete, E., & Costa, A. (2009). The distractor picture paradox in speech production: Evidence from the word translation task. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 38(6), 527–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-009-9119-1
- Oldfield, R. C., & Wingfield, A. (1965). Response latencies in naming objects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 17(4), 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470216508416445
- Paivio, A., Clark, J. M., Digdon, N., & Bons, T. (1989). Referential processing: Reciprocity and correlates of naming and imaging. Memory & Cognition, 17(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197066
- Peterson, R. R., & Savoy, P. (1998). Lexical selection and phonological encoding during language production: Evidence for cascaded processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24(3), 539–557. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.24.3.539
- Poarch, G. J., & van Hell, J. G. (2012). Cross-language activation in children’s speech production: Evidence from second language learners, bilinguals, and trilinguals. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 111(3), 419–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2011.09.008
- Rapp, B., & Goldrick, M. (2000). Discreteness and interactivity in spoken word production. Psychological Review, 107(3), 460–499. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.107.3.460
- Ratcliff, R. (1979). Group reaction time distributions and an analysis of distribution statistics. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 446–461. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.446
- Ratcliff, R. (1993). Methods for dealing with reaction time outliers. Psychological Bulletin, 114(3), 510–532. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.510
- R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
- Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2002). Activation and suppression in conflict tasks: Empirical clarification through distributional analyses. In W. Prinz & B. Hommel (Eds.), Attention and performance XIX: Common mechanisms in perception and action (pp. 494–519). Oxford University Press.
- Riggs, K. J., Mctaggart, J., Simpson, A., & Freeman, R. P. (2006). Changes in the capacity of visual working memory in 5- to 10-year-olds. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 95(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2006.03.009
- Roelofs, A. (1992). A spreading-activation theory of lemma retrieval in speaking. Cognition, 42(1-3), 107–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(92)90041-F
- Roelofs, A. (2008). Tracing attention and the activation flow of spoken word planning using eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34(2), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.34.2.353
- Roelofs, A., Meyer, A. S., & Levelt, W. J. M. (1996). Interaction between semantic and orthographic factors in conceptually driven naming: Comment of starreveld and LaHeij (1995). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22(1), 246–251. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.22.1.246
- Rossion, B., & Pourtois, G. (2004). Revisiting snodgrass and vanderwart’s object pictorial set: The role of surface detail in basic-level object recognition. Perception, 33(2), 217–236. https://doi.org/10.1068/p5117
- Sadat, J., Martin, C. D., Costa, A., & Alario, F.-X. (2014). Reconciling phonological neighborhood effects in speech production through single trial analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 68, 33–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2013.10.001
- Schneider, W., & Bjorklund, D. F. (1998). Memory. In W. Damon, D. Kuhn, & R. S. Siegler (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology/Vol. 2, cognitive, language, and perceptual development (5th ed., pp. 467–521). Wiley.
- Schriefers, H., Meyer, A. S., & Levelt, W. J. (1990). Exploring the time course of lexical access in language production: Picture-word interference studies. Journal of Memory and Language, 29(1), 86–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(90)90011-N
- Schriefers, H., & Vigliocco, G. (2015). Speech production, psychology of. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 255–258). Elsevier.
- Schwartz, M. F., Dell, G. S., Martin, N., Gahl, S., & Sobel, P. (2006). A case-series test of the interactive two step model of lexical access: Evidence from picture naming. Journal of Memory and Language, 54(2), 228–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2005.10.001
- Shipley, K. G., & McAfee, J. G. (2015). Assessment in speech-language pathology: A resource manual (5th Ed.). Cengage Learning.
- Sieger-Gardner, L., & Schwartz, R. G. (2008). Lexical access in children with and without specific language impairment: A cross–model picture–word interference study. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 43(5), 528–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/13682820701768581
- Simmering, V. R. (2012). The development of visual working memory capacity during early childhood. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 111(4), 695–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2011.10.007
- Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6(2), 174–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.6.2.174
- Spieler, D. H., & Griffin, Z. M. (2006). The influence of age on the time course of word preparation in multiword utterances. Language and Cognitive Processes, 21(1-3), 291–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960400002133
- Stafford, T., & Gurney, K. N. (2011). Additive factors do not imply discrete processing stages: A worked example using models of the stroop task. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, Article 287. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00287
- Starreveld, P. A. (2000). On the interpretation of onsets of auditory context effects in word production. Journal of Memory and Language, 42(4), 497–525. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1999.2693
- Starreveld, P. A., & La Heij, W. (1995). Semantic interference, orthographic facilitation, and their interaction in naming tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(3), 686–698. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.3.686
- Staub, A. (2010). Response time distributional evidence for distinct varieties of number attraction. Cognition, 114(3), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.11.003
- Stemberger, J. P. (1983). Inflectional malapropisms: Form based errors in English morphology. Linguistics, 21, 573–602. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.1983.21.4.573
- Sternberg, S. (1969). The discovery of processing stages: Extensions of donders’ method. Acta Psychologica, 30, 276–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(69)90055-9
- Sternberg, S. (1984). Stage models of mental processing and the additive-factor method. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7(1), 55–94. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00026285
- Sternberg, S. (1998). Discovering mental processing stages: The method of additive factors. In D. Scarborough & S. Sternberg (Eds.), An invitation to cognitive science: Methods, models, and conceptual issues (Vol. 4, pp. 703–863). MIT Press.
- Sternberg, S. (2001). Separate modifiability, mental modules, and the use of pure and composite measures to reveal them. Acta Psychologica, 106(1–2), 147–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(00)00045-7
- Strijkers, K., Costa, A., & Thierry, G. (2010). Tracking lexical access in speech production: Electrophysiological correlates of word frequency and cognate effects. Cerebral Cortex, 20(4), 912–928. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp153
- Sylvia, L. (2017). Lexical access in children with specific language impairment and deficits in auditory processing. [Doctoral dissertation, City University of New York]. CUNY Academic Works.
- Székely, A., D’Amico, S., Devescovi, A., Federmeier, K., Herron, D., Iyer, G., Jacobsen, T., Arévalo, A., & Bates, E. (2003). Timed picture naming: Extended norms and validation against previous studies. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35(4), 621–633. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195542
- Székely, A., D’Amico, S., Devescovi, A., Federmeier, K., Herron, D., Iyer, G., Jacobsen, T., Arévalo, A., Vargha, A., & Bates, E. (2005). Timed action and object naming. Cortex, 41(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70174-6
- Thomas, R. D. (2006). Processing time predictions of current models of perception in the classic additive factors paradigm. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 50(5), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2006.05.006
- Tincoff, R., & Juscyzk, P. W. (1999). Some beginnings of word comprehension in 6-month-olds. Psychological Science, 10(2), 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00127
- Tincoff, R., & Juscyzk, P. W. (2011). Six-month-olds comprehend words that refer to parts of the body. Infancy, 17(4), 432–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2011.00084.x
- Vigliocco, G., Vinson, D. P., Lewis, W., & Garrett, M. (2004). Representing the meanings of object and action words: The featural and unitary semantic space hypothesis. Cognitive Psychology, 48(4), 422–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2003.09.001
- Vincent, S. B. (1912). The function of the viborissae in the behavior of the white rat. Behavioral Monographs, 1(5), 81.
- Vurpillot, E., & Ball, W. A. (1979). The concept of identity and children’s selective attention. In G. A. Hale & M. Lewis (Eds.), Attention and cognitive development (pp. 23–42). Plenum.
- Werker, J. F., Fennel, C. T., Corcoran, K. M., & Stager, C. L. (2002). Infants’ ability to learn phonetically similar words: Effects of age and vocabulary size. Infancy, 3(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327078IN0301_1
- Zangl, R., Klarman, L., Thal, D., Fernald, A., & Bates, E. (2005). Dynamics of word comprehension in infancy: Developments in timing, accuracy, and resistance to acoustic degradation. Journal of Cognition and Development, 6(2), 179–208. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327647jcd0602_2
- Zareva, A., Schwanenflugel, P., & Nikolova, Y. (2005). Relationship between lexical competence and language proficiency: Variable sensitivity. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27(4), 567–596. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263105050254
- Zevin, J. D., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2002). Age of acquisition effects in word Reading and other tasks. Journal of Memory and Language, 47(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.2001.2834
- Zhang, H., Carlson, M. T., & Diaz, M. T. (2020). Investigating effects of phonological neighbors on word retrieval and phonetic variation in word naming and picture naming paradigms. Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, 35(8), 980–991. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2019.1686529
- Zhang, Q., Zhu, X., & Damian, M. (2018). Phonological activation of category coordinates in spoken word production: Evidence for cascaded processing in English but not in mandarin. Applied Psycholinguistics, 39(5), 835–860. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716418000024