613
Views
59
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Embedded Performance Validity Measures with Postdeployment Veterans: Cross-Validation and Efficiency with Multiple Measures

, , , &

REFERENCES

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Armistead-Jehle, P. (2010). Symptom validity test performance in U.S. veterans referred for evaluation of mild TBI. Applied Neuropsychology, 17, 52–59. doi:10.1080/09084280903526182
  • Arnold, G., Boone, K. B., Lu, P., Dean, A., Wen, J., Nitch, S. & McPherson, S. (2005). Sensitivity and specificity of Finger Tapping Test scores for the detection of suspect effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 105–120. doi:10.1080/13854040490888567
  • Ashendorf, L., O’Bryant, S. E., & McCaffrey, R. J. (2003). Specificity of malingering detection strategies in older adults using the CVLT and WCST. The Clinical Neuropsychologist (Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition: Section D), 17, 255–262. doi:10.1076/clin.17.2.255.16502
  • Benedict, R. H. B. (1997). Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised: Professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Berry, D. T. R., & Schipper, L. J. (2008). Assessment of feigned cognitive impairment using standardized neuropsychological tests. In. R. Rogers (Ed.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (3rd ed., pp. 237–252). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Berthelson, L., Mulchan, S. S., Odland, A. P., Miller, L. J., & Mittenberg, W. (2013). False positive diagnosis of malingering due to the use of multiple effort tests. Brain Injury, 27, 909–916. doi:10.3109/02699052.2013.793400
  • Boone, K. B. (2009). The need for continuous and comprehensive sampling of effort/response bias during neuropsychological examinations. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 729–741. doi:10.1080/13854040802427803
  • Boone, K. B., Lu, P., & Wen, J. (2005). Comparison of various RAVLT scores in the detection of noncredible memory performance. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 301–319. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2004.08.001
  • Bush, S., Ruff, R., Troster, A., Barth, J., Koffler, S., Pliskin, N., … Silver, C. (2005). Symptom validity assessment: Practice issues and medical necessity. NAN Policy & Planning Committee. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 419–426. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2005.02.002
  • Busse, M., & Whiteside, D. (2012). Detecting suboptimal cognitive effort: Classification accuracy of the Conner’s Continuous Performance Test-II, Brief Test of Attention, and Trail Making Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 26, 675–687. doi:10.1080/13854046.2012.679623
  • Campbell, T. A., Nelson, L. A., Lumpkin, R., Yoash-Gantz, R. E., Pickett, T. C., & McCormick, C. L. (2009). Neuropsychological measures of processing speed and executive functioning in combat veterans with PTSD, TBI, and comorbid TBI/PTSD. Psychiatric Annals, 39, 796–803. doi:10.3928/00485713–20090728-01
  • Carone, D. A. (2014). Young child with severe brain volume loss easily passes the Word Memory Tests and Medical Symptom Validity Test: Implications for mild TBI. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28, 146–162. doi:10.1080/13854046.2013.861019
  • Clark, A. L., Amick, M. M., Fortier, C., Milberg, W. P., & McGlinchey, R. E. (2014). Poor performance validity predicts clinical characteristics and cognitive test performance of OEF/OIF/OND veterans in a research setting. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28, 802–825. doi:10.1080/13854046.2014.904928
  • Conners, C. K., & Multi-Health Systems (MHS) Staff. (2004). Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II (CPT II) for Windows: Technical and software manual. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
  • Davis, J. J., & Millis, S. R. (2014). Examination of performance validity test failure in relation to number of tests administered. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28, 199–214. doi:10.1080/13854046.2014.884633
  • Dedert, E. A., Green, K. T., Calhoun, P. S., Yoash-Gantz, R., Taber, K. H., Mumford, M. M., … Beckham, J. C. (2009). Association of trauma exposure with psychiatric morbidity in military veterans who have served since September 11, 2001. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 830–836. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.01.004
  • Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (2000). California Verbal Learning Test (2nd ed., Adult Version): Manual. Bloomington, MN: NCS Pearson.
  • Denning, J. H. (2012). The efficiency and accuracy of the Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1, errors on the first 10 items of the Test of Memory Malingering, and five embedded measures in predicting invalid test performance. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, 417–432. doi:10.1093/arclin/acs044
  • First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1997). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition (SCID-I/P). New York, NY: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
  • Gfeller, J. D., & Roskos, P. T. (2013). A comparison of insufficient effort rates, neuropsychological functioning, and neuropsychiatric symptom reporting in military veterans and civilians with chronic traumatic brain injury. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 31, 833–849. doi:10.1002/bsl.2084
  • Golden, C. J., & Freshwater, S. M. (2002). Stroop Color and Word Test: A manual for clinical and experimental uses. Wood Dale, IL: Stoelting.
  • Green, P. (2005). Green’s Word Memory Test for Windows user’s manual. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Green’s Publishing.
  • Green, P., Flaro, L., & Courtney, J. (2009). Examining false positives on the Word Memory Test in adults with mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 23, 741–750. doi:10.1080/02699050903133962
  • Green, P., Lees-Haley, P. R., & Allen, L. M. (2003). The Word Memory Test and the validity of neuropsychological test scores. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 2, 97–124. doi:10.1300/j151v02n03_05
  • Greve, K. W. (2001). The WCST-64: A standardized short-form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 15, 228–234. doi:10.1076/clin.15.2.228.1901
  • Greve, K. W., Heinly, M. T., Bianchini, K. J., & Love, J. M. (2009). Malingering detection with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in mild traumatic brain injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 343–362. doi:10.1080/13854040802054169
  • Heaton, R. K. (1981). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Heilbronner, R., Sweet, J., Morgan, J., Larrabee, G., Millis, S., & Conference Participants. (2009). American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology consensus conference statement on the neuropsychological assessment of effort, response bias, and malingering. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 1093–1129. doi:10.1080/13854040903155063
  • Larrabee, G. J. (2003). Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests. The Clinical Neuropsychologist (Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition: Section D), 17, 410–425. doi:10.1076/clin.17.3.410.18089
  • Larrabee, G. J. (2008). Aggregation across multiple indicators improves the detection of malingering: Relationship to likelihood ratios. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 666–679. doi:10.1080/13854040701494987
  • Larrabee, G. J. (2014). False-positive rates associated with the use of multiple performance and symptom validity tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 29, 364–373. doi:10.1093/arclin/acu019
  • Lu, P. H., Boone, K. B., Cozolino, L., & Mitchell, C. (2003). Effectiveness of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and the Meyers and Meyers Recognition Trial in the detection of suspect effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 426–440. doi:10.1076/clin.17.3.426.18083
  • Lu, P. H., Rogers, S. A., & Boone, K. B. (2007). Use of standard memory tests to detect suspect effort. In K. B. Boone (Ed.), Assessment of feigned cognitive impairment: A neuropsychological approach (pp. 128–151). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • McCormick, C. L., Yoash-Gantz, R. E., McDonald, S. D., Campbell, T. C., & Tupler, L. A. (2013). Performance on the Green Word Memory Test following Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom-era military service: Test failure is related to evaluation context. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28, 808–823. doi:10.1093/arclin/act050
  • Menon, D. K., Schwab, K., Wright, D. W., & Maas, A. I. (2010). Position statement: Definition of traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91, 1637–1640. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.05.017
  • Merten, T., & Merckelbach, H. (2013). Symptom validity testing in somatoform and dissociative disorders: A critical review. Psychological Injury and Law, 6, 122–137. doi:10.1007/s12207–013-9155-x
  • Meyers, J. E., & Meyers, K. R. (1995). Rey Complex Figure Test and Recognition Trial: Professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Meyers, J. E., Miller, R. M., Thompson, L. M., Scalese, A. M., Allred, B. C., Rupp, Z. W., … Lee, A. J. (2014). Using likelihood ratios to detect invalid performance with performance validity measures. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 29, 224–235. doi:10.1093/arclin/acu001
  • Mittenberg, W., Patton, C., Canyock, E. M., & Condit, D. C. (2002). Base rates of malingering and symptom exaggeration. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, 1094–1102.
  • Moore, B. A., & Donders, J. (2004). Predictors of invalid neuropsychological test performance after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 18, 975–984. doi:10.1080/02699050410001672350
  • Nelson, N. W., Hoelzle, J. B., McGuire, K. A., Ferrier-Auerbach, A. G., Charlesworth, M. J., & Sponheim, S. R. (2010). Evaluation context impacts neuropsychological performance of OEF/OIF veterans with reported combat-related concussion. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25, 713–723. doi:10.1093/arclin/acq075
  • Pearson. (2009). Advanced Clinical Solutions for the WAIS-IV and WMS-IV: Administration and scoring manual. San Antonio, TX: Author.
  • Reedy, S. D., Boone, K. B., Cottingham, M. E., Glaser, D. F., Lu, P. H., Victor, T. L., … Wright, M. J. (2013). Cross validation of the Lu and colleagues (2003) Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test effort equation in a large known-group sample. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28, 30–37. doi:10.1093/arclin/acs106
  • Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1985). The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and clinical interpretation. Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press.
  • Root, J. C., Robbins, R. N., Chang, L., & van Gorp, W. G. (2006). Detection of inadequate effort on the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition: Forced Choice Recognition and critical item analysis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 688–696.
  • Russo, A. C. (2012). Symptom validity test performance and consistency of self-reported memory functioning of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans with positive Veteran Health Administration comprehensive traumatic brain injury evaluations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, 840–848. doi:10.1093/arclin/acs090
  • Schroeder, R. W., Twumasi-Ankrah, P., Baade, L. E., & Marshall, P. S. (2012). Reliable Digit Span: A systematic review and cross-validation study. Assessment, 19, 21–30. doi:10.1177/1073191111428764
  • Schutte, C., Millis, S., Axelrod, B., & VanDyke, S. (2011). Derivation of a composite measure of embedded symptom validity indices. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 25, 454–462. doi:10.1080/13854046.2010.550635
  • Sharland, M., & Gfeller, J. (2007). A survey of neuropsychologists’ beliefs and practices with respect to the assessment of effort. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22, 213–223. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2006.12.004
  • Slick, D. J., Sherman, E. M. S., & Iverson, G. L. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research. The Clinical Neuropsychologist (Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition: Section D), 13, 545–561. doi:10.1076/1385–4046(199911)13:04;1-y;ft545
  • Sollman, M. J., & Berry, D. T. R. (2011). Detection of inadequate effort on neuropsychological testing: A meta-analytic update and extension. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 26, 774–789. doi:10.1093/arclin/acr066
  • Sweet, J. J., King, J. H., Malina, A. C., Bergman, M. A., & Simmons, A. (2002). Documenting the prominence of forensic neuropsychology at national meetings and in relevant professional journals from 1990 to 2000. The Clinical Neuropsychologist (Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition: Section D), 16, 481–494. doi:10.1076/clin.16.4.481.13914
  • Victor, T. L., Boone, K. B., Serpa, J. G., Buehler, J., & Ziegler, E. A. (2009). Interpreting the meaning of multiple symptom validity test failure. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 297–313. doi:10.1080/13854040802232682
  • Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III: Administration and scoring manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • Wechsler, D. (2009). Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
  • Whitney, K., Davis, J., Shepard, P., & Herman, S. (2008). Utility of the Response Bias Scale and other MMPI-2 validity scales in predicting TOMM performance. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23, 777–786. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2008.09.001

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.