362
Views
31
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Utility of critical items within the Recognition Memory Test and Word Choice Test

, , , , , , & show all

References

  • Arnold, G., Boone, K. B., Lu, P., Dean, A., Wen, J., Nitch, S., & McPhearson, S. (2005). Sensitivity and specificity of finger tapping test scores for the detection of suspect effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19(1), 105–120. doi:10.1080/13854040490888567
  • Axelrod, B. N., Fichteberg, N. L., Millis, S. R., & Wertheimer, J. C. (2006). Detecting incomplete effort with digit span from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 10, 513–523. doi:10.1080/13854040590967117
  • Axelrod, B. N., Meyers, J. E., & Davis, J. J. (2014). Finger tapping test performance as a measure of performance validity. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28(5), 876–888. doi:10.1080/13854046.2014.907583
  • Barhon, L. I., Batchelor, J., Meares, S., Chekaluk, E., & Shores, E. A. (2015). A comparison of the degree of effort involved in the TOMM and the ACS word choice test using a dual-task paradigm. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 22(2), 114–123.
  • Bauer, L., O’Bryant, S. E., Lynch, J. K., McCaffrey, R. J., & Fisher, J. M. (2007). Examining the test of memory malingering trial 1 and word memory test immediate recognition as screening tools for insufficient effort. Assessment, 14(3), 215–222. doi:10.1177/1073191106297617
  • Bauer, L., Yantz, C. L., Ryan, L. M., Warned, D. L., & McCaffrey, R. J. (2005). An examination of the California verbal learning test II to detect incomplete effort in a traumatic brain injury sample. Applied Neuropsychology, 12(4), 202–207. doi:10.1207/s15324826an1204_3
  • Berry, D. T. R., Adams, J. J., Clark, C. D., Thacker, S. R., Burger, T. L., Wetter, M. W., Baer, R. A., & Borden, J. W. (1996). Detection of a cry for help on the MMPI-2: An analog investigation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67(1), 26–36.
  • Bigler, E. D. (2012). Symptom validity testing, effort and neuropsychological assessment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18, 632–642. doi:10.1017/s1355617712000252
  • Bigler, E. D. (2015). Neuroimaging as a biomarker in symptom validity and performance validity testing. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 9(3), 421–444. doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9409-1
  • Bilker, W. B., Wierzbicki, M. R., Brensinger, C. M., Gur, R. E., & Gur, R. C. (2014). Development of abbreviated eight-item form of the Penn verbal reasoning test. Assessment, 21, 669–678. doi:10.1177/1073191114524270
  • Blaskewitz, N., Merten, T., & Brockhaus, R. (2009). Detection of suboptimal effort with the Rey complex figure test and recognition trial. Applied Neuropsychology, 16, 54–61. doi:10.1080/09084280802644227
  • Boone, K. B. (2007). Assessment of feigned cognitive impairment. A neuropsychological perspective. New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Boone, K. B. (2009). The need for continuous and comprehensive sampling of effort/response bias during neuropsychological examination. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23(4), 729–741. doi:10.1080/13854040802427803
  • Boone, K. B. (2013). Clinical practice of forensic neuropsychology. New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Boone, K. B., Salazar, X., Lu, P., Warner-Chacon, K., & Razani, J. (2002). The Rey 15-item recognition trial: A technique to enhance sensitivity of the Rey 15-item memorization test. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24(5), 561–573.
  • Bortnik, K. E., Boone, K. B., Marion, S. D., Amano, S., Ziegler, E., Victor, T. L., & Zeller, M. A. (2010). Examination of various WMS-III logical memory scores in the assessment of response bias. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24(2), 344–357. doi:10.1080/13854040903307268
  • Bush, S. S., Heilbronner, R. L., & Ruff, R. M. (2014). Psychological assessment of symptom and performance validity, response bias, and malingering: Official position of the association for scientific advancement in psychological injury and law. Psychological Injury and Law, 7(3), 197–205. doi:10.1007/s12207-014-9198-7
  • Chafetz, M. D., Williams, M. A., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Bianchini, K. J., Boone, K. B., Kirkwood, M. W., … Ord, J. S. (2015). Official position of the American academy of clinical neuropsychology social security administration policy on validity testing: Guidance and recommendations for change. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 29(6), 723–740. doi:10.1080/13854046.2015.1099738
  • Curtis, K. L., Thompson, L. K., Greve, K. W., & Bianchini, K. J. (2008). Verbal fluency indicators of malingering in traumatic brain injury: Classification accuracy in known groups. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 930–945. doi:10.1080/13854040701563591
  • Davis, J. J. (2014). Further consideration of advanced clinical solutions word choice: Comparison to the recognition memory test – Words and classification accuracy on a clinical sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28(8), 1278–1294. doi:10.1080/13854046.2014.975844
  • Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (2000). California Verbal Learning Test – Second Edition, Adult Version, manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • Denning, J. H. (2012). The efficiency and accuracy of the test of memory malingering trial 1, errors on the first 10 items of the test of memory malingering, and five embedded measures in predicting invalid test performance. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27(4), 417–432. doi:10.1093/arclin/acs044
  • Embretson, S. E. (1996). The new rules of measurement. Psychological Assessment, 8(4), 341.
  • Erdodi, L. A., Abeare, C. A., Lichtenstein, J. D., Tyson, B. T., Kucharski, B., Zuccato, B. G., & Roth, R. M. (2017). WAIS-IV processing speed scores as measures of non-credible responding–The third generation of embedded performance validity indicators. Psychological Assessment, 29(2), 148–157. doi:10.1037/pas0000319
  • Erdodi, L. A., Jongsma, K. A., & Issa, M. (2017). The 15-item version of the Boston naming test as an index of English proficiency. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 31(1), 168–178.
  • Erdodi, L. A., Kirsch, N. L., Lajiness-O’Neill, R., Vingilis, E., & Medoff, B. (2014). Comparing the recognition memory test and the word choice test in a mixed clinical sample: Are they equivalent? Psychological Injury and Law, 7(3), 255–263. doi:10.1007/s12207-014-9197-8
  • Erdodi, L. A., Pelletier, C. L., & Roth, R. M. (2016). Elevations on select Conners’ CPT-II scales indicate noncredible responding in adults with traumatic brain injury. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 1–10. doi:10.1080/23279095.2016.1232262 [Advance online publication]
  • Erdodi, L. A., & Roth, R. M. (2016). Low scores on BDAE complex ideational material are associated with invalid performance in adults without aphasia. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 1–11. doi:10.1080/23279095.2016.1154856 [Advance online publication]
  • Erdodi, L. A., Roth, R. M., Kirsch, N. L., Lajiness-O’Neill, R., & Medoff, B. (2014). Aggregating validity indicators embedded in Conners’ CPT-II outperforms individual cutoffs at separating valid from invalid performance in adults with traumatic brain injury. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 29(5), 456–466. doi:10.1093/arclin/acu026
  • Erdodi, L. A., Tyson, B. T., Abeare, C. A., Lichtenstein, J. D., Pelletier, C. L., Rai, J. K., & Roth, R. M. (2016). The BDAE complex ideational material – A measure of receptive language or performance validity? Psychological Injury and Law, 9, 112–120. doi:10.1007/s12207-016-9254-6
  • Erdodi, L. A., Tyson, B. T., Shahein, A., Lichtenstein, J. D., Abeare, C. A., Pelletiere, C. L., … Roth, R. M. (2017). The power of timing: Adding a time-to-completion cutoff to the Word Choice Test and Recognition Memory Test improves classification accuracy. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 39(4), 369–383. doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1230181 [Advance online publication]
  • Etherton, J. L., Bianchini, K. J., Heinly, M. T., & Greve, K. W. (2006). Pain, malingering, and performance on the WAIS-III processing speed index. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 28, 1218–1237. doi:10.1080/13803390500346595
  • Fazio, R. L., Denning, J. H., & Denney, R. L. (2017). TOMM Trial 1 as a performance validity indicator in a criminal forensic sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 31(1): 251–267.
  • Greiffenstein, M. F., Baker, W. J., & Gola, T. (1994). Validation of malingered amnesia measures with a large clinical sample. Psychological Assessment, 6, 218–224. doi:10.1037//1040-3590.6.3.218
  • Greve, K. W., & Bianchini, K. J. (2004). Setting empirical cutoffs on psychometric indicators of negative response bias: A methodological commentary with recommendation. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 533–541.
  • Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., Mathias, C. W., Houston, R. J., & Crouch, J. A. (2002). Detecting malingered neurocognitive dysfunction with the wisconsin card sorting test: A preliminary investigation in traumatic brain injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 16(2), 179–191.
  • Greve, K. W., Curtis, K. L., Bianchini, K. J., & Ord, J. S. (2009). Are the original and second edition of the California verbal learning test equally accurate in detecting malingering? Assessment, 16(3), 237–248.
  • Grimes, D. A., & Schulz, K. F. (2005). Refining clinical diagnosis with likelihood ratios. The Lancet, 365(9469), 1500–1505. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66422-7
  • Hayward, L., Hall, W., Hunt, M., & Zubrick, S. R. (1987). Can localized brain impairment be simulated on neuropsychological test profiles? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 21, 87–93. doi:10.3109/00048678709160904
  • Heaton, R. K., Miller, S. W., Taylor, M. J., & Grant, I. (2004). Revised comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan battery: Demographically adjusted neuropsychological norms for African American and Caucasian adults. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Heinly, M. T., Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K., Love, J. M., & Brennan, A. (2005). WAIS digit-span-based indicators of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Classification accuracy in traumatic brain injury. Assessment, 12(4), 429–444.
  • Hilsabeck, R. C., Gordon, S. N., Hietpas-Wilson, T., & Zartman, A. L. (2011). Use of trial 1 of the test of memory malingering (TOMM) as a screening measure of effort: Suggested discontinuation rules. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 25(7), 1228–1238. doi:10.1080/13854046.2011.589409
  • Horner, M. D., Bedwell, J. S., & Duong, A. (2006). Abbreviated form of the test of memory malingering. International Journal of Neuroscience, 116, 1181–1186. doi:10.1080/00207450500514029
  • Iverson, G. I., & Binder, L. M. (2000). Detecting exaggeration and malingering in neuropsychological assessment. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 15(2), 829–858. doi:10.1097/00001199-200004000-00006
  • Iverson, G. L., & Franzen, M. D. (1994). The recognition memory test, digit span, and Knox cube test as markers of malingered memory impairment. Assessment, 1(4), 323–334.
  • Jones, A. (2013). Test of memory malingering: Cutoff scores for psychometrically defined malingering groups in a military sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 27(6), 1043–1059. doi:10.1080/13854046.2013.804949
  • Killgore, W. D., & DellaPietra, L. (2000). Using the WMS-III to detect malingering: Empirical validation of the rarely missed index (RMI). Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22(6), 761–771. doi:10.1076/jcen.22.6.761.960
  • Kim, M. S., Boone, K. B., Victor, T., Marion, S. D., Amano, S., Cottingham, M. E., … Zeller, M. A. (2010). The Warrington recognition memory test for words as a measure of response bias: Total score and response time cutoffs developed on “real world” credible and noncredible subjects. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25, 60–70. doi:10.1093/arclin/acp088
  • Kim, N., Boone, K. B., Victor, T., Lu, P., Keatinge, C., & Mitchell, C. (2010). Sensitivity and specificity of a digit symbol recognition trial in the identification of response bias. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25, 420–428.
  • Kulas, J. F., Axelrod, B. N., & Rinaldi, A. R. (2014). Cross-validation of supplemental test of memory malingering scores as performance validity measures. Psychological Injury and Law, 7(3), 236–244. doi:10.1007/s12207-014-9200-4
  • Lange, R. T., Iverson, G. L., Brickell, T. A., Staver, T., Pancholi, S., Bhagwat, A., & French, L. M. (2013). Clinical utility of the Conners’ continuous performance test-II to detect poor effort in U.S. military personnel following traumatic brain injury. Psychological Assessment, 25(2), 339–352. doi:10.1037/a0030915
  • Larrabee, G. J. (2003). Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17(3), 410–425. doi:10.1076/clin.17.3.410.18089
  • Larrabee, G. J. (2012). Assessment of malingering. In G. J. Larrabee (Ed.), Forensic neuropsychology: A scientific approach (pp. 117–159) (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Larrabee, G. J. (2014). False-positive rates associated with the use of multiple performance and symptom validity tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 29, 364–373. doi:10.1093/arclin/acu019
  • Lezak, M. D. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Lichtenstein, J. D., Erdodi, L. A., & Linnea, K. S. (2017). Introducing a forced-choice recognition task to the California Verbal Learning Test–Children’s Version. Child Neuropsychology, 23(3): 284–299. doi:10.1080/09297049.2015.1135422
  • Lichtenstein, J. D., Erdodi, L. A., Rai, J. K., Mazur-Mosiewicz, A., & Flaro, L. (2016). Wisconsin card sorting test embedded validity indicators developed for adults can be extended to children. Child Neuropsychology, 1–14. doi:10.1080/09297049.2016.1259402 [Advance online publication]
  • Lu, P. H., Boone, K. B., Cozolino, L., & Mitchell, C. (2003). Effectiveness of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test and the Meyers and Meyers recognition trial in the detection of suspect effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17(3), 426–440.
  • Miller, J. B., Millis, S. R., Rapport, L. J., Bashem, J. R., Hanks, R. A., & Axelrod, B. N. (2011). Detection of insufficient effort using the advanced clinical solutions for the Wechsler Memory scale. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 25(1), 160–172. doi:10.1080/13854046.2010.533197
  • Morris, J. C., Heyman, A., Mohs, R. C., Hughes, J. P., van Belle, G., Fillenbaum, G., … Clark, C. (1989). The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 39(9), 1159–1165.
  • Nelson, N. W., Boone, K., Dueck, A., Wagener, L., Lu, P., & Grills, C. (2003). The relationship between eight measures of suspect effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17(2), 263–272. doi:10.1076/clin.17.2.263.16511
  • O’Bryant, S. E., Engel, L. R., Kleiner, J. S., Vasterling, J. J., & Black, F. W. (2007). Test of memory malingering (TOMM) trial 1 as a screening measure for insufficient effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 21, 511–521.
  • Ord, J. S., Boettcher, A. C., Greve, K. J., & Bianchini, K. J. (2010). Detection of malingering in mild traumatic brain injury with the Conners’ Continuous performance test-II. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 32(4), 380–387. doi:10.1080/13803390903066881
  • Pearson. (2009). Advanced clinical solutions for the WAIS-IV and WMS-IV – Technical manual. San Antonio, TX: Author.
  • Randolph, C. (1998). Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): Manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • Reedy, S. D., Boone, K. B., Cottingham, M. E., Glaser, D. F., Lu, P. H., Victor, T. L., … Wright, M. J. (2013). Cross validation of the Lu and colleagues (2003) Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test effort equation in a large known-group sample. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28, 30–37. doi:10.1093/arclin/acs106
  • Slick, D. J., Sherman, E. M. S., & Iverson, G. L. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13(4), 545–561. doi:10.1076/1385-4046(199911)13:04;1-y;ft545
  • Spencer, R. J., Axelrod, B. N., Drag, L. L., Waldron-Perrine, B., Pangilinan, P. H., & Bieliauskas, L. A. (2013). WAIS-IV reliable digit span is no more accurate than age corrected scaled score as an indicator of invalid performance in a veteran sample undergoing evaluation for mTBI. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 27(8), 1362–1372. doi:10.1080/13854046.2013.845248
  • Sugarman, M. A., & Axelrod, B. N. (2015). Embedded measures of performance validity using verbal fluency tests in a clinical sample. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 22(2), 141–146.
  • Suhr, J. A., & Boyer, D. (1999). Use of the Wisconsin card sorting test in the detection of malingering in student simulator and patient samples. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, 21(5), 701–708.
  • Tombaugh, T. N. (1996). Test of Memory Malingering. New York, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
  • Trueblood, W. (1994). Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of malingered and other invalid WAIS-R and clinical memory data. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14(4), 697–607. doi:10.1080/01688639408402671
  • Warrington, E. K. (1984). Recognition Memory Test manual. Berkshire, UK: NFERNelson.
  • Wisdom, N. M., Brown, W. L., Chen, D. K., & Collins, R. L. (2012). The use of all three tests of memory malingering trials in establishing the level of effort. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, 208–212. doi:10.1093/arclin/acr107
  • Wolfe, P. L., Millis, S. R., Hanks, R., Fichtenberg, N., Larrabee, G. J., & Sweet, J. J. (2010). Effort indicators within the California verbal learning test-II (CVLT-II). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24(1), 153–168. doi:10.1080/13854040903107791

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.