18
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Associations of cognitive impairment and functional limitation with all-cause mortality risk in older adults: A population-based study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

, , &

References

  • Albers, M. W., Gilmore, G. C., Kaye, J., Murphy, C., Wingfield, A., Bennett, D. A., Boxer, A. L., Buchman, A. S., Cruickshanks, K. J., Devanand, D. P., Duffy, C. J., Gall, C. M., Gates, G. A., Granholm, A.-C., Hensch, T., Holtzer, R., Hyman, B. T., Lin, F. R., McKee, A. C., … Zhang, L. I. (2015). At the interface of sensory and motor dysfunctions and Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 11(1), 70–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.514
  • Albert, M. S., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D., Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Fox, N. C., Gamst, A., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W. J., Petersen, R. C., Snyder, P. J., Carrillo, M. C., Thies, B., & Phelps, C. H. (2011). The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 7(3), 270–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008
  • An, J., Li, H., Tang, Z., Zheng, D., Guo, J., Liu, Y., Feng, W., Li, X., Wang, A., Liu, X., Tao, L., Hou, C., Zhang, F., Yang, X., Gao, Q., Wang, W., Guo, X., & Luo, Y. (2018). Cognitive impairment and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality over 20-year follow-up: Results from the BLSA. Journal of the American Heart Association, 7(15), e8252. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.008252
  • An, R., & Liu, G. G. (2016). Cognitive impairment and mortality among the oldest-old Chinese. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(12), 1345–1353. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4442
  • Arnau, A., Espaulella, J., Serrarols, M., Canudas, J., Formiga, F., & Ferrer, M. (2016). Risk factors for functional decline in a population aged 75 years and older without total dependence: A one-year follow-up. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 65, 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2016.04.002
  • Bassuk, S. S., Wypij, D., & Berkman, L. F. (2000). Cognitive impairment and mortality in the community-dwelling elderly. American Journal of Epidemiology, 151(7), 676–688. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010262
  • Benito-León, J., Contador, I., Mitchell, A. J., Domingo-Santos, Á., & Bermejo-Pareja, F. (2016). Performance on specific cognitive domains and cause of death: A prospective population-based study in non-demented older adults (NEDICES). Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease: JAD, 51(2), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-150875
  • Buchman, A. S., Boyle, P. A., Wilson, R. S., Beck, T. L., Kelly, J. F., & Bennett, D. A. (2009). Apolipoprotein E e4 allele is associated with more rapid motor decline in older persons. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 23(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1097/wad.0b013e31818877b5
  • Casas-Herrero, Á., Sáez, D. A. M., Antón-Rodrigo, I., Sánchez-Sánchez, J. L., Montero-Odasso, M., Marín-Epelde, I., Ramón-Espinoza, F., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Petidier-Torregrosa, R., Elexpuru-Estomba, J., Álvarez-Bustos, A., Galbete, A., Martínez-Velilla, N., & Izquierdo, M. (2022). Effects of Vivifrail multicomponent intervention on functional capacity: A multicentre, randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 13(2), 884–893. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12925
  • Chen, C., Li, X., Wang, J., Zhou, J., Wei, Y., Luo, Y., Xu, L., Liu, Z., Lv, Y., & Shi, X. (2023). Longitudinal changes of cognition and frailty with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Chinese older adults: An 11-year cohort study. Innovation in Aging, 7(9), igad114. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad114
  • Chun, C. T., Seward, K., Patterson, A., Melton, A., & MacDonald-Wicks, L. (2021). Evaluation of Available cognitive tools used to measure mild cognitive decline: A scoping review. Nutrients, 13(11), 3974.). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113974
  • Collard, R. M., Boter, H., Schoevers, R. A., & Oude, V. R. (2012). Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(8), 1487–1492. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x
  • Cosiano, M. F., Jannat-Khah, D., Lin, F. R., Goyal, P., McKee, M., & Sterling, M. R. (2020). Hearing loss and physical functioning among adults with heart failure: Data from NHANES. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 15, 635–643. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S246662
  • D, W. (1997). WAIS Manual. – Third Edition. Psychological Corporation.
  • Ensrud, K. E., Lui, L. Y., Paudel, M. L., Schousboe, J. T., Kats, A. M., Cauley, J. A., McCulloch, C. E., Yaffe, K., Cawthon, P. M., Hillier, T. A., & Taylor, B. C,. (2016). Effects of mobility and cognition on risk of mortality in women in late life: A prospective study. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 71(6), 759–765. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glv220
  • Figueiredo, C. S., Assis, M. G., Silva, S. L., Dias, R. C., & Mancini, M. C. (2013). Functional and cognitive changes in community-dwelling elderly: Longitudinal study. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 17(3), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-35552012005000094
  • Frith, E., Addoh, O., Mann, J. R., Windham, B. G., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2017). Individual and combined associations of cognitive and mobility limitations on mortality risk in older adults. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 92(10), 1494–1501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.06.019
  • Han, S., Gao, Y., & Gan, D. (2023). The combined associations of depression and cognitive impairment with functional disability and mortality in older adults: A population-based study from the NHANES 2011-2014. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 15, 1121190. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1121190
  • Hao, W., Li, J., Fu, P., Zhao, D., Jing, Z., Wang, Y., Yu, C., Yuan, Y., & Zhou, C. (2021). Physical frailty and health-related quality of life among Chinese rural older adults: A moderated mediation analysis of physical disability and physical activity. BMJ Open, 11(1), e42496. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042496
  • Hill, N. T., Mowszowski, L., Naismith, S. L., Chadwick, V. L., Valenzuela, M., & Lampit, A. (2017). Computerized cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(4), 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16030360
  • James, B. D., Leurgans, S. E., Hebert, L. E., Scherr, P. A., Yaffe, K., & Bennett, D. A. (2014). Contribution of Alzheimer disease to mortality in the United States. Neurology, 82(12), 1045–1050. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000240
  • Jia, L., Du, Y., Chu, L., Zhang, Z., Li, F., Lyu, D., Li, Y., Li, Y., Zhu, M., Jiao, H., Song, Y., Shi, Y., Zhang, H., Gong, M., Wei, C., Tang, Y., Fang, B., Guo, D., Wang, F., … Qiu, Q. (2020). Prevalence, risk factors, and management of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older in China: A cross-sectional study. The Lancet Public Health, 5(12), e661–e671. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30185-7
  • Jongsiriyanyong, S., & Limpawattana, P. (2018). Mild cognitive impairment in clinical practice: A review article. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 33(8), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317518791401
  • Jung, M., Smith, A. B., Giordani, B., Clark, D. G., Gradus-Pizlo, I., Wierenga, K. L., Lake, K. R., & Pressler, S. J. (2024). Computerized cognitive training and 24-month mortality in heart failure. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 39(2), E51–E58. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000001023
  • Kono, Y., Yamada, S., Iwatsu, K., Nitobe, S., Tanaka, Y., Shimizu, Y., Shinoda, N., Okumura, T., Hirashiki, A., & Murohara, T. (2012). Predictive value of functional limitation for disease severity in patients with mild chronic heart failure. Journal of Cardiology, 60(5), 411–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.07.009
  • Kuo, C. L., Lee, P. C., Ku, L. E., Sun, Y., Lu, T. H., Isfandiari, M. A., & Li, C. Y. (2023). Overall and cause-specific mortality in patients with dementia: A population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Epidemiology and Health, 45, e2023082. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023082
  • Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., & Katzmarzyk, P. T, (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet, 380(9838), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
  • Li, A., Chen, Y., Visser, A., Marks, L., & Tjakkes, G. E. (2022). Combined association of cognitive impairment and poor oral health on mortality risk in older adults: Results from the NHANES with 15 years of follow-up. Journal of Periodontology, 93(6), 888–900. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.21-0292
  • Lindbergh, C. A., Dishman, R. K., & Miller, L. S. (2016). Functional disability in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology Review, 26(2), 129–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-016-9321-5
  • Manly, J. J., Jones, R. N., Langa, K. M., Ryan, L. H., Levine, D. A., McCammon, R., Heeringa, S. G., & Weir, D. (2022). Estimating the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in the US: The 2016 health and retirement study harmonized cognitive assessment protocol project. JAMA Neurology, 79(12), 1242–1249. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.3543
  • Medina-Mirapeix, F., Bernabeu-Mora, R., Sánchez-Martínez, M. P., Montilla-Herrador, J., Bernabeu-Mora, M., & Escolar-Reina, P. (2018). Mobility limitations related to reduced pulmonary function among aging people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLOS One, 13(5), e196152. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196152
  • Meng, X., & D’Arcy, C. (2012). Education and dementia in the context of the cognitive reserve hypothesis: A systematic review with meta-analyses and qualitative analyses. PLOS One, 7(6), e38268.), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038268
  • Millán-Calenti, J. C., Tubío, J., Pita-Fernández, S., González-Abraldes, I., Lorenzo, T., Fernández-Arruty, T., & Maseda, A. (2010). Prevalence of functional disability in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and associated factors, as predictors of morbidity and mortality. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 50(3), 306–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2009.04.017
  • Motl, R. W., & McAuley, E. (2010). Physical activity, disability, and quality of life in older adults. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 21(2), 299–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2009.12.006
  • Nakagawa, K., Kanai, S., Kitakaze, S., & Okamura, H. (2023). Combining physical and cognitive functions to discriminate level of gait independence in hospitalized patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 52(4), 232–239. https://doi.org/10.1159/000531516
  • Nishita, Y., Tange, C., Tomida, M., Otsuka, R., Ando, F., & Shimokata, H. (2017). Cognitive abilities predict death during the next 15 years in older Japanese adults. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 17(10), 1654–1660. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12952
  • O’Donnell, M., Teo, K., Gao, P., Anderson, C., Sleight, P., Dans, A., Marzona, I., Bosch, J., Probstfield, J., & Yusuf, S. (2012). Cognitive impairment and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. European Heart Journal, 33(14), 1777–1786. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs053
  • Panza, F., Lozupone, M., Solfrizzi, V., Sardone, R., Dibello, V., Di Lena, L., D’Urso, F., Stallone, R., Petruzzi, M., Giannelli, G., Quaranta, N., Bellomo, A., Greco, A., Daniele, A., Seripa, D., & Logroscino, G. (2018). different cognitive frailty models and health- and cognitive-related outcomes in older age: From epidemiology to prevention. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 62(3), 993–1012. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170963
  • Park, J. E., Lee, J. Y., Suh, G. H., Kim, B. S., & Cho, M. J. (2014). Mortality rates and predictors in community-dwelling elderly individuals with cognitive impairment: An eight-year follow-up after initial assessment. International Psychogeriatrics, 26(8), 1295–1304. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610214000556
  • Parsons, V. L., Moriarity, C., Jonas, K., Moore, T. F., Davis, K. E., & Tompkins, L. (2014). Design and estimation for the national health interview survey, 2006–2015. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2, Data Evaluation and Methods Research, 2(165), 1–53.
  • Perna, L., Wahl, H. W., Mons, U., Saum, K. U., Holleczek, B., & Brenner, H. (2015). Cognitive impairment, all-cause and cause-specific mortality among non-demented older adults. Age and Ageing, 44(3), 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu188
  • Pessin, E., Fuchs, S. C., Bruscato, N. M., Fuchs, F. C., & Moriguchi, E. H. (2023). Mortality was predicted by depression and functional dependence in a cohort of elderly adults of Italian descent from southern Brazil. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 5448. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32617-1
  • Rebok, G. W., Huang, A., Smail, E., Brichko, R., Parisi, J. M., Marsiske, M., Roth, D. L., Thorpe, R. J., Jr, Felix, C., Jones, R. N., & Willis, S. L. (2022). Long-term effects of cognitive training on all-cause mortality in US older adults. Journal of Aging and Health, 34(6–8), 1135–1143. https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643221097681
  • Robertson, D. A., Savva, G. M., & Kenny, R. A. (2013). Frailty and cognitive impairment–a review of the evidence and causal mechanisms. Ageing Research Reviews, 12(4), 840–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2013.06.004
  • Rosano, C., Chang, Y. F., Kuller, L. H., Guralnik, J. M., Studenski, S. A., Aizenstein, H. J., Gianaros, P. J., Lopez, O. L., Longstreth, W. T., Jr., & Newman, A. B. (2013). Long-term survival in adults 65 years and older with white matter hyperintensity: Association with performance on the digit symbol substitution test. Psychosomatic Medicine, 75(7), 624–631. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31829c1df2
  • Rosano, C., Newman, A. B., Katz, R., Hirsch, C. H., & Kuller, L. H. (2008). Association between lower digit symbol substitution test score and slower gait and greater risk of mortality and of developing incident disability in well-functioning older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56(9), 1618–1625. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01856.x
  • Sachs, G. A., Carter, R., Holtz, L. R., Smith, F., Stump, T. E., Tu, W., & Callahan, C. M. (2011). Cognitive impairment: An independent predictor of excess mortality: A cohort study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155(5), 300–308. https://doi.org/10.7326/­0003-4819-155-5-201109060-00007
  • Todd, S., Barr, S., Roberts, M., & Passmore, A. P. (2013). Survival in dementia and predictors of mortality: a review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(11), 1109–1124. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.3946
  • Vassilaki, M., Cha, R. H., Aakre, J. A., Therneau, T. M., Geda, Y. E., Mielke, M. M., Knopman, D. S., Petersen, R. C., & Roberts, R. O. (2015). Mortality in mild cognitive impairment varies by subtype, sex, and lifestyle factors: the mayo clinic study of aging. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease: JAD, 45(4), 1237–1245. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-143078
  • Vossius, C., Bergh, S., Selbæk, G., Benth, J. Š., Myhre, J., Aakhus, E., & Lichtwarck, B. (2022). Mortality in nursing home residents stratified according to subtype of dementia: A longitudinal study over three years. BMC Geriatrics, 22(1), 282. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02994-9
  • Wilkins, C. H., Roe, C. M., Morris, J. C., & Galvin, J. E. (2013). Mild physical impairment predicts future diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(7), 1055–1059. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12255
  • Wu, L. W., Chen, W. L., Peng, T. C., Chiang, S. T., Yang, H. F., Sun, Y. S., Chan, J. Y., & Kao, T. W. (2016). All-cause mortality risk in elderly individuals with disabilities: A retrospective observational study. BMJ Open, 6(9), e11164. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011164
  • Wu, N. N., Tian, H., Chen, P., Wang, D., Ren, J., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Physical exercise and selective autophagy: Benefit and risk on cardiovascular health. Cells, 8(11), 1436. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8111436
  • Yu, L., Boyle, P. A., Leurgans, S. E., Wilson, R. S., Bennett, D. A., & Buchman, A. S. (2019). Incident mobility disability, mild cognitive impairment, and mortality in community-dwelling older adults. Neuroepidemiology, 53(1-2), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1159/000499334
  • Zheng, J., Liu, J., & An, R. (2016). Functional limitation and cognitive impairment among 80+ year old Chinese. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 35(4), 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12341
  • Zhu, Z., & Liao, H. (2020). Impact of cognitive impairment and systemic vascular comorbidities on risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2002. International Journal of Cardiology, 300, 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.11.131

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.