REFERENCES
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. (1999). AACE medical guidelines for clinical practice for management of menopause. Endocrine Practice, 5, 355–366.
- American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (1995). Health maintenance for the perimenopausal woman. (ACOG Technical Bulletin Number 210) Washington, DC: ACOG.
- American College of Physicians. (1992). Guidelines for counseling postmenopausal women about preventive hormone therapy. Annals of Internal Medicine, 117, 199–208.
- Banks, E., & Canfell, K. (2009). Hormone therapy risks and benefits—The Women's Health Initiative findings and the postmenopausal estrogen timing hypothesis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 170, 24–28.
- Baron, J., Holzman, G., & Schulkin, J. (1998). Attitudes of obstetricians and gynecologists toward hormone replacement therapy. Medical Decision Making, 18, 406–411.
- Borud, E., & White, A. (2010). A review of acupuncture for menopausal symptoms. Maturitas, 66, 131–134.
- British Menopause Society (2014, March 14). Menopause International re-launching as Post Reproductive Health. Press release. www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014–03/sp-mir031414.php
- Brody, J. (1997, Aug 28). Personal Health column, New York Times Health Section.
- Brooks, M. (2014, Aug 1). Top 100 most prescribed, top-selling drugs. Medscape. Retrieved from www.medscape.com/viewarticle/829246
- Bush, T. (1992). Feminine forever revisited: Menopausal hormone therapy in the 1990s. Journal of Women's Health, 1, 1–4.
- Chlebowski, R., Hendrix, S., Langer, R., Stefanick, M., Gass, M., Lane, D.,... & McTiernan, A. (2003). Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289, 3243–3253.
- Col, N., Eckman, M., Karas, R., Pauker, S., Goldberg, R., Ross, E.,... & Wong, J. (1997). Patient-specific decisions about hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 1140–1147.
- Coney, S. (1994). The menopause industry. Alameda, CA, USA: Hunter House.
- Corbelli, J., & Hess, R. (2012). Hormone therapy prescribing trends in the decade after the Women's Health Initiative: How patients and providers have found a way to sleep better at night. Menopause, 19, 600–601.
- Daley, J. (1999). Medical uncertainty and practice variation get personal: What should I do about hormone replacement therapy? Annals of Internal Medicine, 130, 602–604.
- Derry, P.S. (2004). Hormones, menopause, and heart disease: Making sense of the Women's Health Initiative. Women's Health Issues, 14, 212–219.
- Derry, P. (2008) Update on hormones, menopause, and heart disease: Evaluating professional responses to the Women's Health Initiative. Health Care for Women International, 29, 720–737.
- Derry, P. ( Sept., 2011). Developing a healthy stance towards perimenopausal and menopausal distress. Paper presented at the symposium on “Women, Power, and Aging,” New York, NY.
- Dunn, L., Damesyn, M., Moore, A., Reuben, D., & Greendale, G. (1997). Does estrogen prevent skin aging? Results from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (IMHANES I). Archives of Dermatology, 133, 339–342.
- Ettinger, B. (1998). Overview of estrogen replacement therapy: A historical perspective. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology in Medicine, 217, 2–5.
- Ettinger, B., Wang, S.M., Leslie, S., Patel, B., Boulware, M., Mann, M.,... & McBride, M. (2012). Evolution of postmenopausal hormone therapy between 2002 and 2009. Menopause, 19, 610–615.
- Fenton, A., & Panay, N. (2012). The Women's Health Initiative—A decade of progress. Climacteric, 15, 205.
- Federal Register. (2002). Food and Drug Administration draft guidance for clinical evaluation of combination estrogen/progestin-containing drug products. Vol. 68, January 31, 2002.
- Food and Drug Administration. (2003). Menopause and hormones. Retrieved from www.fda.gov/womens/menopause/mht-FS. html
- Garcia, J. (2013). Hormone replacement: Timing is everything, say new guidelines. Medscape. Retrieved from www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780862
- Glass, A., Lacey, J., Carreon, J., & Hoover, R. (2007). Breast cancer incidence, 1980–2006: Combined roles of menopausal hormone therapy, screening mammography, and estrogen receptor status. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 99, 1152–1161.
- Harman, S. (2014). Menopausal hormone treatment cardiovascular disease: Another look at an unresolved conundrum. Fertility and Sterility, 101, 887–897.
- Harman, S., Black, D., Naftolin, F., Brinton, E.A., Budoff, M.J., Cedars, M.I.,... & Hodis, H.N. (2014). Arterial imaging outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in recently menopausal women: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 161(4), 249–260.
- Harman, S., Vittinghoff, E., Brinton, E., Budoff, M., Cedars, M., Lobo, R.,... & Black, D.M. (2011). Timing and duration of menopausal hormone treatment may affect cardiovascular outcomes. American Journal of Medicine, 124(3), 199–205.
- Herrington, D. (1997). Sex hormones and normal cardiovascular physiology in women. In D. Julian & N. Wenger (Eds.), Women and heart disease (pp. 243–264). London, UK: Martin Dunitz.
- Hersh, A., Stefanick, M., & Stafford, R. (2004). National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: Annual trends and response to recent evidence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 291, 47–53.
- Hsia, J., Langer, R., Manson, J., Kuller, L., Johnson, K., & Hendrix, S. (2006). Conjugated equine estrogens and coronary heart disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 357–365.
- Hunter, M., & Mann, E. (2010). A cognitive model of menopausal hot flushes and night sweats. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69, 491–501.
- Krieger, N., Lowy, I., Aronowitz, R., Bigby, J., Dickersin, K., Garner, E.,... & Weisz, G. (2005). Hormone replacement therapy, cancer, controversies, and women's health: Historical, epidemiological, biological, clinical, and advocacy perspectives. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59, 740–748.
- Lee, E., Maneno, B., Wutoh, A., & Zuckerman, I. (2010). Long-term effect of the Women's Health Initiative study on antiosteoporosis medication prescribing. Journal of Women's Health, 19, 847–854.
- Lowes, F. (2013, June 28). Briselle okayed as first nonhormonal tx for hot flashes. Medscape. Retrieved from www.medscape.com/articles/807082
- Lowry, F. (2012, Oct 3) HRT benefits newly menopausal women, No CV harm. Medscape. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/772061
- MacLennan, A., Broadbent, J., Lester, S., & Moore, V. (2004). Oral oestrogen and combined oestrogen/progestogen therapy versus placebo for hot flushes. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 4, CD002978.
- MacPherson, K. (1987). Osteoporosis: The new flaw in woman or in science? Health Values, 11, 57–62.
- Manson, J. (2012, Oct 4). The KEEPS trial: Hormone therapy has many favorable effects in newly menopausal women. Medscape. Retrieved from www.medscape.com/viewarticle/771917
- Manson, J., Chlebowski, R., Stefanick, M., Aragaki, A., Rossouw, J., Prentice, R.,... & Wallace, R.B. (2013). Menopausal hormone therapy and health outcomes during the intervention and extended poststopping phases of the Women's Health Initiative randomized trials. Journal of the American Medical Association, 310, 1353–1368.
- Manson, J., Hsia, J., Johnson, K., Rossouw, J., Assaf, A., Lasser, N.,... & Cushman, M. (2003). Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 523–534.
- Mansi, I., Mortensen, E., Pugh, M., Wegner, M., & Frei, C. (2013). Incidence of musculoskeletal and neoplastic diseases in patients on statin therapy. American Journal of Medical Science, 345, 343–348.
- Marx, R. (2014). A decade of bisphosphonate bone complications: What it has taught us about bone physiology. International Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Implants, 29, 247–258.
- Moyer, M. (2012, May 21). The statins on statins: should healthy adults over 50 take them? Scientific American. Retrieved from www.scientificamerican.com/article/statins-should-healthy-adults-over-50-take-them?
- Nabel, E. (2013). The Women's Health Initiative—A victory for women and their health. Journal of the American Medical Association, 310, 1349–1350.
- National Committee for Quality Assurance. (2001). HEDIS 2001. Specifications for survey measures ( vol. 3). Washington, DC: National Committee for Quality Assurance.
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2002, March). Women's health and menopause: A comprehensive approach. Bethesda, MD, USA: NHLBI.
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. (2002). Report on carcinogens (10th ed.). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. Retrieved from http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/roc/tenth/profiles/s084ster.pdf
- National Institutes of Health. (2002, Oct 23–24). Scientific workshop on menopausal hormone therapy. Bethesda, MD, USA: NIH.
- North American Menopause Society. (2004). Recommendations for estrogen and progestogen use in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: October 2004 position statement. Menopause, 11, 589–600.
- North American Menopause Society. (2007). Estrogen and progestogen use in peri- and postmenopausal women: March 2007 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause, 14, 168–182.
- North American Menopause Society. (2012). The 2012 hormone therapy position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause, 19, 257–271.
- Poole, K., & Compston, J. (2012). Bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis. British Medical Journal, 344, 321–324.
- Posadzki, P., Lee, M., Moon, T., Choi, T., Park, T., & Ernst, E. (2013). Prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by menopausal women: A systematic review of surveys. Maturitas, 75, 34–43.
- Power, M., Anderson, B., & Schulkin, J. (2009). Attitudes of obstetrician-gynecologists toward the evidence from the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy trials remain generally skeptical. Menopause, 16, 500–508.
- Prior, J., & Hitchcock, C. (2012). Progesterone for hot flush and night sweat treatment. Gynecological Endocrinology, 28, 7–11.
- Ravdin, P., Cronin, K., Howlader, N., Berg, C., Chlebowski, R., Feuer, E.,... & Berry, D.A. (2007). The decrease in breast-cancer incidence in 2003 in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 356, 1670–1674.
- Rossouw, J., Manson, J., Kaunitz, A., & Anderson, G. (2013). Lessons learned from the Women's Health Initiative trials of menopausal hormone therapy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 121, 172–176.
- Rossouw J., Prentice R., Manson J., Wu, L., Barad, D, Barnabel, V.,... & Stefanick, M. (2007). Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. Journal of the American Medical Association, 297, 1465–1477.
- Saver, G., Taylor, T., Woods, N., & Stevens, N. (1997). Physician policies on the use of preventive hormone therapy. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 13, 358–365.
- Seaman, B. (2003). The greatest experiment ever performed on women. New York, NY, USA: Hyperion.
- Sicat, B., & Brokaw, D. (2004). Nonhormonal alternatives for the treatment of hot flashes. Pharmacotherapy, 24, 79–93.
- Stagnitti, M. (2008, May). Trends in statins utilization and expenditures for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, 2000 and 2005 (Statistical Brief #205). Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
- Stampfer, M., Colditz, G., Willett, W., Manson, J., Rosner, B., Speizer, F.,... & Hennekens, C.H. (1991). Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 325, 756–762.
- Steinkellner, A., Denison, S., Eldridge, S., Lenzi, L., Chen, W., & Bowlin, S. (2012). A decade of postmenopausal hormone therapy prescribing in the United States: Long-term effects of the Women's Health Initiative. Menopause, 19, 616–621.
- Sturdee, D., & Pines, A. (2011). Updated IMS recommendations on postmenopausal hormone therapy and preventive strategies for midlife health. Climacteric, 14, 302–320.
- Swift, D. (2014, July 30). Menopause: Hormone therapy does not slow atherosclerosis. Medscape. Retrieved from www.medscape.com/viewparticle/829118
- Voda, A. (1997). Menopause, me and you. Binghamton, NY, USA: Haworth Press.
- Voda, A., & Ashton, C. (2006). Fallout from the Women's Health Initiative Study: A short-lived vindication for feminists and the resurrection of hormone therapies. Sex Roles, 54, 401–411.
- Walsh, B., & Schiff, I. (1991). Menopause: Advanced management strategies. Current Opinions in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3, 343–351.
- Ward, T., & Lauer, M. (2014, June 26). Investing in clinical research for the public good. Medscape. Retrieved from www.medscape.com/viewarticle/827143
- Wehrwein, P. (2011). Statin use is up, cholesterol levels are down: Are Americans’ hearts benefiting? Harvard Health Blog, posted April 15, 2011 Harvard Health Publications, Harvard Medical School. Retrieved from http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/statin-use-is-up-cholesterol-levels-are-down-americans-hearts-benefiting-20110451518
- Weiner, M., Barnhart, K., Xie, D., & Tannen, R. (2007). Hormone therapy and heart disease in young women. Menopause, 15, 1–8.
- Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. (2002). Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 321–333.
- Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. (2004). Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: The Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 291, 1701–1712.