“If You Don’t Have a Baby, You Can’t Be in Our Culture”: Migrant and Refugee Women’s Experiences and Constructions of Fertility and Fertility Control

References

• Addie, E., & Brownlow, C. (2014). Deficit and asset identity constructions of single women without children living in Australia: An analysis of discourse. Feminism & Psychology, 24, 423–439. doi:10.1177/0959353514539463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allotey, P., Manderson, L., Baho, S., & Demian, L. (2004). Reproductive health for resettling refugee and migrant women. Health Issues, 78, 12–17.
   Google Scholar
• Aptekman, M., Rashid, M., Wright, V., & Dunn, S. (2014). Unmet contraceptive needs among refugees: Crossroads Clinic experience. Canadian Family Physician December, 60, e613–e619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Australian Government Department of Health. (2016). People from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Retrieved from http://health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-pmono-toc*mental-pubs-p-mono-pop*mental-pubs-p-mono-popcul
   Google Scholar
• Batool, S. S. & de Visser, R. O. (2016). Experiences of infertility in British and Pakistani women: A cross-cultural qualitative analysis. Health Care for Women International, 37, 180–196. doi:10.1080/07399332.2014.980890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, J., Maldari, T., Williams, J., & Hanifi, H. (2010). The impact of culture and ethnicity on women's perceived role in society and their attendant health beliefs. InnovAiT, 3, 358–365. doi:10.1093/innovait/inp227
   Google Scholar
• Bhaskar, R. (2011). Reclaiming reality: A critical introduction to contemporary philosophy. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bilge, S. (2010). Beyond subordination vs. resistance: An intersectional approach to the agency of veiled Muslim women. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 31, 9–28. doi:10.1080/07256860903477662
   Google Scholar
• Black, A., Yang, Q., Wen, S. W., Lalonde, A. B., Guilbert, E., & Fisher, W. (2009). Contraceptive use among Canadian women of reproductive age: Results of a national survey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 31, 627–640. doi:10.1016/S1701-2163(16)34242-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bongaarts, J. (2002). The end of the fertility transition in the developed world. Population and Development Review, 28, 419–443. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2002.00419.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L. (2008). When black + lesbian + woman? black lesbian woman: The methodological challenges of qualitative and quantitative intersectionality research. Sex Roles, 59, 312–325. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9400-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmichael, G. A., & Whittaker, A. (2007). Choice and circumstance: Qualitative insights into contemporary childlessness in Australia. European Journal of Population, 23, 111–143. doi:10.1007/s10680-006-9112-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvajal, D. N., Gioia, D., Mudafort, E. R., Brown, P. B., & Barnet, B. (2017). How can primary care physicians best support contraceptive decision making? A qualitative study exploring the perspectives of Baltimore Latinas. Women's Health Issues, 27, 158–166. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2016.09.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chebet, J. J., McMahon, S. A., Greenspan, J. A., Mosha, I. H., Callaghan-Koru, J. A., Killewo, J., …, Winch, P. J. (2015). "Every method seems to have its problems"- Perspectives on side effects of hormonal contraceptives in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. BMC Women's Health, 15, 97. doi:10.1186/s12905-015-0255-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, D., Schwarz, E. B., Douglas, E., & Horon, I. (2009). Unintended pregnancy and associated maternal preconception, prenatal and postpartum behaviors. Contraception, 79, 194–198. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.09.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43, 1241–1299. doi:10.2307/1229039
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Das Gupta, M., Zhenghua, J., Bohua, L., Zhenming, X., Chung, W., & Hwa-Ok, B. (2003). Why is son preference so persistent in East and South Asia? A cross-country study of China, India, and the Republic of Korea. Journal of Development Studies, 40, 153–187. doi:10.1080/00220380412331293807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, K. (2008). Intersectionality as buzzword: A sociology of science perspective on what makes a feminist theory successful. Feminist Theory, 9, 67–85. doi:10.1177/1464700108086364
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degni, F., Koivusilta, L., & Ojanlatva, A. (2006). Attitudes towards and perceptions about contraceptive use among married refugee women of Somali descent living in Finland. European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 11, 190–196. doi:10.1080/13625180600557605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degni, F., Mazengo, C., Vaskilampi, T., & Essén, B. (2008). Religious beliefs prevailing among Somali men living in Finland regarding the use of the condom by men and that of other forms of contraception by women. European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 13, 298–303. doi:10.1080/02699200802185205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon, S. C., Herbert, D. L., Loxton, D., & Lucke, J. C. (2014). 'As many options as there are, there are just not enough for me': Contraceptive use and barriers to access among Australian women. European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 19, 340–351. doi:10.3109/13625187.2014.919380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dryden, A., Ussher, J. M., & Perz, J. (2014). Young women's construction of their post-cancer fertility. Psychology & Health, 29, 1341–1360. doi:10.1080/08870446.2014.932790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunnavant, N. C. & Roberts, T.-A. (2013). Restriction and renewal, pollution and power, constraint and community: The paradoxes of religious women's experiences of menstruation. Sex Roles, 68, 121–131. doi:10.1007/s11199-012-0132-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellawela, Y., Nilaweera, I., Holton, S., Rowe, H., Kirkman, M., Jordan, L., …, Fisher, J. (2017). Contraceptive use and contraceptive health care needs among Sri Lankan migrants living in Australia: Findings from the understanding fertility management in contemporary Australia survey. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 12, 70–75. doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2017.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Family Planning NSW. (2013). Reproductive and sexual health in Australia. Ashfield, Sydney: FPNSW. Retrieved from http://familyplanningallianceaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/rshinaust_book_webedition_1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Finlay, L., & Gough, B. (2003). Reflexivity: A practical guide for researchers in health and social sciences. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science.
   Google Scholar
• Fledderjohann, J. J. (2012). ‘Zero is not good for me': Implications of infertility in Ghana. Human Reproduction, 27, 1383–1390. doi:10.1093/humrep/des035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flore, M., Chen, X. L., Bonney, A., Mullan, J., Dijkmans-Hadley, B., Hodgkins, A., …, Lloyd, G. (2016). Patients' perspectives about why they have their contraceptive Implanon NXT device removed early. Australian Family Physician, 45(10), 740–744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freilich, K., Holton, S., Rowe, H., Kirkman, M., Jordan, L., McNamee, K., …, Fisher, J. (2017). Sociodemographic characteristics associated with the use of effective and less effective contraceptive methods: Findings from the Understanding Fertility Management in Contemporary Australia survey. European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 22, 212–221. doi:10.1080/13625187.2017.1304534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie, R. (2000). When no means no: Disbelief, disregard, and deviance as discourses of voluntary childlessness. Women's Studies International Forum, 23, 223–234. doi:10.1016/S0277-5395(00)00076-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie, R. (2003). Childfree and feminine: Understanding the gender identity of voluntarily childless women. Gender & Society, 17, 122–136. doi:10.1177/0891243202238982
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampshire, K., Blell, M., & Simpson, B. (2012). Navigating new socio-demographic landscapes: Using anthropological demography to understand the ‘persistence' of high and early fertility among British Pakistanis. European Journal of Population, 28, 39–63. doi:10.1007/s10680-011-9252-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankivsky, O., Reid, C., Cormier, R., Varcoe, C., Clark, N., Benoit, C., & Brotman, S. (2010). Exploring the promises of intersectionality for advancing women's health research. International Journal for Equity in Health, 9, 1–15. doi:10.1186/1475-9276-9-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkey, A. J., Ussher, J. M., Perz, J., & Metusela, C. (2017). Experiences and constructions of menarche and menstruation among migrant and refugee women. Qualitative Health Research, 27, 1473–1490. doi:10.1177/1049732316672639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helström, L., Zätterström, C., & Odlind, V. (2006). Abortion rate and contraceptive practices in immigrant and Swedish adolescents. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 19, 209–213. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2006.02.007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ibañez, X., Phillips, S., Fine, J., & Shoranick, T. (2010). The right to contraceptive information and services for women and adolescents. Briefing paper. Retrieved from http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/Contraception.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jones, R. K., Fennell, J., Higgins, J. A., & Blanchard, K. (2009). Better than nothing or savvy risk-reduction practice? The importance of withdrawal. Contraception, 79, 407–410. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.12.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamal, S. M. M., & Islam, M. A. (2012). Interspousal communication on family planning and its effect on contraceptive adoption in Bangladesh. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 24, 506–521. doi:10.1177/1010539511399118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, M., Inoue, K., Barratt, A., Bateson, D., Rutherford, A., & Richters, J. (2017). Performing (heterosexual) femininity: Female agency and role in sexual life and contraceptive use - a qualitative study in Australia. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 19, 240–255. doi:10.1080/13691058.2016.1214872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khawaja, N. G., & Milner, K. (2012). Acculturation stress in South Sudanese refugees: Impact on marital relationships. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 624–636. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.03.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiley, J., & Hammond, C. (2007). Combined oral contraceptives: A comprehensive review. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 50, 868–877. doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e318159c06a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolak, M., Jensen, C., & Johansson, M. (2017). Midwives' experiences of providing contraception counselling to immigrant women. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 12, 100–106. doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2017.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, R. A. & Casey, M. A. (2014). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Marston, C., Renedo, A., & Nyaaba, G. N. (2018). Fertility regulation as identity maintenance: Understanding the social aspects of birth control. Journal of Health Psychology, 23, 240–251. doi:10.1177/1359105317726367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazza, D., Harrison, C., Taft, A., Brijnath, B., Britt, H., Hobbs, M., …, Hussainy, S. (2012). Current contraceptive management in Australian general practice: An analysis of BEACH data. Medical Journal of Australia, 197, 110–114. doi:10.5694/mja11.11599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie-Mohr, S. & Lafrance, M. N. (2014). Women counter-storying their lives. In S. McKenzie-Mohr & M. N. Lafrance (Eds.), Women voicing resistance: Discursive and narrative explorations (pp. 1–15). East Sussex, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McMichael, C. (2013). Unplanned but not unwanted? Teen pregnancy and parenthood among young people with refugee backgrounds. Journal of Youth Studies, 16, 663–678. doi:10.1080/13676261.2012.744813
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meldrum, R. M., Liamputtong, P., & Wollersheim, D. (2016). Sexual health knowledge and needs: Young Muslim women in Melbourne, Australia. International Journal of Health Services, 46, 124–140. doi:10.1177/0020731415615313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mengesha, Z., Perz, J., Dune, T., & Ussher, J. (2017). Refugee and migrant women's engagement with sexual and reproductive health care in Australia: A socio-ecological analysis of health care professional perspectives. PLoS One, 12, e0181421. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mengesha, Z., Perz, J., Dune, T., & Ussher, J. (2018). Preparedness of health care professionals for delivering sexual and reproductive health care to refugee and migrant women: A mixed methods study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 174. doi:10.3390/ijerph15010174
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills, A., & Barclay, L. (2006). None of them were satisfactory: Women's experiences with contraception. Health Care for Women International, 27, 379–398. doi:10.1080/07399330600629468
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morrow, M., Smith, J. E., Lai, Y., & Jaswal, S. (2008). Shifting landscapes: Immigrant women and postpartum depression. Health Care for Women International, 29, 593–617. doi:10.1080/07399330802089156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newbold, K. B., & Willinsky, J. (2009). Providing family planning and reproductive healthcare to Canadian immigrants: Perceptions of healthcare providers. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 11, 369–382. doi:10.1080/13691050802710642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omland, G., Ruths, S., & Diaz, E. (2014). Use of hormonal contraceptives among immigrant and native women in Norway: Data from the Norwegian prescription database. BJOG, 121, 1221–1228. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puri, S., Adams, V., Ivey, S., & Nachtigall, R. D. (2011). “There is such a thing as too many daughters, but not too many sons”: A qualitative study of son preference and fetal sex selection among Indian immigrants in the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 72, 1169–1176. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.01.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quelopana, A. M., & Alcalde, C. (2014). Exploring knowledge, belief and experiences in sexual and reproductive health in immigrant Hispanic women. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 16, 1001–1006. doi:10.1007/s10903-013-9807-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raben, L. A. D., & van den Muijsenbergh, M. E. T. C. (2018). Inequity in contraceptive care between refugees and other migrant women? A retrospective study in Dutch general practice. Family Practice, 1–7. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmx133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RamaRao, S., Lacuesta, M., Costello, M., Pangolibay, B., & Jones, H. (2003). The link between quality of care and contraceptive use. International Family Planning Perspectives, 29, 76–83. doi:10.2307/3181061
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Remennick, L. (2000). Childless in the land of imperative motherhood: Stigma and coping among infertile Israeli women. Sex Roles, 43, 821–841. doi:10.1023/a:1011084821700
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richters, J., Fitzadam, S., Yeung, A., Caruana, T., Rissel, C., Simpson, J. M., & de Visser, R. O. (2016). Contraceptive practices among women: The second Australian study of health and relationships. Contraception, 94, 548–555. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2016.06.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riessman, C. K. (2000). Stigma and everyday resistance practices: Childless women in South India. Gender & Society, 14, 111–135. doi:10.1177/089124300014001007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, C., & Earnest, J. (2014). A cross-generational study of contraception and reproductive health among Sudanese and Eritrean women in Brisbane, Australia. Health Care for Women International, 35, 334–356. doi:10.1080/07399332.2013.857322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe, H., Holton, S., Kirkman, M., Bayly, C., Jordan, L., McNamee, K., …, Fisher, J. (2016). Prevalence and distribution of unintended pregnancy: The Understanding Fertility Management in Australia National Survey. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 40, 104–109. doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowland, D. (2007). Historical trends in childlessness. Journal of Family Issues, 28, 1311–1337. doi:10.1177/0192513X07303823
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangi-Haghpeykar, H., Ali, N., Posner, S., & Poindexter, A. N. (2006). Disparities in contraceptive knowledge, attitude and use between Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites. Contraception, 74, 125–132. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargent, C. F. (2006). Reproductive strategies and Islamic discourse. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 20, 31–49. doi:10.1525/maq.2006.20.1.31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scambler, G. (1984). Perceiving and coping with stigmatizing illness. In R. Fitzpatrick, I. Hinton, S. Newman, G. Scambler, & I. Thompson (Eds.), The experience of illness (pp. 203–226). London, UK: Tavistock.
   Google Scholar
• Shoveller, J., Chabot, C., Soon, J. A., & Levine, M. (2007). Identifying barriers to emergency contraception use among young women from various sociocultural groups in British Columbia, Canada. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 39, 13–20. doi:10.1363/3901307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srikanthan, A. & Reid, R. L. (2008). Religious and cultural influences on contraception. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 30, 129–137. doi:10.1016/S1701-2163(16)32736-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stenner, P. (1993). Discoursing jealousy. In E. Burman & I. Parker (Eds.), Discourse analytic research: Repertoires and readings of texts in action (pp. 114–132). London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Trussell, J. (2004). Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception, 70, 89–96. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNFPA. (2013). Choices not chance: UNFPA family planning strategy 2012-2020. Retrieved from http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/UNFPA%20CHOICES%20NOT%20CHANCE_final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ussher, J. M. (2000). Women's madness: A material-discursive-intrapsychic approach. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ussher, J. M. (2010). Are we medicalizing women's misery? A critical review of women's higher rates of reported depression. Feminism & Psychology, 20, 9–35. doi:10.1177/0959353509350213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ussher, J. M., Perz, J., Metusela, C., Hawkey, A. J., Morrow, M., Narchal, R., & Estoesta, J. (2017). Negotiating discourses of shame, secrecy, and silence: Migrant and refugee women's experiences of sexual embodiment. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 1–21. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0898-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ussher, J. M., Rhyder-Obid, M., Perz, J., Rae, M., Wong, T. W. K., & Newman, P. (2012). Purity, privacy and procreation: Constructions and experiences of sexual and reproductive health in Assyrian and Karen women living in Australia. Sexuality & Culture, 16, 467–485. doi:10.1007/s12119-012-9133-6
   Google Scholar
• van Rooij, F. B., van Balen, F., & Hermanns, J. M. A. (2009). The experiences of involuntarily childless Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands. Qualitative Health Research, 19, 621–632. doi:10.1177/1049732309333242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vangen, S., Eskild, A., & Forsen, L. (2008). Termination of pregnancy according to immigration status: A population based registry linkage study. BJOG, 115, 1309–1315. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01832.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts, M. C. N. C., Liamputtong, P., & Carolan, M. (2014). Contraception knowledge and attitudes: Truths and myths among African Australian teenage mothers in Greater Melbourne, Australia. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23, 2131–2141. doi:10.1111/jocn.12335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts, M. C. N. C., McMichael, C., & Liamputtong, P. (2015). Factors influencing contraception awareness and use: The experiences of young African Australian mothers. Journal of Refugee Studies, 28, 368–387. doi:10.1093/jrs/feu040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisberg, E., Bateson, D., McGeechan, K., & Mohapatra, L. (2014). A three-year comparative study of continuation rates, bleeding patterns, and satisfaction in Australian women using a subdermal contraceptive implant or progestogen releasing-intrauterine system. European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 19, 5–14. doi:10.3109/13625187.2013.853034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (2009). Mental health aspects of women's reproductive health: A global review of the literature. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43846/1/9789241563567_eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2014a). Ensuring human rights within contraceptive programmes: A human rights analysis of existing quantitative indicators. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/126799/1/9789241507493_eng.pdf?ua =1&ua =1
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2014b). Ensuring human rights in the provision of contraceptive information and services: Guidance and recommendations: WHO. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/102539/1/9789241506748_eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2017). Family planning/Contraception: Factsheet. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs351/en/
   Google Scholar
• Wigginton, B., Harris, M. L., Loxton, D., Herbert, D., & Lucke, J. (2015). The feminisation of contraceptive use: Australian women's accounts of accessing contraception. Feminism & Psychology, 25, 178–198. doi:10.1177/0959353514562802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigginton, B., Moran, C., Harris, M. L., Loxton, D., & Lucke, J. (2016). Young Australian women explain their contraceptive choices. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 18, 727–741. doi:10.1080/13691058.2015.1117138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, S. J. (2003). Beyond meaning, discourse and the empirical world: Critical realist reflections on health. Social Theory & Health, 1, 42–71. doi:10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700004
   Google Scholar
• Wray, A., Ussher, J. M., & Perz, J. (2014). Constructions and experiences of sexual health among young, heterosexual, unmarried Muslim women immigrants in Australia. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 16, 76–89. doi:10.1080/13691058.2013.833651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yebei, V. N. (2000). Unmet needs, beliefs, and treatment-seeking for infertility among migrant Ghanaian women in the Netherlands. Reproductive Health Matters, 8, 134–141. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(00)90195-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar