Liminality, Maternal Menstrual Knowledge and Socialization of Adolescent Daughters: A Qualitative Study in Pakistan

References

• Abo-Zena, M. M. (2019). Being young, Muslim, and female: Youth perspectives on the intersection of religious and gender identities. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(2), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, T. S., & Rizvi, S. N. (2010). Menstrual knowledge and practices of female adolescents in urban Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Adolescence, 33(4), 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bashir, Q., Usman, A., Amjad, A., & Amjad, U. (2017). ‘The taboo that silences’: Awareness about sexual and reproductive health issues among adolescent females during pubertal transition. Isra Medical Journal, 9(6), 381–385.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Chandra-Mouli, V., & Patel, S. V. (2020). Mapping the knowledge and understanding of menarche, menstrual hygiene and menstrual health among adolescent girls in low-and middle income countries. In: Bobel, C., Winkler, I.T., Fahs, B., Hasson, K.A., Kissling, E.A., Roberts, TA. (eds.), The Palgrave handbook of critical menstruation studies (pp. 609–636). Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_46
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhri, A. I., Tehseem, T., & Nazir, B. (2022). A sociolinguistic study of taboos and euphemisms surrounding Pakistani females’ daily issues. Global Social Sciences Review, VII(II), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).04
   Google Scholar
• Chebii, S. J. (2018). Menstrual issues: How adolescent schoolgirls in the Kibera slums of Kenya negotiate their experiences with menstruation. Women’s Reproductive Health, 5(3), 204–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2018.1490534
   Google Scholar
• Chothe, V., Khubchandani, J., Seabert, D., Asalkar, M., Rakshe, S., Firke, A., Midha, I., & Simmons, R. (2014). Students’ perceptions and doubts about menstruation in developing countries: A case study from India. Health Promotion Practice, 15(3), 319–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839914525175
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coast, E., Lattof, S. R., & Strong, J. (2019). Puberty and menstruation knowledge among young adolescents in low-and middle-income countries: A scoping review. International Journal of Public Health, 64(2), 293–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01209-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, T., Stotz, E. N., Grynszpan, D., & Souza, M. D. C. B. D. (2006). Naturalization and medicalization of the female body: Social control through reproduction. Interface—Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, 10(20), 363–380. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1414-32832006000200007
   Google Scholar
• Dammery, S. (2015). First blood: A cultural study of menarche. Monash University Publishing. https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_628132
   Google Scholar
• Del Franco, N. (2014). Negotiating adolescence in rural Bangladesh: A journey through school, love and marriage. Zubaan.
   Google Scholar
• Derr, B. W. (1982). Implications of menstruation as a liminal state. American Anthropologist, 84(3), 644–645. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1982.84.3.02a00110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dey, I. (1999). Grounding grounded theory: Guidelines for grounded theory inquiry. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012214640-4/50011-5
   Google Scholar
• Duby, Z., Katz, A., Musara, P., Nabukeera, J., Zimba, C. C., Woeber, K., Palanee-Phillips, T., & van der Straten, A. (2020). “The state of mind tells me it’s dirty”: Menstrual shame amongst women using a vaginal ring in Sub Saharan Africa. Women & Health, 60(1), 72–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2019.1607803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field-Springer, K., Reece, C., & Randall-Griffiths, D. (2019). Intergenerational considerations for educators and healthcare providers who assist girls and women transitioning through menarche and menopause. Women’s Reproductive Health, 6(2), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2019.1601904
   Google Scholar
• Ghattargi, C. H., & Deo, D. S. (2005). Preparation and practices regarding menstruation: A comparative study in rural and urban adolescent girls. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 30, 10–14. https://journals.lww.com/ijcm/Citation/2005/30010/Perceptions_and_Practices_Regarding_Menstruation_.12.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Gundi, M., & Subramanyam, M. A. (2019). Menstrual health communication among Indian adolescents: A mixed-methods study. PLoS One, 14(10), e0223923. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobson, K. N. (2016). Girls’ puberty ceremonies: A critical appraisal of scholarly work [Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas]. https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/21846
   Google Scholar
• Lennox, B. (2013). Becoming clean: First menstruation rituals in Southeast Asia. New Views on Gender, 14, 89–98. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/iusbgender/article/view/13665
   Google Scholar
• Lenz, B. (2001). The transition from adolescence to young adulthood: A theoretical perspective. The Journal of School Nursing, 17(6), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405010170060401
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacLean, K., Hearle, C., & Ruwanpura, K. N. (2020). Stigma of staining? Negotiating menstrual taboos amongst young women in Kenya. Women’s Studies International Forum, 78, 102290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2019.102290
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansoor, H., Salman, M., Asif, N., Mustafa, Z. U., Nawaz, A. S., Mohsin, J., Arif, B., Sheikh, A., Shehzadi, N., Hussain, K., Masood, A., & Noor-E-Hira  . (2020). Menstrual knowledge and practices of Pakistani girls: A multicenter, cross-sectional study. Heliyon, 6(1), e03157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansoor, T., Gilani, R., & Zahid, M. (2021). Predictors of knowledge regarding puberty and menstruation among females of reproductive age visiting public Health Care Institute of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Public Health, 11(3), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v11i3.715
   Google Scholar
• Mumtaz, S., & Ansari, S. K. (2016). Psychology of beliefs and practices relating to menstrual hygiene of adolescent girls in rural, Islamabad, Pakistan. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(7), 670–677.
   Google Scholar
• Rizvi, N., & Ali, T. S. (2016). Misconceptions and mismanagement of menstruation among adolescents girls who do not attend school in Pakistan. Journal of Asian Midwives, 3(1), 46–62. https://ecommons.aku.edu/jam/vol3/iss1/6/
   Google Scholar
• Rizvi, N., Khan, K. S., & Shaikh, B. T. (2014). Gender: Shaping personality, lives and health of women in Pakistan. BMC Women’s Health, 14(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salami, K. K., Mettu, J. C., & Azeez, A. (2019). Onset of menarche and adolescent menstrual hygiene practices in semi-urban Ibadan Community, Nigeria. Women’s Reproductive Health, 6(2), 102–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2019.1601903
   Google Scholar
• Sims, M., & Stephens, M. (2011). Living folklore: An introduction to the study of people and their traditions. University Press of Colorado.
   Google Scholar
• Smiles, D., Short, S. E., & Sommer, M. (2017). “I didn’t tell anyone because I was very afraid”: Girls’ experiences of menstruation in contemporary Ethiopia. Women’s Reproductive Health, 4(3), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2017.1388721
   Google Scholar
• Sooki, Z., Shariati, M., Chaman, R., Khosravi, A., Effatpanah, M., & Keramat, A. (2016). The role of mother in informing girls about puberty: A meta-analysis study. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 5(1), e30360. https://doi.org/10.17795/nmsjournal30360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbani, A., & Hasanali, P. (2000). Adolescent females between tradition and modernity: Gender role socialization in South Asian immigrant culture. Journal of Adolescence, 23(5), 615–627. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2000.0348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuli, A., Dalvi, S., Kumar, N., & Singh, P. (2019). “It’s a girl thing”: Examining challenges and opportunities around menstrual health education in India. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 26(5), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3325282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, V., Abrahams, R., & Harris, A. (2017). The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gennep, A. (2013). The rites of passage. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315017594
   Google Scholar
• Walker, A. (2008). The menstrual cycle. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203135051
   Google Scholar
• Wootton, S., & Morison, T. (2020). Menstrual management and the negotiation of failed femininities: A discursive study among low-income young women in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Women’s Reproductive Health, 7(2), 87–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2020.1740485
   Google Scholar
• Zakaria, M., Xu, J., Karim, F., & Cheng, F. (2019). Reproductive health communication between mother and adolescent daughter in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health, 16(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0778-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar