463
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Work ethic and life satisfaction among social workers in Massachusetts: the moderating effect of gender

ORCID Icon

References

  • Acquavita, S. P., Pittman, P., Gibbons, M., & Castellanos-Brown, K. (2009). Personal and organization diversity factors’ impact on social workers’ job satisfaction: Results from a national internet-based survey. Administration in Social Work, 33(2), 151–166. doi:10.1080/03643100902768824
  • Akbamejad, M., & Chanzanagh, H. E. (2012). Protestant work ethic, gender role attitudes, ethnicity and class: Case of Iran. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2, 270–275.
  • Al-Attiyah, A., & Nasser, R. (2016). Gender and age differences in life satisfaction within a sex-segregated society: Sampling youth in Qatar. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 21(1), 84–95. doi:10.1080/02673843.2013.808158
  • Alghamdi, F. S. (2015). Another look at job and life satisfaction among employees: Evidence from a developing country. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5, 11–19. doi:10.4236/ajibm.2015.51002
  • American College of Healthcare Executives. (2006). A comparison of the career attainments of men and women healthcare executives. Retrieved from https://www.ache.org/pubs/research/gender_study_full_report.pdf
  • Arshad, M., Gull, S., & Mahmood, K. (2015). Life satisfaction among working and non-working women. European Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 3(1), 121–127.
  • Belfield, C., & Harris, R. (2002). How well do theories of job matching explain variation in job satisfaction across educational level? Evidence for UK graduates. Applied Economics, 34, 535–548. doi:10.1080/00036840110041895
  • Bellman, S., Forster, N., Still, L., & Cooper, C. L. (2003). Gender differences in the use of social support as a moderator of occupational stress. Stress & Health, 19(1), 45–58. doi:10.1002/smi.954
  • Blood, M. R. (1969). Work values and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 53, 456–459. doi:10.1037/h0028653
  • Bond, M. A., Punnett, L., Pyle, J. L., Cazeca, D., & Cooperman, M. (2004). Gendered work conditions, health, and work outcomes. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 9(1), 28–45. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.9.1.28
  • Borg, C., Hallberg, I., & Blomqvist, K. (2006). Life satisfaction among older people (65+) with reduced self-care capacity: The relationship to social, health and financial aspects. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15, 607–618. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01375.x
  • Bowling, N. A., Eschleman, K. J., & Wang, Q. (2010). A meta-analytic examination of the relationship between job satisfaction and subjective well-being. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 915–934. doi:10.1348/096317909X478557
  • Boyce, C. J., Brown, G. D. A., & Moore, S. C. (2010). Money and happiness: Rank of income, not income, affects life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 21(4), 471–475. doi:10.1177/0956797610362671
  • Bozeman, B., & Gaughan, M. (2011). Job satisfaction among university faculty: Individual, work, and institutional determinants. Journal of Higher Education, 82(2), 154–186. doi:10.1080/00221546.2011.11779090
  • Castillo, J. X., & Cano, J. (2004). Factors explaining job satisfaction among faculty. Journal of Agricultural Education, 45, 65–74. doi:10.5032/jae.2004.03065
  • Chan, D. (2009). So why ask me? Are self-report data really that bad? In C. E. Lance & R. J. Vandenberg (Eds.), Statistical and methodological myths and urban legends: Doctrine, verity and fable in the organizational and social sciences (pp. 311–338). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Chen, F., & Short, S. E. (2008). Household context and subjective well-being among the oldest old in China. Journal of Family Issues, 29, 1379–1403. doi:10.1177/0192513X07313602
  • Cinamon, R. G., & Rich, Y. (2002). Gender differences in the importance of work and family roles: Implications for work-family conflict. Sex Roles, 47, 531–541. doi:10.1023/A:1022021804846
  • Clark, A. E., Frijters, P., & Shields, M. A. (2008). Relative income, happiness, and utility: An explanation for the Easterlin paradox and other puzzles. Journal of Economic Literature, 46, 95–144. doi:10.1257/jel.46.1.95
  • Cohen, A. (1999). Relationships among five forms of commitment: An empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 285–308. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199905)20:3<285::AID-JOB887>3.0.CO;2-R
  • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Cohrs, J. C., Abele, A. E., & Dette, D. E. (2006). Integrating situational and dispositional determinants of job satisfaction: Findings from three samples of professionals. The Journal of Psychology, 140, 363–395. doi:10.3200/JRLP.140.4.363-395
  • Cropley, M., & Zijlstra, F. R. H. (2011). Work and rumination. In J. Langan-Fox & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Handbook of stress in occupations (pp. 487–501). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
  • Czerw, A., & Grabowski, D. (2015). Work attitudes and work ethic as predictors of work engagement among Polish employees. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 46(4), 503–512. doi:10.1515/ppb-2015-0057
  • Daig, I., Herschbach, P., Lehmann, A., Knoll, N., & Decker, O. (2009). Gender and age differences in domain-specific life satisfaction and the impact of depressive and anxiety symptoms: A general population survey from Germany. Quality of Life Research, 18, 669–678. doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9481-3
  • Dejours, C., & Deranty, J. (2010). The centrality of work. Critical Horizons, 11(2), 167–180. doi:10.1558/crit.v11i2.167
  • Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2005). Spillover and crossover of exhaustion and life satisfaction among dual-earner parents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 266–289. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2004.07.001
  • Dhooper, S., & Byars, L. (1989). Stress and the life satisfaction of Black social workers. Affilia, 4(1), 70–78. doi:10.1177/088610998900400107
  • Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2002). Will money increase subjective well-being? Social Indicators Research, 57, 119–169. doi:10.1023/A:1014411319119
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 1–5. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Diener, E., Gohm, C. L., Suh, E. M., & Oishi, S. (2000). Similarity of the relations between marital status and subjective well-being across cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31, 419–436. doi:10.1177/0022022100031004001
  • Diener, E., & Ryan, K. (2009). Subjective well-being: A general overview. South African Journal of Psychology, 39, 391–406. doi:10.1177/008124630903900402
  • Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2008). Mail and Internet surveys: The tailored design method (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Dolan, S. L., & Gosselin, E. (2000). Job satisfaction and life satisfaction: Analysis of a reciprocal model with social demographic moderators. Journal of Economics Literature Classification, 1–24. Retrieved from https://repositori.upf.edu/bitstream/handle/10230/1225/484.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Dorfman, L., & Kolarik, D. C. (2005). Leisure and the retired professor. Educational Gerontology, 31(5), 343–361. doi:10.1080/03601270590921645
  • Dumitrache, C. G., Rubio, L., & Rubio-Herrera, R. (2017). Perceived health status and life satisfaction in old age, and the moderating role of social support. Aging & Mental Health, 21, 751–757. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1156048
  • Eccles, J. S. (1994). Understanding women’s educational and occupational choices: Applying the Eccles et al. model of achievement-related choices. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 585–609. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb01049.x
  • Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 109–132. Retrieved from http://outreach.mines.edu/cont_ed/Eng-Edu/eccles.pdf
  • Elpers, K., & Westhuis, D. J. (2008). Organizational leadership and its impact on social workers’ job satisfaction: A national study. Administration in Social Work, 32(3), 26–43. doi:10.1080/03643100801922399
  • Enkvist, Å., Ekström, H., & Elmståhl, S. (2012). What factors affect life satisfaction (LS) among the oldest-old? Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 54, 140–145. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2011.03.013
  • European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. (2007). Measuring job satisfaction in surveys: Comparative analytical report. Retrieved from http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/reports/TN0608TR01/TN0608TR01.pdf
  • European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. (2013). Women, men and working conditions in Europe: A report based on the fifth European Working Conditions Survey. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1309&context=intl
  • Fagin-Stief, L. K. (n.d.). Job satisfaction and life satisfaction: An analysis of the influence of socio-demographic factors and industries in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Retrieved from http://openjournals.maastrichtuniversity.nl/Marble/article/view/422/355
  • Fakunmoju, S. B., Woodruff, K., Kim, H. A., LeFevre, A., & Hung, M. (2010). Intention to leave a job: The role of individual factors, job tension, and supervisory support. Administration in Social Work, 34, 313–328. doi:10.1080/03643107.2010.500948
  • Fakunmoju, S. B., Donahue, G., R., McCoy, S., & Mengel, A. S. (2016). Life satisfaction and perception of meaningfulness of learning experience among first-year traditional graduate social work students. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(6), 49–62. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1092490.pdf
  • Freund, A. (2005). Commitment and job satisfaction as predictors of turnover intentions among welfare workers. Administration in Social Work, 29(2), 5–21. doi:10.1300/J147v29n02_02
  • Fujimoto, Y., Azmat, F., & Härtel, C. E. J. (2013). Gender perceptions of work-life balance: Management implications for full-time employees in Australia. Australian Journal of Management, 38(1), 147–170. doi:10.1177/0312896212449828
  • Fullagar, C., & Barling, J. (1989). A longitudinal model of the antecedents and consequences of union loyalty. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(2), 213–227. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.74.2.213
  • Furnham, A. (1984). The Protestant work ethic: A review of the psychological literature. European Journal of Social Psychology, 14, 87–104. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420140108
  • Furnham, A. (1990). The Protestant work ethic. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Furnham, A. (1991). The Protestant work ethic in Barbados. Journal of Social Psychology, 131(1), 29–43. doi:10.1080/00224545.1991.9713822
  • Furnham, A., & Korsitas, E. (1990). Protestant work ethic and vocational preference. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11, 43–56. doi:10.1002/job.4030110107
  • Furnham, A., & Muhiudeen, C. (1984). The Protestant work ethic in Britain and Malaysia. Journal of Social Psychology, 122(2), 157–161. doi:10.1080/00224545.1984.9713476
  • Gaymu, J., & Springer, S. (2010). Living conditions and life satisfaction of older Europeans living alone: A gender and cross-country analysis. Ageing & Society, 30, 1153–1175. doi:10.1017/S0144686X10000231
  • Georgellis, Y., & Lange, T. (2007). Traditional vs. secular values and work-life well-being across Europe. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
  • Graham, J. R., Bradshaw, C., Surood, S., & Kline, T. J. B. (2014). Predicting social workers’ subjective well-being. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 38, 405–417. doi:10.1080/23303131.2014.938584
  • Graham, J. R., Fukuda, E., Shier, M. L., Kline, T. J. B., Brownlee, K., & Novik, N. (2013). Demographic, work-related, and life satisfaction predictors of northern social workers’ satisfaction with work and profession. International Social Work, 56, 588–607. doi:10.1177/0020872811429953
  • Graham, J. R., Shier, M. L., Newberry, A. M., & Esina, E. (2014). Aligning perspectives of subjective well-being: Comparing spouse and colleague perceptions of social worker happiness. The Qualitative Report, 19(23), 1–18.
  • Greenstein, T. N. (2016). Gender, marital status and life satisfaction: A cross-national study. Retrieved from https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/ah5ty/
  • Hampton, N. Z., & Marshall, A. (2000). Culture, gender, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction: A comparison between Americans and Chinese people with spinal cord injuries. Joumal of Rehabilitation, 66(3), 21–28. Retrieved from https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-66032256/culture-gender-self-efficacy-and-life-satisfaction
  • Hao, Y. (2008). Productive activities and psychological well-being among older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 63(2), S64–S72. doi:10.1093/geronb/63.2.S64
  • Harpaz, I., & Fu, X. (1997). Work centrality in Germany, Israel, Japan, and the United States. Cross-Cultural Research, 31, 171–200. doi:10.1177/106939719703100301
  • Henderson, K. A., & Shaw, S. M. (2006). Leisure and gender: Challenges and opportunities for feminist research. In C. Rojek, S. M. Shaw, & A. J. Veal (Eds.), A handbook of leisure studies (pp. 216–230). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hesmondhalgh, D., & Baker, S. (2015). Sex, gender and work segregation in the cultural industries. The Sociological Review, 63, 23–36. doi:10.1111/1467-954X.12238
  • Hickson, J., Housley, W. F., & Boyle, C. (1988). The relationship of locus of control, age, and sex to life satisfaction and death anxiety in older persons. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 26(3), 191–199. doi:10.2190/E5CK-THBM-QVQG-C3DN
  • Hill, R. B. (1997). Demographic differences in selected work ethic attributes. Journal of Career Development, 24(1), 3–23. doi:10.1023/A:1025030404028
  • Hill, R. B., & Fouts, S. (2017). Work ethic and employment status: A study of jobseekers. Journal of STEM Teacher Education, 42(3), 48–65.
  • Hombrados-Mendieta, I., & Cosano-Rivas, F. (2013). Burnout, workplace support, job satisfaction and life satisfaction among social workers in Spain: A structural equation model. International Social Work, 56, 228–246. doi:10.1177/0020872811421620
  • Howell, R. T., Kurai, M., & Tam, L. (2013). Money buys financial security and psychological need satisfaction: Testing need theory in affluence. Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-Of-Life Measurement, 110(1), 17–29. Retrieved from http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3557&context=commpapers
  • Hudspeth, N. A. (2003). Examining the MWEP: Further validation of the multidimensional work ethic profile (Master’s thesis). Texas, USA: Texas A&M University, College Station.
  • Inglehart, R. (2002). Gender, aging, and subjective well-being. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 43, 391–408. doi:10.1177/002071520204300309
  • Iverson, R. D., & Maguire, C. (2000). The relationship between job and life satisfaction: Evidence from a remote mining community. Human Relations, 53, 807–839. doi:10.1177/0018726700536003
  • Jenkins, A. (n.d.). 5 factors that demonstrate a strong work ethic. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-factors-demonstrate-strong-work-ethic-15976.html
  • Johnson, C. L., Resch, J. A., Elliott, T. R., Villarreal, V., Kwok, O. M., Berry, J. W., & Underhill, A. T. (2010). Family satisfaction predicts life satisfaction trajectories over the first 5 years after traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 55(2), 180–187. doi:10.1037/a0019480
  • Johnson, W., & Krueger, R. F. (2006). How money buys happiness: Genetic and environmental processes linking finances and life satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(4), 680–691. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.680
  • Joshi, U. (2010). Subjective well-being by gender. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 1(1), 20–26.
  • Jun, J., & Kyle, G. T. (2012). Gender identity, leisure identity, and leisure participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 44(3), 353–378. doi:10.1080/00222216.2012.11950269
  • Kirkcaldy, B. D., Furnham, A., & Lynn, R. (1992). National differences in work attitudes between the UK and Germany. The European Work and Organizational Psychologist, 2(2), 81–102. doi:10.1080/09602009208408537
  • Knoop, R. (1994). Work values and job satisfaction. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 128, 683–690. doi:10.1080/00223980.1994.9921297
  • Kostek, J. (2012). Work centrality: A meta-analysis of the nomological network. ( Masters thesis). Bowling Green, Ohio, USA: Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/rws_etd/document/get/bgsu1339525599/inline
  • Kwizera, A. S. (2011). Quality of work and work life: Understanding the work ethic of medical professionals in selected hospitals in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. ( Doctoral dissertation). Grahamstown, Eastern Province, South Africa: Rhodes University.
  • Lapa, T. Y. (2013). Life satisfaction, leisure satisfaction and perceived freedom of park recreation participants. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1985–1993. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.153
  • Lizano, E. L. (2015). Examining the impact of job burnout on the health and well-being of human service workers: A systematic review and synthesis. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 39, 167–181. doi:10.1080/23303131.2015.1014122
  • Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297–1349). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
  • Loewe, N., Bagherzadeh, M., Araya-Castillo, L., Thieme, C., & Batista-Foguet, J. M. (2014). Life domain satisfactions as predictors of overall life satisfaction among workers: Evidence from Chile. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 71–86. doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0408-6
  • Loo, R. (2002). A caveat on using single-item versus multiple-item scales. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17, 68–75. doi:10.1108/02683940210415933
  • Lorence, J. (1987). A test of gender and job models of sex differences in job involvement. Social Forces, 66, 121–142. doi:10.2307/2578903
  • Lu, Q., Huang, X., & Bond, M. H. (2016). Culture and the Working Life: Predicting the relative centrality of work across life domains for employed persons. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47, 277–293. doi:10.1177/0022022115615235
  • Luna-Arocas, R., & Tang, T. L.-P. (2004). The love of money, satisfaction, and the Protestant work ethic: Money profiles in the U.S.A. and Spain. Journal of Business Ethics, 50, 329–354. doi:10.1023/B:BUSI.0000025081.51622.2f
  • Mannheim, B. (1993). Gender and the effects of demographics, status, and work values on work centrality. Work and Occupations, 20(1), 3–22. doi:10.1177/0730888493020001001
  • Mannheim, B., Baruch, Y., & Tal, J. (1997). Alternative models for antecedents and outcomes of work cenrality and job satisfaction of high-tech personnel. Human Relations, 50, 1537–1562. doi:10.1023/A:1016971615417
  • Masuda, A. D., & Sortheix, F. M. (2012). Work-family values, priority goals and life satisfaction: A seven year follow-up of MBA Students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(6), 1131–1144. doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9310-6
  • Matud, M. P., Ibáñez, I., Bethencourt, J. M., Marrero, R., & Carballeira, M. (2003). Structural gender differences in perceived social support. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1919–1929. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00041-2
  • McGinnity, F., Russell, H., & Smyth, E. (2008). Gender, work–Life balance and quality of life. In T. Fahey, H. Russell, & C. T. Whelan (Eds.), Quality of life in Ireland (pp. 199–215). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
  • Meisenberg, G., & Woodley, M. A. (2015). Gender differences in subjective well-being and their relationships with gender equality. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16, 1539–1555. doi:10.1007/s10902-014-9577-5
  • Meriac, J. P., Poling, T. L., & Woehr, D. J. (2009). Are there gender differences in work ethic? An examination of the measurement equivalence of the multidimensional work ethic profile. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 209–213. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.001
  • Miller, M. J., Woehr, D. J., & Hudspeth, N. (2002). The meaning and measurement of work ethic: Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional inventory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 451–489. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2001.1838
  • Mishra, V., Nielsen, I., Smyth, R., & Newman, A. (2014). The job satisfaction-life satisfaction relationship revisited: Using the Lewbel Estimation Technique to estimate causal effects using cross-sectional data. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/mos/moswps/2014-26.html
  • Modrack, S. (2008). The Protestant work ethic revisited: A promising concept or an outdated idea? Retrieved from https://bibliothek.wzb.eu/pdf/2008/i08-101.pdf
  • Moksnes, U. K., & Espnes, G. A. (2013). Self-esteem and life satisfaction in adolescents—Gender and age as potential moderators. Quality Life Research, 22, 2921–2928. doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0427-4
  • Morrow-Howell, N., Hinterlong, J., Rozario, P., & Tang, F. (2003). Effects of volunteering on the well-being of older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 58(3), S173–S180. doi:10.1093/geronb/58.3.S137
  • Myers, D., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6, 10–19. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00298.x
  • Nagy, M. S. (2002). Using a single-item approach to measure facet job satisfaction. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(1), 77–86. doi:10.1348/096317902167658
  • Nakai, M., Chen, D., Nishimura, K., & Miyamoto, Y. (2014). Comparative study of four methods in missing value imputations under missing completely at random mechanism. Open Journal of Statistics, 4, 27–37. doi:10.4236/ojs.2014.41004
  • Near, J. P. (1984). Relationships between job satisfaction and life satisfaction: Test of a causal model. Social Indicators Research, 15, 351–367. doi:10.1007/BF00351444
  • Ng., K. M., Loy, J. T. C., Gudmunson, C. G., & Cheong, W. N. (2009). Gender differences in marital and life satisfaction among Chinese Malaysians. Sex Roles, 60(1–2), 33–43. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9503-6
  • Oshio, T. (2012). Gender differences in the associations of life satisfaction with family and social relations among the elderly. Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 27, 259–274. doi:10.1007/s10823-012-9169-y
  • Pasupuleti, S., Allen, R. I., Lambert, E. G., & Cluse-Tolar, T. (2009). The impact of work stressors on the life satisfaction of social service workers: A preliminary study. Administration in Social Work, 33, 319–339. doi:10.1080/03643100902988141
  • Paul, K. I., & Moser, K. (2006). Incongruence as an explanation for the negative mental health effects of unemployment: Meta-analytic evidence. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79, 595–621. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.334.1027&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Petty, G. C., & Hill, R. B. (1994). Are women and men different? A study of the occupational work ethic. Journal of Vocational Education Research, 19, 71–89. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ504423
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879–903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  • Prentice, D. A., & Carranza, E. (2002). What women and men should be, shouldn’t be, are allowed to be, and don’t have to be: The contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 269–281. doi:10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00066
  • Prentice, D. A., & Carranza, E. (2004). Sustaining cultural beliefs in the case of their violation: The case of gender stereotypes. In M. Schaller & C. S. Crandall (Eds.), The psychological foundations of culture (pp. 259–280). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Proyer, R. T., Annen, H., Eggimann, N., Schneider, A., & Ruch, W. (2011). Assessing the “good life” in a military context: How does life and work-satisfaction relate to orientations to happiness and career-success among Swiss professional officers? Social Indicators Research, 1, 1–14. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9823-8
  • Rice, R. W., Near, J. P., & Hunt, R. G. (1980). The job-satisfaction/life-satisfaction relationship: A review of empirical research. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1(1), 37–64. doi:10.1207/s15324834basp0101_4
  • Rochlen, A. B., Good, G. E., & Carver, T. A. (2009). Predictors of gender-related barriers, work, and life satisfaction among men in nursing. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 10(1), 44–56. doi:10.1037/a0013291
  • Rode, J. C. (2004). Job satisfaction and life satisfaction revisited: A longitudinal test of an integrated model. Human Relations, 57, 1205–1230. doi:10.1177/0018726704047143
  • Rodríguez, A., Látková, P., & Sun, Y. (2008). The Relationship between leisure and life satisfaction: Application of activity and need theory. Social Indicators Research, 86, 163–175. doi:10.1007/s11205-007-9101-y
  • Saari, L. M., & Judge, T. A. (2004). Employee attitudes and job satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 43, 395–407. doi:10.1002/hrm.20032
  • Saks, A. M., Mudrack, P. E., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). The relationship between the work ethic, job attitudes, intentions to quit, and turnover for temporary service employees. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 13, 226–236. doi:10.1111/j.1936-4490.1996.tb00733.x
  • Salahudina, S. N., Alwia, M. N. R., Baharuddina, S. S., & Halimata, S. S. (2016). The relationship between work ethics and job performance. Future Academy, 465–471. doi:10.15405/epsbs.2016.11.02.43
  • Salvador, C., & Mayoral, L. (2011). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and life satisfaction in the ICT sector: A study of gender differences in Argentina. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 1(3), 242–251.
  • Scarpello, V., & Campbell, J. P. (1983). Job satisfaction: Are all the parts there? Personnel Psychology, 36, 577–600. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1983.tb02236.x
  • Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7, 147–177. doi:10.1037//1082-989X.7.2.147
  • Schafer, M. H., Mustillo, S. A., & Ferraro, K. F. (2013). Age and the tenses of life satisfaction. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(4), 571–579. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbt038
  • Schmidt, J. A., & Lee, K. (2008). Voluntary Retirement and Organizational Turnover Intentions: The differential associations with work and non-work commitment constructs. Journal of Business Psychology, 22, 297–309. doi:10.1007/s10869-008-9068-y
  • Seashore, S. E., & Taber, T. D. (1975). Job satisfaction indicators and their correlates. American Behavioral Scientist, 18, 333–367. doi:10.1177/000276427501800303
  • Sekaran, U. (1989). Paths to the job satisfaction of bank employees. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 10, 347–359. doi:10.1002/job.4030100405
  • Sharabi, M., & Harpaz, I. (2010). Improving employees’ work centrality improves organizational performance: Work events and work centrality relationships. Human Resource Development International, 13, 379–392. doi:10.1080/13678868.2010.501960
  • Sheung-Tak, C., & Chan, A. (2006). Relationship with others and life satisfaction in later life: Do gender and widowhood make a difference? Journal of Gerontology, 61(1), 46–53. doi:10.1093/geronb/61.1.P46
  • Shields, M., & Price, S. (2002). Racial harassment, job satisfaction and intentions to quit: Evidence from British nursing profession. Economica, 69, 295–362. doi:10.1111/1468-0335.00284
  • Shimazu, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Kamiyama, K., & Kawakami, N. (2015). Workaholism vs. work engagement: The two different predictors of future well-being and performance. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 22(1), 18–23. doi:10.1007/s12529-014-9410-x
  • Silverman, I. W. (2003). Gender differences in delay of gratification: A meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 49, 451–463. doi:10.1023/A:1025872421115
  • Simpson, R. (2004). Masculinity at work: The experiences of men in female dominated occupations. Work Employment and Society, 18(2), 1–35. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.426.120&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Smith, D. B., & Shields, J. (2013). Factors related to social service workers’ job satisfaction: Revisiting Herzberg’s motivation to work. Administration in Social Work, 37, 189–198. doi:10.1080/03643107.2012.673217
  • Son, J. S., & Yarnal, C. M. (2011). An integration of constraints and benefits within an older women’s social club: An examination, extension and critique. Leisure Sciences, 33(3), 205–227. doi:10.1080/01490400.2011.564923
  • Statistics Norway. (2017). The distribution of financial resources between women and men, and gender disparities in health. Retrieved from https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/artikler-og-publikasjoner/_attachment/326352?_ts=15f3a2502e8
  • Stone, A. A., Schwartz, J. E., Broderick, J. E., & Deaton, A. (2010). A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 107, 9985–9990. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003744107
  • Stutzer, A., & Frey, B. (2006). Does marriage make people happy, or do happy people get married? Journal of Socio-Economics, 35, 326–347. doi:10.1016/j.socec.2005.11.043
  • Tait, M., Padgett, M. Y., & Baldwin, T. T. (1989). Job and life satisfaction: A reevaluation of the strength of the relationship and gender effects as a function of the date of the study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 502–507. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.74.3.502
  • Tang, T. L.-P., Kim, J. K., & Tang, T. L.-V. (2002). Endorsement of the money ethic, income, and life satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17, 442–467. doi:10.1108/02683940210439388
  • Taylor, J., Bradley, S., & Nguyen, A. N. (2003). Relative pay and job satisfaction: Some new evidence. (Economics Working Paper Series. Lancaster, UK: Lancaster University, Department of Economics.
  • Toker, B. (2012). Life satisfaction among academicians: An empirical study on the universities of Turkey. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 190–195. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.637
  • United States Congress. (2016). Gender pay inequality: Consequences for women, families and the economy. Retrieved from https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/0779dc2f-4a4e-4386-b847-9ae919735acc/gender-pay-inequality—-us-congress-joint-economic-committee.pdf
  • Van Hoorn, A., & Maseland, R. (n.d.). Weber, work ethic and well-being. Retrieved from http://www.ugr.es/~teoriahe/RePEc/gra/paoner/per08_07.pdf
  • Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Hudy, M. J. (1997). Overall job satisfaction: How good are single-item measures? Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 247–252. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.247
  • Weber, M. (1958). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. (T. Parsons, Trans.). New York, NY: Scribners. [Original work published 1904-1905].
  • Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (2000). Expectancy–Value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 68–81. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1015
  • Williamson, J. C., & Geldenhuys, M. (2014). Positive work experiences and life satisfaction: The moderating role of gender. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 24, 315–320. doi:10.1080/14330237.2014.980619
  • Wilson, A. B., Vilardo, M., Fellinger, R., & Dillenbeck, T. (2015). Work-life balance satisfaction: An analysis of gender differences and contributing factors. New York Journal of Student Affairs, 14(2), 3–17. Retrieved from http://journals.canisius.edu/index.php/CSPANY/article/view/409/603
  • Woehr, D. J., Arciniega, L. M., & Lim, D. H. (2007). Examining work ethic across populations: A comparison of the multidimensional work ethic profile across three diverse cultures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67(1), 154–168. doi:10.1177/0013164406292036
  • Xiao, J. J., Chatterjee, S., & Kim, J. (2014). Factors associated with financial independence of young adults. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 38(4), 394–403. doi:10.1111/ijcs.12106
  • Yuen, C. Y. M. (2015). Gender differences in life satisfaction and spiritual health among the junior immigrant and local Hong Kong secondary students. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 20, 139–154. doi:10.1080/1364436X.2015.1061485
  • Zollar, A. C., & Williams, J. S. (1987). The contribution of marriage to the life satisfaction of Black adults. Journal of Marriage and Family, 49(1), 87–92. doi:10.2307/352673
  • Zoupanou, Z., Cropley, M., & Rydstedt, L. W. (2013). Recovery after work: The role of work beliefs in the unwinding process. PLoS ONE, 8(12), 1–9. Retrieved from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0081381&type=printable

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.