Bullies in our midst: workplace bullying among social service workers in long term care facilities

References

• Andersson, L. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. The Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 452–471. doi:10.5465/AMR.1999.2202131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayoka, O. B., Callan, V. J., & Hartel, C. E. J. (2003). Workplace conflict, bullying, and counterproductive behaviors. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(4), 283–301. doi:10.1108/eb028976
   Google Scholar
• Bartlett, J. E., & Bartlett, M. E. (2011). Workplace bullying: An integrative literature review. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 13(1), 69–84. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.lib.ou.edu/docview/909296494?accountid=12964
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, E. (1997). Commentary II. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 7, 245–247. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1298(199706)7:3<245::AID-CASP424>3.0.CO;2-9
   Google Scholar
• Bernotaite, L., & Malinauskiene, V. (2017). Workplace bullying and mental health among teachers in relation to psychosocial job characteristics and burnout. International Journal of Occupational Medicine & Environmental Health, 30(4), 629–640. doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorkqvist, K., Osterman, K., & Hjelt-Black, M. (1994). Aggression among university employees. Aggressive Behavior, 20(3), 173–184. doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1994)20:3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodsky, C. M. (1976). The Harrassed Worker. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Cowie, H., Naylor, P., Rivers, I., Smith, P. K., & Pereira, B. (2002). Measuring workplace bullying. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7, 33–51. doi:10.1016/S1359-1789(00)00034-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Criss, P. (2010). Effects of client violence on social work students: A national study. Journal of Social Work Education, 46(3), 371–390. doi:10.5175/JSWE.2010.200900038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einarsen, S. (1999). The nature and causes of bullying at work. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2), 16–27. doi:10.1108/01437729910268588
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Notelaers, G. (2009). Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the negative acts questionnaire-revised. Work & Stress, 23(1), 24–44. doi:10.1080/02678370902815673
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einarsen, S., & Skogstad, A. (1996). Bullying at work: Epidemiological findings in public and private organizations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5, 185–201. doi:10.1080/13594329608414854
   Google Scholar
• Enosh, G., & Tzafrir, S. (2015). The scope of client aggression toward social workers in Israel. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24(9), 971–985. doi:10.1080/10926771.2015.1070233
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgakopoulos, A., Wilkin, L. V., & Kent, B. (2011). Workplace bullying: A complex problem in contemporary organizations. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(3), 1–20. Retrieved from http://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol._2_No._3_[Special_Issue_-_January_2011]/1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Glendinning, P. M. (2001). Workplace bullying: Curing the cancer of the American workplace. Public Personnel Management, 30(3), 269–286. doi:10.1177/009102600103000301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandey, A. A., Kern, J. H., & Frone, M. R. (2007). Verbal abuse from outsiders versus insiders: Comparing frequency, impact on emotional exhaustion, and the role of emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(2), 63–79. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.12.1.63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris, B., & Leather, P. (2012). Levels and consequences of exposure to service user violence: Evidence from a sample of UK social care staff. British Journal of Social Work, 42(5), 851–869. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcr128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoel, H., Rayner, C., & Cooper, C. L. (1999). Workplace bullying. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 14, 195–230. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.lib.ou.edu/docview/619396251?accountid=12964
   Google Scholar
• Hubert, A. B., & Van Veldhoven, M. (2001). Risk sectors for undesirable behaviour and mobbing. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 415–424. doi:10.1080/13594320143000799
   Google Scholar
• Janoff-Bulman, R., & Frieze, I. H. (1983). A theoretical perspective for understanding reactions to victimization. Journal of Social Issues, 39, 1–17. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1983.tb00138.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayaratne, S., Croxton, T. A., & Mattison, D. (2004). A national survey of violence in the practice of social work. Families in Society, 85(4), 445–453. doi:10.1606/1044-3894.1833
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keashly, L. (1997). Emotional abuse in the workplace. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 1(1), 85–117. doi:10.1300/J135v01n01_05
   Google Scholar
• Koritsas, S., Coles, J., & Boyle, M. (2010). Workplace violence towards social workers: The Australian experience. British Journal of Social Work, 40(1), 257–271. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcn134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C. A., & Grau, A. L. (2012). The influence of authentic leadership on newly graduated nurses’ experiences of workplace bullying, burnout and retention outcomes: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49(10), 1266–1276. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBlanc, M. M., & Kelloway, E. K. (2002). Predictors and outcomes of workplace violence and aggression. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 444–453. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, D. (2000). An analysis of workplace bullying in the UK. Personnel Review, 29(5–6), 593–612. doi:10.1108/00483480010296410
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leymann, H. (1990). Mobbing and psychological terror at workplaces. Violence and Victims, 5, 119–126. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.lib.ou.edu/docview/617887347?accountid=12964
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 165–184. doi:10.1080/13594329608414853
   Google Scholar
• Li, Y., & Zhang, L. (2010). Relationship of workplace bullying with job burnout, job satisfaction and health in nurses. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 24(8), 625–628, 632. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.lib.ou.edu/docview/870550069?accountid=12964
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald, G., & Sirotich, F. (2005). Violence in the social work workplace: The Canadian experience. International Social Work, 48(6), 772–781. doi:10.1177/0020872805057087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113. doi:10.1002/job.4030020205
   Google Scholar
• Massachusetts Healthy Workplace Advocates. (2015). What it costs businesses. Retrieved from http://www.mahealthyworkplace.com/workplace/cost.html
   Google Scholar
• McAvoy, B. R., & Murtagh, J. (2003). Workplace bullying: The silent epidemic. British Medical Journal, 326, 776–777. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7393.776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merecz, D., Drabek, M., & Moscicka, A. (2009). Aggression at the workplace: Psychological consequences of abusive encounter with coworkers and clients. International Journal of Occupation Medicine & Environmental Health, 22(3), 243–260. doi:10.2478/v10001-009-0027-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkelsen, E. G., & Einarsen, S. (2002). Relationships between exposure to bullying at work and psychological and psychosomatic health complaints: The role of state negative affectivity and generalized self-efficacy. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 397–405. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkelsen, E. G., & Einarsen, S. (2002b). Basic assumptions and symptoms of post-traumatic stress among victims of bullying at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11(1), 87–111. doi:10.1080/13594320143000861
   Google Scholar
• Naseer, S., Raja, U., & Donia, M. B. L. (2016). Effect of perceived politics and perceived support on bullying and emotional exhaustion: The moderating role of type a personality. Journal of Psychology, 150(5), 606–624. doi:10.1080/00223980.2016.1154809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neall, A. M., & Tuckey, M. R. (2014). A methodological review of research on the antecedents and consequences of workplace harassment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(2), 225–257. doi:10.1111/joop.12059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neto, M., Ferreira, A., Martinez, L., & Ferreira, P. (2017). Workplace bullying and presenteeism: The path through emotional exhaustion and psychological wellbeing. Annals of Work Exposures & Health, 61(5), 528–538. doi:10.1093/annweh/wxx022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niedhammer, I., David, S., & Degionanni, S. (2006). Association between workplace bullying and depressive symptoms in the French working population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61(2), 251–259. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.03.051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niedl, K. (1996). Mobbing and well-being: Economic and personnel development implications. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5, 239–249. doi:10.1080/13594329608414857
   Google Scholar
• Pomeroy, E. C. (2013). The bully at work: What social workers can do. Social Work, 58(1), 5–8. doi:10.1093/sw/sws055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayner, C. (1998). Workplace bullying: Do something! The Journal of Occupational Health and Safety Australia and New Zealand. 14(6), 581–586.
   Google Scholar
• Rayner, C., & Hoel, H. (1997). A summary review of literature relating to workplace bullying. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 7, 181–191. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1298(199706)7:3<181::AID-CASP416>3.0.CO;2-Y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringstad, R. (2005). Conflict in the workplace: Social workers as victims and perpetrators. Social Work, 50(4), 305–313. doi:10.1093/sw/50.4.305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salin, D. (2001). Prevalence and forms of bullying among business professionals: A comparison of two different strategies for measuring bullying. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 425–441. doi:10.1080/13594320143000771
   Google Scholar
• Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2015). Workplace bullying: A tale of adverse consequences. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 12(1–2), 32–37. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.lib.ou.edu/docview/1676371574?accountid=1296
   Google Scholar
• Sarkisian, G. V., & Portwood, S. G. (2003). Client violence against social workers: From increased worker responsibility and administrative mishmash to effective prevention policy. Administration in Social Work, 27(4), 41–59. doi:10.1300/J147v27n04_04
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. doi:10.1177/0013164405282471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92. doi:10.1023/A:1015630930326
   Google Scholar
• Shier, M. L., Graham, J. R., & Nicholas, D. (2016). Interpersonal interactions, workplace violence, and occupational health outcomes among social workers. Journal of Social Work, 1–23. doi:10.1177/1468017316656089
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shier, M. L., Nicholas, D. B., Graham, J. R., & Young, A. (2018). Preventing workplace violence in human service workplaces: Organizational dynamics to support positive interpersonal interactions among colleagues. Human Service Organizations, Management, Leadership & Governance, 42, 4–18. doi:10.1080/23303131.2017.1363842
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, P. K. (1997). Bullying in life-span perspective: What can studies of school bullying and workplace bullying learn from each other. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 7, 249–255. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1298(199706)7:3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer, P. C., & Munch, S. (2003). Client violence toward social workers: The role of management in community mental health programs. Social Work, 48(4), 532–544. doi:10.1093/sw/48.4.532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Chronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. doi:10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trepanier, S., Fernet, C., & Austin, S. (2013). Workplace bullying and psychological health at work: The mediating role of satisfaction of needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness. Work & Stress, 27(2), 123–140. doi:10.1080/02678373.2013.782158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Heugten, K. (2010). Bullying of social workers: Outcomes of a grounded study into impacts and interventions. British Journal of Social Work, 40(2), 638–655. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcp003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Heugten, K. (2011). Theorizing active bystanders as change agents in workplace bullying of social workers. Families in Society, 92(2), 219–224. doi:10.1606/1044-3894.4090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler, D. L., Vassar, M., Worley, J. A., & Barnes, L. L. B. (2011). A reliability generalization meta-analysis of coefficient alpha for the maslach burnout inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 71(1), 231–244. doi:10.1177/0013164410391579
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitaker, T. (2012). Social workers and workplace bullying: Perceptions, responses and implications. Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation, 42(1), 115–123. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.lib.ou.edu/docview/1027508961?accountid=12964
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winstanley, S., & Hales, L. (2008). Prevalence of aggression towards residential social workers: Do qualifications and experience make a difference? Child & Youth Care Forum, 37(2), 103–110. doi:10.1007/s10566-008-9051-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winstanley, S., & Hales, L. (2015). A preliminary study of burnout in residential social workers experiencing workplace aggression: Might it be cyclical? British Journal of Social Work, 45(1), 24–33. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcu036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Workplace Bullying Institute. (2017). 2017 WBI U.S. workplace bullying survey. Retrieved from http://www.workplacebullying.org/2017-prevalence/
   Google Scholar
• Zapf, D., & Gross, C. (2001). Conflict escalation and coping with workplace bullying: A replication and extension. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 497–522. doi:10.1080/13594320143000834
   Google Scholar
• Zelnick, J. R., Slayter, E., Flanzbaum, B., Butler, N. G., Domingo, B., Perlstein, J., & Trust, C. (2013). Part of the job? workplace violence in massachusetts social service agencies. Health & Social Work, 38(2), 75–85. doi:10.1093/hsw/hlt007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar