1,475
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Influences of horizontal and vertical aspects of land cover and their interactions with regional factors on patterns of avian species-richness

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon | (Reviewing Editor)
Article: 1296604 | Received 01 Nov 2016, Accepted 12 Feb 2017, Published online: 02 Mar 2017

References

  • Akaike, H. (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 19, 716–723.10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705
  • Anderson, J., Hardy, E., Roach, J., & Witmer, R. (1976). A land use and land cover classification system for use with remote sensor data (Professional Paper 964). Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey.
  • AOU. (1998). The A.O.U. check-list of North American birds (Technical Report 7th Edition). Farmington, NM: American Ornithologists’ Union, Committee on Classification and Nomenclature of North and Middle American Birds. Includes through 48th Supplement.
  • Böhning-Gaese, K. (1997). Determinants of avian species richness at different spatial scales. Journal of Biogeography, 24, 49–60.10.1111/jbi.1997.24.issue-1
  • Boulinier, T., Nichols, J. D., Sauer, J. R., Hines, J. E., & Pollock, K. H. (1998). Estimating species richness: The importance of heterogeneity in species detectability. Ecology, 79, 1018–1028.10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1018:ESRTIO]2.0.CO;2
  • Boyd, D., Foody, G., & Ripple, W. (2002). Evaluation of approaches for forest cover estimation in the Pacific Northwest, USA, using remote sensing. Applied Geography, 22, 375–392.10.1016/S0143-6228(02)00048-6
  • Brown, J. H., Ernest, S. K. M., Parody, J. M., & Haskell, J. P. (2001). Regulation of diversity: Maintenance of species richness in changing environments. Oecologia, 126, 321–332.10.1007/s004420000536
  • Brown, J. H., & Sax, D. F. (2004). Gradients in species diversity: Why are there so many species in the tropics? In M. V. Lomolino, D. F. Sax, & J. H. Brown (Eds.), Foundations of biogeography—Classic papers with commentaries (pp. 1145–1154). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Cam, E., Nichols, J. D., Sauer, J. R., Hines, J. E., & Flather, C. H. (2000a). Relative species richness and community completeness: Birds and urbanization in the Mid-Atlantic States. Ecological Applications, 10, 1196–1210.10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1196:RSRACC]2.0.CO;2
  • Cam, E., Sauer, J. R., Nichols, J. D., Hines, J. E., & Flather, C. H. (2000b). Geographic analysis of species richness and community attributes of forest birds from survey data in the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Region. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 63, 81–94.10.1023/A:1006473804874
  • Carroll, C., Noss, R. F., Paquet, P. C., & Schumaker, N. H. (2003). Use of population viability analysis and reserve selection algorithms in regional conservation plans. Ecological Applications, 13, 1773–1789.10.1890/02-5195
  • Chesser, R. T., Banks, R. C., Barker, F. K., Cicero, C., Dunn, J. L., Kratter, A. W., … Lovette, I. J. (2010). Fifty-first supplement to the American ornithologists' union check-list of North American birds. The Auk, 127, 726–744.10.1525/auk.2010.127.3.726
  • Cleveland, W. S. (1981). LOWESS: A program for smoothing scatterplots by robust locally weighted regression. The American Statistician, 35, 54–54.10.2307/2683591
  • Cook, R. E. (1969). Variation in species density of North American birds. Systematic Zoology, 18, 63–84.10.2307/2412411
  • Coppedge, B. R., Engle, D. M., Masters, R. E., & Gregory, M. S. (2001). Avian response to landscape change in fragmented southern Great Plains grasslands. Ecological Applications, 11, 47–59.10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0047:ARTLCI]2.0.CO;2
  • Costanza, J., Moody, A., & Peet, R. (2011). Multi-scale environmental heterogeneity as a predictor of plant species richness. Landscape Ecology, 26, 851–864.10.1007/s10980-011-9613-3
  • Cruz-Pacheco, G., Esteva, L., & Vargas, C. (2012). Multi-species interactions in West Nile virus infection. Journal of Biological Dynamics, 6, 281–298.10.1080/17513758.2011.571721
  • Culbert, P. D., Radeloff, V. C., Flather, C. H., Kellndorfer, J. M., Rittenhouse, C. D., & Pidgeon, A. M. (2013). The influence of vertical and horizontal habitat structure on nationwide patterns of avian biodiversity. The Auk, 130, 656–665.10.1525/auk.2013.13007
  • Currie, D. J. (2007). Regional-to-global patterns of biodiversity, and what they have to say about mechanisms. In D. Storch, P. Marquet, & J. Brown (Eds.), Scaling biodiversity (pp. 258–282). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Davies, A. B., & Asner, G. P. (2014). Advances in animal ecology from 3D-LiDAR ecosystem mapping. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 29, 681–691.10.1016/j.tree.2014.10.005
  • De’ath, G., & Fabricius, K. E. (2000). Classification and regression trees: A powerful yet simple technique for ecological data analysis. Ecology, 81, 3178–3192.10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3178:CARTAP]2.0.CO;2
  • de Roos, A. M., & Sabelis, M. W. (1995). Why does space matter? In a spatial world it is hard to see the forest before the trees. Oikos, 74, 347–348.
  • del Carmen Sabatini, M., Verdiell, A., Rodríguez Iglesias, R. M., & Vidal, M. (2007). A quantitative method for zoning of protected areas and its spatial ecological implications. Journal of Environmental Management, 83, 198–206.10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.02.005
  • Donovan, T. M., & Flather, C. H. (2002). Relationships among North American songbird trends, habitat fragmentation, and landscape occupancy. Ecological Applications, 12, 364–374.
  • Elton, C. (2001). Animal ecology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Farina, A. (1998). Principles and methods in landscape ecology: Towards a science of landscape, volume 3 of landscape series (2nd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer.10.1007/978-94-015-8984-0
  • Fischer, A. G. (2004). Latitudinal gradients in organic diversity. In M. V. Lomolino, D. F. Sax, & J. H. Brown (Eds.), Foundations of biogeography—Classic papers with commentaries (pp. 1168–1185). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Flather, C. H., & Sauer, J. R. (1996). Using landscape ecology to test hypotheses about large-scale abundance patterns in migratory birds. Ecology, 77, 28–35.10.2307/2265651
  • Foley, J. A., DeFries, R., Asner, G. P., Barford, C., Bonan, G., Carpenter, S. R., … Snyder, P. K. (2005). Global consequences of land use. Science, 309, 570–574.10.1126/science.1111772
  • Frost, P., Campbell, B., Medina, G., and Usongo, L. (2006). Landscape-scale approaches for integrated natural resource management in tropical forest landscapes. Ecology and Society, 11(2), 30.10.5751/ES-01932-110230
  • Gaston, K. J., & Blackburn, T. M. (1995). mapping biodiversity using surrogates for species richness: Macro-scales and new world birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 262, 335–341.10.1098/rspb.1995.0214
  • Gaston, K. J., & Spicer, J. I. (1998). Conservation science and action. Oxford: Blackwell Science.10.1002/9781444313499
  • Gaston, K. J., & Williams, P. H. (1993). Mapping the world's species-the higher Taxon approach. Biodiversity Letters, 1, 2–8.10.2307/2999642
  • Goetz, S. J., Sun, M., Zolkos, S., Hansen, A., & Dubayah, R. (2014). The relative importance of climate and vegetation properties on patterns of North American breeding bird species richness. Environmental Research Letters, 9, 18 pp., 034013.10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034013
  • Gu, W., & Swihart, R. K. (2004). Absent or undetected? Effects of non-detection of species occurrence on wildlife-habitat models. Biological Conservation, 116, 195–203.10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00190-3
  • Hair, J. F., Tatham, R. L., Anderson, R. E., & Black, W. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
  • Hanberry, B. B. (2014). Compositional changes in selected forest ecosystems of the western United States. Applied Geography, 52, 90–98.10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.05.004
  • Harris, H. J., Milligan, M. S., & Fewless, G. A. (1983). Diversity: Quantification and ecological evaluation in freshwater marshes. Biological Conservation, 27, 99–110.10.1016/0006-3207(83)90082-4
  • Harris, J. B. C., & Haskell, D. G. (2007). Land cover sampling biases associated with roadside bird surveys. Avian Conservation and Ecology, 2(2), 1–19.
  • HilleRisLambers, J., Harsch, M. A., Ettinger, A. K., Ford, K. R., & Theobald, E. J. (2013). How will biotic interactions influence climate change–induced range shifts? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1297, 112–125.
  • Ibáñez, I., Clark, J. S., Dietze, M. C., Feeley, K., Hersh, M., LaDeau, S., … Wolosin, M. S. (2006). Predicting biodiversity change: Outside the climate envelope, beyond the species-area curve. Ecology, 87, 1896–1906.
  • Jarvis, A., Reuter, H., Nelson, A., and Guevara, E. (2008). Hole-filled SRTM for the globe [Version 4, CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90m Database]. Washington, DC: Consortium for Spatial Information.
  • Jetz, W., Wilcove, D. S., & Dobson, A. P. (2007). Projected impacts of climate and land-use change on the global diversity of birds. Public Library of Science, Biology, 5(6), e157.
  • Karr, J. R., & Roth, R. R. (1971). Vegetation structure and avian diversity in several new world areas. The American Naturalist, 105, 423–435.10.1086/282735
  • Kendall, W. L., Peterjohn, B. G., & Sauer, J. R. (1996). First-time observer effects in the North American breeding bird survey. The Auk, 113, 823–829.10.2307/4088860
  • Kolios, S., & Stylios, C. D. (2013). Identification of land cover/land use changes in the greater area of the Preveza peninsula in Greece using Landsat satellite data. Applied Geography, 40, 150–160.10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.02.005
  • Lawler, J. J., & O’Connor, R. J. (2004). How well do consistently monitored Breeding Bird Survey routes represent the environments of the counterminous United States? The Condor, 106, 801–814.10.1650/7472
  • Lévêque, C., & Mounolou, J.-C. (2003). Biodiversity (English ed.). West Sussex: Wiley.
  • Link, W. A., & Sauer, J. R. (1998). Estimating population change from count data: Application to the North American breeding bird survey. Ecological Applications, 8, 258–268.10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0258:EPCFCD]2.0.CO;2
  • Ma, Z., Zuckerberg, B., Porter, W. F., & Zhang, L. (2012). Use of localized descriptive statistics for exploring the spatial pattern changes of bird species richness at multiple scales. Applied Geography, 32, 185–194.10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.05.005
  • MacArthur, R. H. (1964). Environmental factors affecting bird species diversity. The American Naturalist, 98, 387–397.10.1086/282334
  • MacArthur, R. H. (2004). Geographical ecology: Patterns in the distribution of species. In M. V. Lomolino, D. F. Sax, & J. H. Brown (Eds.), Geographical ecology: Patterns in the distributions of species (Chapters 7, 8, pp. 1217–1253). New York, NY: Harper & Row.
  • MacArthur, R. H., & MacArthur, J. W. (1961). On bird species diversity. Ecology, 42, 594–598.10.2307/1932254
  • MacArthur, R. H., & Wilson, E. O. (1967). The theory of island biogeography, volume 1 of monographs in population biology (paperback ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Maindonald, J., & Braum, J. (2003). Data analysis and graphics using R: An example-based approach. Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Marcantonio, M., Rocchini, D., Geri, F., Bacaro, G., & Amici, V. (2013). Biodiversity, roads, and landscape fragmentation: Two Mediterranean cases. Applied Geography, 42, 63–72.10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.05.001
  • McKendry, J. E., & Machlis, G. E. (1993). The role of geography in extending biodiversity gap analaysis. Applied Geography, 13, 135–152.10.1016/0143-6228(93)90055-6
  • Naveh, Z. (1994). From biodiversity to ecodiversity: A landscape-ecology approach to conservation and restoration. Restoration Ecology, 2, 180–189.10.1111/rec.1994.2.issue-3
  • Nichols, J. D., Boulinier, T., Hines, J. E., Pollock, K. H., & Sauer, J. R. (1998). Inference methods for spatial variation in species richness and community composition when not all species are detected. Conservation Biology, 12, 1390–1398.10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97331.x
  • O’Connor, R. J., Jones, M. T., White, D., Hunsaker, C., Loveland, T., Jones, B., & Preston, E. (1996). Spatial partitioning of environmental correlates of avian biodiversity in the conterminous United States. Biodiversity Letters, 3, 97–110.10.2307/2999723
  • Oksanen, J., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., O’Hara, B., & Stevens, M. H. H. (2009). The vegan package: Community ecology package [Package ‘vegan’]. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
  • Ott, R. L., & Longnecker, M. (2001). An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis (5th ed.). Duxbury, Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson Learning.
  • Paneque-Gálvez, J., McCall, M. K., Napoletano, B. M., Wich, S. A., & Koh, L. P. (2014). Small drones for community-based forest monitoring: An assessment of their feasibility and potential in tropical areas. Forests, 5, 1481–1507.10.3390/f5061481
  • Pekin, B. K., & Pijanowski, B. C. (2012). Global land use intensity and the endangerment status of mammal species. Diversity and Distributions, 18, 909–918.10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00928.x
  • Pijanowski, B. C., & Robinson, K. D. (2011). Rates and patterns of land use change in the Upper Great Lakes States, USA: A framework for spatial temporal analysis. Landscape and Urban Planning, 102, 102–116.10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.03.014
  • Priego-Santander, Á. G., Campos, M., Bocco, G., & Ramírez-Sánchez, L. G. (2013). Relationship between landscape heterogeneity and plant species richness on the Mexican Pacific coast. Applied Geography, 40, 171–178.10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.02.013
  • Rahbek, C., Gotelli, N. J., Colwell, R. K., Entsminger, G. L., Rangel, T. F. L., & Graves, G. R. (2007). Predicting continental-scale patterns of bird species richness with spatially explicit models. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274, 165–174.10.1098/rspb.2006.3700
  • Rands, M. R. W., Adams, W. M., Bennun, L., Butchart, S. H. M., Clements, A., Coomes, D., … Entwistle, A. (2010). Biodiversity conservation: challenges beyond 2010. Science, 329, 1298–1303.10.1126/science.1189138
  • R Development Core Team. (2008). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: The R Foundation.
  • Reid, W. V. (1998). Biodiversity hotspots. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 13, 275–280.10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01363-9
  • Ripley, B. (2009). Classification and regression trees (Package ‘tree’). R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna.
  • Rojas, C., Pino, J., Basnou, C., & Vivanco, M. (2013). Assessing land-use and -cover changes in relation to geographic factors and urban planning in the metropolitan area of Concepción (Chile). Implications for biodiversity conservation. pplied Geography, 39, 93–103.
  • Russell, M. B., Domke, G. M., Woodall, C. W., & D’Amato, A. W. (2015). Comparisons of allometric and climate-derived estimates of tree coarse root carbon stocks in forests of the United States. Carbon Balance and Management, 10, 20.10.1186/s13021-015-0032-7
  • Rweyongeza, D. M., Barnhardt, L. K., & Hansen, C. (2011). Patterns of optimal growth for white spruce provenances in Alberta (Technical Report Ref. T/255). Alberta: Government of Alberta Sustainable Resource Center.
  • Sala, O. E., Chapin, F. S., III, Armesto, J. J., Berlow, E., Bloomfield, J., Dirzo, R., … Wall, D. H. (2000). Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287, 1770–1774.10.1126/science.287.5459.1770
  • Sarkar, D. (2008). Lattice: Multivariate data visualization with R. Use R!. London: Springer.10.1007/978-0-387-75969-2
  • Sauer, J. R., Peterjohn, B. G., & Link, W. A. (1994). Observer differences in the North American breeding bird survey. The Auk, 111, 50–62.10.2307/4088504
  • Seto, K. C., Güneralp, B., & Hutyra, L. R. (2012). Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 16083–16088.
  • Shannon, C. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 623–656.10.1002/bltj.1948.27.issue-4
  • Shore, T. L., Safranyik, L., & Lemieux, J. P. (2000). Susceptibility of lodgepole pine stands to the mountain pine beetle: testing of a rating system. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 30, 44–49.10.1139/x99-182
  • Sokal, R. R., & Rohlf, F. J. (1981). Biometry (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman and Company.
  • Soulé, M. E. (1991). Conservation: Tactics for a constant crisis. Science, 253, 744–750.10.1126/science.253.5021.744
  • Stehman, S., Wickham, J., Smith, J., & Yang, L. (2003). Thematic accuracy of the 1992 national land-cover data for the eastern United States: Statistical methodology and regional results. Remote Sensing of Environment, 86, 500–516.10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00128-7
  • Stephens, P. A., Mason, L. R., Green, R. E., Gregory, R. D., Sauer, J. R., Alison, J., … Willis, S. G. (2016). Consistent response of bird populations to climate change on two continents. Science, 352, 84–87.10.1126/science.aac4858
  • Storch, D., Marquet, P. A., & Brown, J. H. (2007). Introduction: Scaling biodiversity — what is the problem? In D. Storch, P. Marquet, & J. Brown (Eds.), Scaling biodiversity (pp. 1–11). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tattoni, C., Rizzolli, F., & Pedrini, P. (2012). Can LiDAR data improve bird habitat suitability models? Ecological Modelling, 245, 103–110.10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.03.020
  • Thogmartin, W. E., Gallant, A. L., Knutson, M. G., Fox, T. J., & Suárez, M. J. (2004). A cautionary tale regarding use of the national land cover dataset 1992. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 32, 970–978.10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0970:CACTRU]2.0.CO;2
  • Tilman, D., Fargione, J., Wolff, B., D’Antonio, C., Dobson, A., Howarth, R., … Swackhamer, D. (2001). Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change. Science, 292, 281–284.10.1126/science.1057544
  • Titeux, N., Henle, K., Mihoub, J.-B., Regos, A., Geijzendorffer, I. R., Cramer, W., … Brotons, L. (2016). Biodiversity scenarios neglect future land-use changes. Global Change Biology, 22, 2505–2515.10.1111/gcb.13272
  • Turner, M. G., & Cardille, J. A. (2007). Spatial heterogeneity and ecosystem processes. In J. Wu & R. Hobbs (Eds.), Cambridge studies in landscape ecology (pp. 62–77). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Turner, M. G., Gardner, R. H., & O’Neill, R. V. (2001). Landscape ecology in theory and practice: Pattern and process. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • UNCBD (United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity). (2010). Global biodiversity outlook 3 (Report). Montreal: Author.
  • Urban, N. A., & Swihart, R. K. (2009). Multiscale perspectives on occupancy of meadow jumping mice in landscapes dominated by agriculture. Journal of Mammalogy, 90, 1431–1439.10.1644/08-MAMM-A-393R.1
  • USEPA. (2014a). 1992 National land-cover dataset. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/mrlc/nlcd.html
  • USEPA. (2014b). 1992 National land-cover dataset: Definitions. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/mrlc/definitions.html
  • USNRC. (2001). Grand challenges in environmental sciences. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
  • Vierling, K. T., Vierling, L. A., Gould, W. A., Martinuzzi, S., & Clawges, R. M. (2008). Lidar: shedding new light on habitat characterization and modeling. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6, 90–98.10.1890/070001
  • Vogelmann, J., Sohl, T., Campbell, P., & Shaw, D. (1998). Regional land cover characterization using Landsat Thematic Mapper data and ancillary data sources. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 51, 415–428.10.1023/A:1005996900217
  • Wellicome, T. I., Kardynal, K. J., Franken, R. J., & Gillies, C. S. (2014). Off-road sampling reveals a different grassland bird community than roadside sampling: Implications for survey design and estimates to guide conservation. Avian Conservation and Ecology, 9(1), 1–13.
  • Whittaker, R. H. (1972). Evolution and measurement of species diversity. Taxon, 21, 213–251.10.2307/1218190
  • Whittaker, R. H. (1975). Communities and ecosystems (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Macmillan.
  • Whittaker, R. J., Willis, K. J., & Field, R. (2001). Scale and species richness: Towards a general, hierarchical theory of species diversity. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 453–470.10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00563.x
  • Wickham, J., Stehman, S., Smith, J., & Yang, L. (2004). Thematic accuracy of the 1992 national land-cover data for the western United States. Remote Sensing of Environment, 91, 452–468.10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.002
  • Wilson, E. O. (2000). A global biodiversity map. Science, 289, 2279.
  • Wilson, E. O. (2002). The future of life. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Zuur, A. F., Ieno, E. N., & Smith, G. M. (2007). Analysing ecological data. New York, NY: Springer.10.1007/978-0-387-45972-1