Oil development in the grasslands: Saskatchewan’s Bakken formation and species at risk protection

References

• Bernath-Plaisted, J., & Koper, N. (2016). Physical footprint of oil and gas infrastructure, not anthropogenic noise, reduces nesting success of some grassland songbirds. Biological Conservation, 204, 434–441.10.1016/j.biocon.2016.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, S. C., & Hodges, K. E. (2017). Critical habitat designation for Canadian listed species: Slow, biased, and incomplete. Environmental Science & Policy, 71, 1–8.10.1016/j.envsci.2017.01.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowden, M. A. (2010). Environmental assessment reform in Saskatchewan: Taking care of business. Journal of Environmental Law and Practice, 21, 261–277.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, C. E., Oedekoven, O. O., & Aldridge, C. L. (2002, April). Oil and gas development in western North America: Effects on sagebrush steppe avifauna with particular emphasis on sage-grouse. In Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference (Vol. 67, pp. 337–349).
   Google Scholar
• Carter, A. V., & Eaton, E. (2016). Saskatchewan’s ‘Wild West’ approach to fracking. Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. Retrived from https://www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/monitor/saskatchewan’s-”wild-west”-approach-fracking
   Google Scholar
• Carter, A., Fraser, G. S., & Zalik, A. (2017). Environmental policy convergence in canada's fossil fuel provinces? Regulatory streamlining, impediments, and drift. Canadian Public Policy, 43(1), 61–76.10.3138/cpp.2016-041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daigh, A., & Klaustermeier, A. W. (2016). Approaching brine spill remediation from the surface: A new in situ method. Agricultural and Environmental Letters. doi:10.2134/ael2015.12.0013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2006). Recovery strategy for the Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus circumcinctus) in Canada. Species at risk act recovery strategy series. Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2007). Recovery strategy for the Dakota Skipper (Hesperia dacotae) in Canada. Species at risk act recovery strategy series (p. vi + 25). Ottawa: Environment Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2012a). Amended recovery strategy for the Sprague’s Pipit (Anthus spragueii) in Canada. Species at risk act recovery strategy series. Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2012b). Recovery strategy for the burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) in Canada. Species at risk act recovery strategy series. Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2013a). Management plan for the long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) in Canada. Species at risk act management plan series. Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2013b). Management plan for the Great Plains Toad (Anaxyrus cognatus) in Canada. Species at risk act management plan series (pp. Iii–16). Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2013c). Amended recovery strategy for the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at risk act recovery strategy series (p. vi + 49). Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2015a). Recovery strategy for the Greater Short-horned Lizard (Phrynosoma hernandesi) in Canada. Species at risk act recovery strategy series. Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2015b). Recovery strategy for the Loggerhead Shrike Prairie subspecies (Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides) in Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2015c). Recovery strategy for the Eastern Whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at risk act recovery strategy series (pp. 5–59). Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2016a). Management plan for the Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at risk act management plan series (p. v + 35). Ottawa: Environment Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2016b). Management plan for the Pale Yellow Dune Moth (Copablepharon grandis) in Canada. Species at risk act management plan series (p. iii + 21). Ottawa: Environment Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. (2016c). Recovery strategy for the Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) in Canada. Species at risk act recovery strategy series (p. vii + 49). Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2016a). Recovery strategy and management plan for the Red Knot (Calidris canutus) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at risk act recovery strategy series. Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2016b). Management plan for the Monarch (Danaus plexippus) in Canada. Species at risk act management plan series (p. iv + 45). Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2016c). Recovery strategy for the Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at risk act recovery strategy series (p. v + 31). Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2017). Management plan for the Hairy Prairie-clover (Dalea villosa) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at risk act management plan series (p. iv + 40). Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Fiehler, C. M., Cypher, B. L., & Saslaw, L. R. (2017). Effects of oil and gas development on vertebrate community composition in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California. Global Ecology and Conservation, 9, 131–141.10.1016/j.gecco.2017.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fore, S., Overmore, K., & Hill, M. J. (2015). Grassland conservation in North Dakota and Saskatchewan: Contrasts and similarities in protected areas and their management. Journal of Land Use Science, 10(3), 2980322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of Canada. (n.d). Species at risk public registry: A to Z species list. Retrieved September 6, 2017, from https://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/sar/index/default_e.cfm
   Google Scholar
• Government of Saskatchewan. (2014). Changing how we do business: An introduction to results-based regulations and the Saskatchewan Environmental Code. Regina: Ministry of Environment. Retrieved May 15, 2017, from http://publications.gov.sk.ca/documents/66/89766-Introduction%20to%20Results%20Based%20Regulations%20and%20the%20Code.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Henwood, W. D. (2010). A strategy for the conservation and protection of the world's temperate grasslands. Great Plains Research, 20(1), 121–134.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, M. J., & Olson, R. (2013). Possible future trade-offs between agriculture, energy production, and biodiversity conservation in North Dakota. Regional Environmental Change, 13, 311–328.10.1007/s10113-012-0339-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, M., Griffin, W. M., Hendrickson, C., Jaramillo, P., VanBriesen, J., & Venkatesh, A. (2011). Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of Marcellus shale gas. Environmental Research Letters, 6, 3, 034014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lade, G. E., & Rudik I. (2017). Costs of inefficient regulation: Evidence from the Bakken. 10.3386/w24139
   Google Scholar
• Langdon, J. (2008). Bakken formation: Will it fuel Canada’s oil industry. CBC Online. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bakken-formation-will-it-fuel-canada-s-oil-industry-1.761789
   Google Scholar
• Lauer, N. E., Harkness, J. S., & Vengosh, A. (2016). Brine spills associated with unconventional oil development in North Dakota. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(10), 5389–5397.10.1021/acs.est.5b06349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooers, A. O., Doak, D. F., Findlay, C. S., Green, D. M., Grouious, C., Manne, L. L., … Whitton, J. (2010). Science, policy, and species at risk in Canada. BioScience, 60(10), 843–849.10.1525/bio.2010.60.10.11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, M. D., Cox, A. B., Wells, R. L., Benichou, C. C., & McClung, M. R. (2015). Habitat loss and modification due to gas development in the Fayetteville Shale. Environmental Management, 55(6), 1276–1284.10.1007/s00267-014-0440-6
   Google Scholar
• Nasen, L. C., Noble, B. F., & Johnstone, J. F. (2011). Environmental effects of oil and gas lease sites in a grassland ecosystem. Journal of Environmental Management, 92, 195–204.10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Energy Board. (2016). Estimated production of canadian crude oil and equivalent. Retrieved September 26, 2016, from https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/nrg/sttstc/crdlndptrlmprdct/stt/stmtdprdctn-eng.html
   Google Scholar
• Northrup, J. M., & Wittemyer, G. (2012). Characterising the impacts of emerging energy development on wildlife, with an eye towards mitigation. Ecology Letters, 16(1), 112–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olive, A. (2014a). Land, stewardship, and legitimacy: Endangered species policy in the Canada and the United States. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Olive, A. (2014b). The road to recovery: Comparing Canada and US recovery strategies for shared endangered species. The Canadian Geographer, 58(3), 263–275.10.1111/cag.v58.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olive, A., & Delshad, A. (2017). Fracking & framing: A comparative analysis of media coverage of yydraulic fracturing in Canadian and US newspapers. Environmental Communication. doi:10.1080/17524032.2016.1275734
   Google Scholar
• Parks Canada Agency. (2010). Recovery strategy for Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) in Canada. Species at risk act recovery strategy series. Ottawa: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Perez, C. R., Moye, J. K., Cacela, D., Dean, K. M., & Pritsos, C. A. (2017). Low level exposure to crude oil impacts avian flight performance: The Deepwater Horizon oil spill effect on migratory birds. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. [In Press, Corrected Proof].
   Google Scholar
• Petroleum Services Association of Canada. (2018). Fracking explained. Retrieved February 7, 2018 from https://oilandgasinfo.ca/all-about-fracking/fracking-explained/
   Google Scholar
• Prenni, A. J., Day, D. E., Evanoski-Cole, A. R., Sive, B. C., Hecobian, A., Zhou, Y., ..., Schurman, M. I. (2016). Oil and gas impacts on air quality in federal lands in the Bakken region: An overview of the Bakken air quality study and first results. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16, 1401–1416.10.5194/acp-16-1401-2016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruss, S. D., Henderson, A., Fargey, P., & Tuckwell, J. (2008). Recovery strategy for the Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) Prairie population, in Canada. Species at risk act recovery strategy series (p. vi + 23). Ottawa: Parks Canada Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Rabe, B. G. (2014). Shale play politics: The intergovernmental Odyssey of American Shale Governance. Environmental Science and Technology, 48, 8369–8375.10.1021/es4051132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahm, D., Fields, B., & Farmer, J. L. (2015). Transportation impacts of fracking in the Eagle Ford shale development in rural south Texas: Perceptions of local government officials. Journal of Rural and Community Development. 10(2).
   Google Scholar
• Roch, L. & Jaeger, J. A. G. (2014). Monitoring an ecosystem at risk: What is the degree of grassland fragmentation in the Canadian prairie? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3557-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozell, D. J., & Reaven, S. J. (2011). Water pollution risk associated with natural gas extraction from the Marcellus Shale. Risk Analysis, 32(8), 1382–1393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAR Public Registry. (n.d.). Information on the Sage grouse recovery strategy and emergency protection order. Retrieved September 9, 2017 from http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/document/default_e.cfm?documentID=1577
   Google Scholar
• Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre. (2017). Species conservation rankings. Retrieved from http://www.biodiversity.sk.ca/ranking.htm
   Google Scholar
• Savage, C. (2011). Prairie: A natural history. Vancouver, BC: Greystone Books.
   Google Scholar
• Shrestha, N., Chilkoor, G., Wilder, H., Gadhamshetty, V., & Stone, J. J. (2017). Potential water resource impacts of hydraulic fracturing from unconventional oil production in the Bakken shale. Water Research, 108, 1–24.10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small, M. J., Stern, P. C., Bomberg, E., Christopherson, S. M., Goldstein, B. D., Israel, A. L., ... North, D. W. (2014). Risks and risk governance in unconventional Shale gas development. Environmental Science and Technology, 48, 8289–8297.10.1021/es502111u
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, S. J., Johnson, D. H., Niemuth, N. D., & Ribic, C. A. (2015). Avoidance of unconventional oil wells and roads exacerbates habitat loss for grassland birds in the North American great plains. Biological Conservation, 192, 82–90.10.1016/j.biocon.2015.08.040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trail, P. W. (2006). Avian mortality at oil pits in the United States: A review of the problem and efforts for its solution. Environmental Management, 38(4), 532–544.10.1007/s00267-005-0201-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Geological Survey. (n.d.). Map of the Bakken formation. Retrieved from https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/groups/csd7/measurements/2014topdown/
   Google Scholar
• Webb, E., Bushkin-Bedient, S., Cheng, A., Kassotis, C.D., Balise, V., & Nagel, S.C. (2014). Developmental and reproductive effects of chemicals associated with unconventional oil and natural gas operations. Reviews on Environmental Health, 29 (4), 307–318.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, M., & Prieto, B. (2014). A conservation plan for Greater Sage-Grouse in Saskatchewan. Regina
   Google Scholar
• Wildlife Act. (1998). c.W-13.12, s.2; 2015, c.27, s.3.
   Google Scholar
• Zink, V., & Eaton, E. (2016). Fault lines: Life and landscape in Saskatchewan’s oil economy. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press.
   Google Scholar