The implication of climate variability on household water management; perception and practices among rural womenfolk in four communities in Ghana

References

• Adubofour, K., Obiri-Danso, K., & Quansah, C. (2013). Sanitation survey of two urban slum Muslim communities in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Environment and Urbanization, 25(1), 189–16. doi:10.1177/0956247812468255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbar, H., Minnery, J. R., Van Horen, B., & Smith, P. (2007). Community water supply for theurban poor in developing countries: The case of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Habitat International, 31(1), 24–35. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2006.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnell, N. W., Benito, G., Cogley, J. G., Döll, P., Shadrack, J., & Mwakalila, S. (2014). IPCC WGII AR5 chapter 3: Freshwater resources. UK: University of Cambridge Press
   Google Scholar
• Asante, F., & Amuakwa-Mensah, F. (2015). Climate change and variability in Ghana: stocktaking. Climate, 3(1), 78-99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, B. C., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Wu, S., & Palutikof, J. P. (2008). Climate Change and Water: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Geneva: IPCC Secretariat.
   Google Scholar
• Benebere, P., Asante, F., & Odame Appiah, D. (2017). Hindrances to adaptation to water insecurity under climate variability in peri-urban Ghana. Cogent Social Sciences, 3(1), 1394786. doi:10.1080/23311886.2017.1394786
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boateng, J. D., Brown, C. K., & Tenkorang, E. Y. (2013). Socio-economic status of women and its influence on their participation in rural water supply projects in Ghana. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2(2), 871-890.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell-Lendrum, D., Chadee, D., Honda, Y., Liu, Y., Olwoch, J., Revich, B., & Rainer, S. (2014). IPCC WGII AR5 chapter 11: Human health: Impacts, adaptation, and co-benefits. UK: University of Cambridge Press.
   Google Scholar
• Central Tongu District Assembly (2010). District Assembly profile. Retrieved from http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/District/176
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, E., Hague, S., & McKay, A. (2016). The Ghana poverty and inequality report. ASHASI, UNICEF, University of Sussex: https://www.unicef. org/ghana/Ghana_Poverty_and_Inequality_Analysis_FINAL_Matc h_2016 (1). pdf
   Google Scholar
• Dick, T. T., & Gao, J. (2013). The potential of women’s organization for rural development in Sierra Leone. Evropejskij Issledovatel, 42(2–3), 487–496.
   Google Scholar
• Doss, C. R., & Morris, M. L. (2001). How does gender affect the adoption of agricultural innovations? The case of improved maize technology in Ghana. Agricultural Economics, 25(1), 27–39. doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00233.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elum, Z. A., Modise, D. M., & Marr, A. (2017). Farmer’s perception of climate change and responsive strategies in three selected provinces of South Africa. Climate Risk Management, 16, 246–257. doi:10.1016/j.crm.2016.11.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, L., Liu, G., Wang, F., Geissen, V., & Ritsema, C. J. (2013). Factors affecting domestic water consumption in rural households upon access to improved water supply: Insights from the Wei River Basin, China. PLoS ONE, 8((8)), e71977. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service. (2010). Population and housing census. Ghana: Accra.
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service. (2014). Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 6 (GLSS 6), Main Report. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service.
   Google Scholar
• Gyampoh, B. A., Amisah, S., Idinoba, M., & Nkem, J. (2009). Using traditional knowledge to cope with climate change in rural Ghana. Unasylva, 60(281/232), 70-74.
   Google Scholar
• Hart, T., & Aliber, M. (2012). Inequalities in agricultural support for women in South Africa. Human Sciences Research Council policy brief, November, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• International Labour Organization. (2004). Working Out Of Poverty in Ghana: The Ghana Decent Work Pilot Programme. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2007). Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 112–133. doi:10.1177/1558689806298224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahinda, J. M., Taigbenu, A. E., & Boroto, R. J. (2010). Domestic rainwater harvesting as an adaptation measure to climate change in South Africa. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 35(13–14), 742–751. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2010.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karfakis, P., Lipper, L., Smulders, M., Meybeck, A. L. J., Redfern, S., & Gitz, V. (2012, April 23–24). The assessment of the socioeconomic impacts of climate change at household level and policy implications. Paper Presented At The Building Resilience For Adaptation To Climate Change In The Agriculture Sector. Proceedings of a Joint FAO/OECD Workshop, Rome, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Kimenyi, M. S., & Mbaku, J. M. (1995). Female headship, feminization of poverty and welfare. Southern Economic Journal, 44–52. doi:10.2307/1061374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kongolo, M., & Bamgose, O. O. (2002). Participation of rural women in development: A case study of Tsheseng, Thintwa, and Makhalaneng villages, South Africa. Journal of International Women‘S Studies, 4(1), 79–92.
   Google Scholar
• Koskei, E. C., Koskei, R. C., Koske, M. C., & Koech, H. K. (2013). Effect of socio-economic factors on access to improved water sources and basic sanitation in Bomet Municipality, Kenya. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 5(12), 714–719.
   Google Scholar
• Kraan, M. L. (2009). Creating space for fishermen’s livelihoods: Anlo-Ewe beach Seine fishermen’s negotiations for livelihood space within multiple governance structures in Ghana. Leiden University: African Studies Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Kremer, M., Leino, J., Miguel, E., & Zwane, A. P. (2011). Spring cleaning: Rural water impacts, valuation, and property rights institutions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(1), 145-205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence, P. R., Meigh, J., & Sullivan, C. (2002). The Water Poverty Index: An International Comparison.
   Google Scholar
• Lowe, B., Lynch, D., & Lowe, J. (2015). Reducing household water consumption: A social marketing approach. Journal of Marketing Management, 31, 378–408. doi:10.1080/0267257X.2014.971044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makutsa, P., Nzaku, K., Ogutu, P., Barasa, P., Ombeki, S., Mwaki, A., & Quick, R. E. (2001). Challenges in implementing a point-of-use water quality intervention in rural Kenya. American Journal of Public Health, 91(10), 1571-1573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Environment Science, Technology and Innovation Ghana. (2013). National Climate Change Policy. Accra: Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation.
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery, M. A., Bartram, J., & Elimelech, M. (2009). Increasing functional sustainability of water and sanitation supplies in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Engineering Science, 26(5). doi:10.1089/ees.2008.0388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller-Kuckelberg, K. (2012). Climate change and its impact on the livelihood of farmers and agricultural workers in Ghana.
   Google Scholar
• Neumann, L. E., Moglia, M., Cook, S., Nguyen, M. N., Sharma, A. K., Nguyen, T. H., & Nguyen, B. V. (2014). Water use, sanitation and health in a fragmented urban water system: Case study and household survey. Urban Water Journal, 11(3), 198-210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nzengya, D. M., & Aggarwal, R. (2013). Water accessibility and womens participation along the rural-urban gradient: A study in Lake Victoria Region, Kenya. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 6(7), 263–273. doi:10.5897/JGRP2013.0408
   Google Scholar
• Ogundele, O. J. K., Akingbade, W. A., & Akinlabi, H. B. (2012). Entrepreneurship training and education as strategic tools for poverty alleviation in Nigeria. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(1), 148–156.
   Google Scholar
• Parry, M. L. (2007). Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (Vol. 4). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Peletz, R. L. (2006). Cross-sectional epidemiological study on water and sanitation practices in the Northern Region of Ghana. USA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Ray, I. (2007). Women, water, and development. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 32. doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.32.041806.143704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S., Anker, M., & Anker, R. (2017) Living Wage Report Ghana Lower Volta Area: Context Provided in the Banana Sector. Ghana: The Global Living Wage Coalition
   Google Scholar
• Van Houweling, E., Hall, R. P., Diop, A. S., Davis, J., & Seiss, M. (2012). The role of productive water use in women‘s livelihoods: Evidence from rural senegal. Water Alternatives, 5(3), 658-677.
   Google Scholar
• Vincent, K., Cull, T., Chanika, D., Hamazakaza, P., Joubert, A., Macome, E., & Mutonhodza-Davies, C. (2013). Farmers' responses to climate variability and change in southern Africa–is it coping or adaptation? Climate and Development, 5(3), 194-205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webersik, C. (2010). Climate change and security: A gathering storm of global challenges. Santa Barbara, CA: Abc-Clio.
   Google Scholar
• Were, E., Swallow, B. M., & Roy, J. (2006). Water, women, and local social organization in the Western Kenya highlands (No. 577-2016-39209).
   Google Scholar
• WHO, UNICEF. (2016). Improved and unimproved water sources and sanitation facilities. Geneva: WHO/UNIFEC Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization, WHO/UNICEF Joint Water Supply, & Sanitation Monitoring Programme. (2015). Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2015 update and MDG assessment. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar