11,569
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

A cursory discussion of policy alternatives for addressing youth unemployment in BotswanaFootnote

& ORCID Icon | (Reviewing Editor)
Article: 1356619 | Received 04 Apr 2017, Accepted 14 Jul 2017, Published online: 27 Jul 2017

References

  • Ahmed, H. (2014). The socio-economic and political impacts of youth bulge: The case of Sudan. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1, 224–235.
  • Almeida, R., Orr, L., & Robalino, D. (2014). Wage subsidies in developing countries as a tool to build human capital: Design and implementation issues. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 3(12), 1–24.
  • Azeng, T., & Yogo, T. (2013). Youth unemployment and political instability in selected developing countries. Abidjan: African Development Bank.
  • Baatweng, V. (2015, March 29). Botswana graduates: Unemployed or unemployable? Sunday Standard. Gaborone. Retrieved February 25, 2017, from https://www.sundaystandard.info/botswana-graduates-unemployed-or-unemployable
  • Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. (2014). Online communication, social media and adolescent wellbeing: A systematic narrative review. Children and Youth Services Review, 41, 27–36.10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.001
  • BOPA. (2015, July 26). AllAfrica. Retrieved from AllAfrica Website https://allafrica.com/stories/201507270550.html
  • Bosupeng, M. (2015). Payoffs of education expenditure in Botswana: Long run economic growth implications. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 5, 85–96.
  • Burns, J., Edwards, L., & Pauw, K. (2013). Revisiting wage subsidies: How pro-poor is a South African wage subsidy likely to be? Development Southern Africa, 30, 186–210.10.1080/0376835X.2013.801197
  • Caliendo, M., & Schmidl, R. (2016). Youth unemployment and active labor market policies in Europe. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 5(1), doi:10.1186/s40173-016-0057-x
  • Dick, S., Friend, A., Dynes, K., AlKandari, F., Doust, E., Cowie, H., … Turner, S. W. (2014). A systematic review of associations between environmental exposures and development of asthma in children aged up to 9 years. BMJ Open, 4(11), e006554.10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006554
  • Diraditsile, K. (2017). Challenges to social policies: A critical analysis of youth intervention programmes in Botswana. Asia Journal of Social Science Studies, 2, 74–82.
  • Dubin, J., & Rivers, D. (1993). Experimental estimates of the impact of wage subsidies. Journal of Econometrics, 56, 219–242.10.1016/0304-4076(93)90107-G
  • Eichhorst, W., Boeri, T., De Coen, A., Galasso, V., Kendzia, M., & Steiber, N. (2014). How to combine the entry of young people in the labour market with the retention of older workers? IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 3(19), 1–23.
  • Gibson, J., McKenzie, D., & Stillman, S. (2011). The impacts of international migration on remaining household members: Omnibus results from Migration lottery program. Review of Economics and Statistics, 93, 1297–1318.10.1162/REST_a_00129
  • Golub, S., & Hayat, F. (2014, January). Employment, unemployment, and underemployment in Africa (WDER Working Paper 2014/04). Helsinki: World Institute of Development Economics Research.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199687114.013.25
  • Groh, M., Krishnan, N., McKenzie, D., & Vishwanath, T. (2012). Soft skills or hard cash? The impact of training and wage subsidy programs on female youth employment in Jordan. Washington, DC: World Bank.10.1596/prwp
  • Gruber, J., Milligan, K., & Wise, D. (2009). Social security programs and retirement around the world: The relationship to youth employment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Hollywood, E., Egdell, V., & McQuaid, R. (2012). Addressing the issue of disadvantaged youth seeking work. Social Work and Society International Online Journal, 10(1). Retrieved May 17, 2017, from https://www.socwork.net/sws/article/view/306/643
  • Huttunen, K., Pirttilä, J., & Uusitalo, R. (2013). The employment effects of low-wage subsidies. Journal of Public Economics, 97, 49–60.10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.09.007
  • International Labour Organisation. (2012). Youth employment interventions in Africa: A mapping report of the employment and labour sub-cluster. Addis Ababa: Author.
  • Joseph, M. C. (2013). Contextual realities of youth livelihood in Botswana: A gender perspective. Journal Research in Peace, Gender and Development, 3, 149–158.
  • Jousten, A., Lefèbvre, M., Perelman, S., & Pestieau, P. (2008). The effects of early retirement on youth unemployment: The case of Belgium. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. Retrieved March 15, 2017, from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2008/wp0830.pdf
  • Kalwij, A., Kapteyn, A., & de Vos, K. (2010). Retirement of older workers and employment of the young. De Economist, 158, 341–359.10.1007/s10645-010-9148-z
  • Kasongo, A. (2013). Youth wage subsidy as a possible solution to youth unemployment in South Africa. Cape Town: University of the Western Cape.
  • Lekgowe, G. (2015, August 14). Work permits to foreigners HON DR Mmatli’s excellent question. The Business Weekly. Retrieved January 25, 2017, from https://www.businessweekly.co.bw/work-permits-to-foreigners-hon-dr-mmatlis-excellent-question/
  • Levinsohn, J., Rankin, N., Roberts, G., & Schöer, V. (2014). Wage subsidies and youth employment in South Africa: Evidence from a randomised control trial. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University.
  • Mathambo, O. (2016). Budget speech. Gaborone: Government Publisher.
  • Milner, S. (2001). Globalisation and employment in France: Between flexibility and protection? Modern and Contemporary France, 9, 327–337.10.1080/09639480120065971
  • Mogalakwe, M. (2003). Botswana: An African miracle or a case of mistaken identity? Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, 17, 85–94.
  • Mogalakwe, M. (2008). Botswana: Exploading the myth of exceptionality. Africa Insights, 38, 105–117.
  • Motlaleng, G., & Narayana, N. (2014). Youth unemployment and vocational training strategies in Botswana. Journal of Social and Economic Policy, 11, 13–20.
  • Mtembu, V., & Govender, L. (2015). Perceptions of employers and unemployed youth on the proposed youth employment wage subsidy incentive in South Africa: A KwaZulu-Natal study. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(1), 1–9.
  • Neethling, T. (2016). An update on South Africa’s political risk profile in 2015/6. New Contree, 75, 66–97.
  • Nevondwe, L., & Odeku, K. (2014). The introduction of youth wage subsidy under the employment tax incentive act, 26 of 2013 and job seekers’ grant. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5, 779–783.
  • Pheko, M., & Molefhe, K. (2016). Addressing employability challenges: A framework for improving the employability of graduates in Botswana. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 1–15.10.1080/02673843.2016.1234401
  • Rankin, N., Roberts, G., & Schoer, V. (2012). The challenges that young south africans face in accessing jobs: Could a targeted wage subsidy help? Johannesburg: African Micro-Economic Research Unit, University of the Witwatersand.
  • Republic of Botswana. (2008). Eligibility for National Graduate Internship. Gaborone: Government Printer.
  • Republic of Botswana. (2015). Press release: Graduate volunteer scheme (GVS). Gaborone: Ministry of Youth and Culture.
  • Sechele, L. (2015). In their own words: Unemployed young people on tackling youth labour market entry contraints in Botswana. Journal of Sociological Research, 6, 56–67.
  • Sekwati, L., Narayana, N., & Raboloko, M. (2012). Understanding the nature of household poverty in Botswana. PULA: Botswana Journal of African Studies, 26, 71–81.
  • Siphambe, H. K. (2003). Understanding Unemployment in Botswana. South African Journal of Economics, 71, 480–495.
  • Sutherland, P. (2013). Migration is development: How migration matters to the post-2015 debate. Migration and Development, 2, 151–156.10.1080/21632324.2013.817763
  • Urdal, H. (2006). A clash of generations? Youth bulges and political violence. International Studies Quarterly, 50, 607–629.10.1111/isqu.2006.50.issue-3