“I want to shake your hand before …”: The role of clients, knowledge exchange and market dynamics in southern Italian software firms

References

• Asheim, B. T. , & Gertler, M. S. (2005). The geography of innovation: Regional innovation systems. In J. Fagerberg , D. C. Mowery , & R. R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of innovation (pp. 291–317). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Asheim, B. T. , & Isaksen, A. (2002). Regional innovation systems: The integration of local ‘sticky’ and global ‘ubiquitous’ knowledge. The Journal of Technology Transfer , 27 (1), 77–86. doi:10.1023/A:1013100704794
   Google Scholar
• Assinform . (2015). Report 2015 . Retrieved February 7, 2016, from http://www.rapportoassinform.it/Sintesi/Esplora-Il-Rapporto.it
   Google Scholar
• Audretsch, D. , & Feldman, M. (1996). Innovative clusters and the industry life cycle. Review of Industrial Organization , 11 , 253–273.10.1007/BF00157670
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, S. E. , & Edwards, R. (2012). How many qualitative interviews is enough? Expert voices and early career reflections on sampling and cases in qualitative research. National Centre for Research Methods Review Paper .
   Google Scholar
• Balland, P. A. , Boschma, R. , & Frenken, K. (2015). Proximity and innovation: From statics to dynamics. Regional Studies , 49 , 907–920. doi:10.1080/00343404.2014.883598
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bathelt, H. , & Henn, S. (2014). The geographies of knowledge transfers over distance: Toward a typology. Environment and Planning A , 46 , 1403–1424. doi:10.1068/a46115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bathelt, H. , Malmberg, A. , & Maskell, P. (2004). Clusters and knowledge: Local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Progress in Human Geography , 28 , 31–56. doi:10.1191/0309132504ph469oa
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bathelt, H. , & Turi, P. (2011). Local, global and virtual buzz: The importance of face-to-face contact in economic interaction and possibilities to go beyond. Geoforum , 42 , 520–529. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.04.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettencourt, L. , Ostrom, A. , Brown, S. , & Roundtree, R. (2002). Client co-production in knowledge-intensive business services. California Management Review , 44 , 100–128. doi:10.2307/41166145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boschma, R. (2005). Proximity and innovation: A critical assessment. Regional Studies , 39 (1), 61–74. doi:10.1080/0034340052000320887
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkley, I. (2006). Defining the knowledge economy: Knowledge economy programme report . London: The Work Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Cairncross, F. (1997). The death of distance: How the communications revolution will change our lives . Cambridge, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
   Google Scholar
• Calignano, G. , & Hassink, R. (2016). Increasing innovativeness of SMEs in peripheral areas through international networks? The case of Southern Italy, Region , 3 (1), 25–42. doi:10.18335/region.v3i1.93
   Google Scholar
• Calignano, G. , & Quarta, C. A. (2014). University of Salento’s transactional relations: Assessing the knowledge transfer of a public university in Italy. Erdkunde , 68 (2), 109–123. doi:10.3112/erdkunde.2014.02.03
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calignano, G. , & Quarta, C. A. (2015). The persistence of regional disparities in Italy through the lens of the EU nanotechnology network. Regional Studies, Regional Science , 2 (1), 469–478. doi:10.1080/21681376.2015.1075898
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castells, M. (1996). The Rise of the network society . Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Castells, M. (2004). An introduction to the information age. In F. Webster , R. Blom , E. Karvonen , H. Melin , K. Nordenstreng , & E. Puoskari (Eds.), The information society reader (pp. 138–149). NewYork/London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chesbrough, H. (2003). The era of open innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review , 44 , 35–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chetty, S. , & Holm, B. (2000). Internationalisation of small to medium-sized manufacturing firms: A network approach. International Business Review , 9 (1), 77–93. doi:10.1016/S0969-5931(99)00030-X
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, P. (2002). Knowledge economies. Clusters, learning and cooperative advantage . London/New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat . (2016). RAMON—reference and management of nomenclatures—CORRESPONDENCE TableS NACE REV. 2 –– ISIC REV . Retrieved May 10, 2015, from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/relations/index.cfm?TargetUrl=LST_LINK&StrNomRelCode=NACE%20REV.%202%20%20ISIC%20REV.%204&StrLanguageCode=EN&StrOrder=2&CboSourceNomElt=&CboTargetNomElt=&IntCurrentPage=1
   Google Scholar
• Fitjar, R. D. , & Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2011a). Innovating in the periphery: Firms, values and innovation in southwest Norway. European Planning Studies , 19 (4), 555–574. doi:10.1080/09654313.2011.548467
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitjar, R. D. , & Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2011b). When local interaction does not suffice: Sources of firm innovation in urban Norway. Environment and Planning A , 43 (6), 1248–1267. doi:10.1068/a43516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitjar, R. D. , & Rodrìguez-Pose, A. (2017). Nothing is in the air. Growth and Change , 48 (1), 22–39. doi:10.1111/grow.12161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabher, G. (2004). Learning in projects, remembering in networks? European Urban and Regional Studies , 11 , 103–123. doi:10.1177/0969776404041417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanssens, H. , Derudder, B. , Van Aelst, S. , & Witlox, F. (2014). Assessing the functional polycentricity of the Mega-City Region of Central Belgium. Regional Studies , 48 (12), 1939–1953. doi:10.1080/00343404.2012.759650
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertog, P. (2002). Co-producers of innovation: On the role of knowledge-intensive business services in innovation. In J. Gadrey & F. Gallouj (Eds.), Productivity, innovation and knowledge in services (pp. 223–255). Cheltenham/Northampton: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, R. R. (2007). Distance and trade: Disentangling unfamiliarity effects and transport cost effects. European Economic Review , 51 , 161–181. doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2005.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibert, O. (2004). Projects and firms as discordant complements: Organisational learning in the Munich software ecology. Research Policy , 33 , 1529–1546. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2004.08.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaksen, A. (2001). Building regional innovation systems: Is endogenous industrial development possible in the global economy? Canadian Journal of Regional Science , 1 , 101–120.
   Google Scholar
• Isaksen, A. (2004). Knowledge-based clusters and urban location: The clustering of software consultancy in Oslo. Urban Studies , 41 , 1157–1174. doi:10.1080/00420980410001675797
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaksen, A. (2006). Knowledge-intensive industries and regional development: The case of the software industry in Norway. In P. Cooke & A. Piccaluga (Eds.), Regional development in the knowledge economy (pp. 43–62). London/NewYork: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Isaksen, A. , & Trippl, M. (2014). Regional industrial path development in different regional innovation systems: A conceptual analysis. Papers in Innovation Studies , 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Istat . (2011). Italian industry and services census 2011 . Retrieved May 11, 2015, from http://dati-censimentoindustriaeservizi.istat.it/Index.aspx?lang=it
   Google Scholar
• Istituto Guglielmo Tagliacarne . (2014). Atlante della competitività delle Province e delle Regioni . Retrieved June 15, 2015, from http://www.unioncamere.gov.it/Atlante/selreg_frame.htm
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, K. (2004). The exaggerated death of geography: Learning, proximity and territorial innovation systems. Journal of Economic Geography , 4 (1), 3–21. doi:10.1093/jeg/4.1.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojala, A. (2009). Internationalization of knowledge-intensive SMEs: The role of network relationships in the entry to a psychically distant market. International Business Review , 18 , 50–59. doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osservatorio Ict Calabria . (2013). La Classificazione del settore ICT. Un quadro teorico di riferimento . Retrieved June 15, 2015, from http://poloinnovazione.cc-ict-sud.it/wp-content/uploads/osservatorio/Indagini/Report_Classificazione_Settore_ICT.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen, T. , & Petersen, B. (2004). Learning about foreign markets: Are Entrant firms exposed to a “shock effect”? Journal of International Marketing , 12 (1), 103–123. doi:10.1509/jimk.12.1.103.25648
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review , 76 (6), 77–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rallet, A. , & Torre, A. (1998). On geography and technology: Proximity relations in localised innovations networks. In M. Steiner (Ed.), Clusters and regional specialisation: On gerography, technology, and networks (pp. 41–56). London: Pion Publication.
   Google Scholar
• Rallet, A. , & Torre, A. (1999). Is geographical proximity necessary in the innovation networks in the era of global economy? GeoJournal , 49 (4), 373–380. doi:10.1023/A:1007140329027
   Google Scholar
• Saxenian, A. (1994). Regional advantage . Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Segelod, E. , & Jordan, G. (2004). The use and importance of external sources of knowledge in the software development process. R&D Management , 34 , 239–252. doi:10.1509/jimk.12.1.103.25648
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonn, J. W. , & Storper, M. (2008). The increasing importance of geographical proximity in knowledge production: An analysis of US patent citations, 1975–1997. Environment and Planning A , 40 , 1020–1039. doi:10.1068/a3930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternberg, R. (2007). Entrepreneurship, proximity and regional innovation systems. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie , 98 (5), 652–666. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2007.00431.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storper, M. (1995). Regional technology coalitions an essential dimension of national technology policy. Research Policy , 24 , 895–911.10.1016/0048-7333(94)00810-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storper, M. , & Venables, A. J. (2004). Buzz, face-to-face contact and the urban economy. Journal of Economic Geography , 4 (4), 351–370. doi:10.1093/jnlecg/lbh027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svimez . (2015). Rapporto 2015 sull’economia del Mezzogiorno . Bologna: Il Mulino.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, P. J. (2001). Specification of the world city network. Geographical Analysis , 33 (2), 181–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torre, A. (2008). On the role played by temporary geographical proximity in knowledge transmission. Regional Studies , 42 (6), 869–889. doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2001.tb00443.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trippl, M. , Tödtling, F. , & Lengauer, L. (2009). knowledge sourcing beyond buzz and pipelines: Evidence from the Vienna software sector. Economic Geography , 85 , 443–462. doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2009.01047.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ufficio Di Statistica Della Provincia Di Lecce . (2015). Conoscere la provincia di Lecce, Evoluzione arrivi e presenze turisti . Retrieved May 11, 2015, from http://www3.provincia.le.it/statistica/economia/turismo.html
   Google Scholar
• van Oort, F. , & Atzema, O. (2004). On the conceptualization of agglomeration economies: The case of new firm formation in the Dutch ICT sector. The Annals of Regional Science , 38 , 1–28. doi:10.1007/s00168-004-0195-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogt, W. P. (1999). Dictionary of statistics and methodology: A nontechnical guide for the social sciences . London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Weterings, A. B. R. , & Boschma, R. (2009). Does spatial proximity to customers matter for innovative performance? Evidence from the Dutch software sector. Research Policy , 38 , 746–755. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2008.12.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar