A situational analysis of health tourism for appropriation of indigenous herbal sexual stimulants and fertility enhancers in Zimbabwe: A situational analysis paper

References

• Ameh, S. , Abubakar, M. , Ambi, A. , Ikokoh, P. , Obodozie, O. , Garba, M. , & Cocker, H. (2013). Phytochemical, physicochemical and chromatographic profiling in quality control systems for select herbal medicines ( Conavir and Niprd-AM1).
   Google Scholar
• Ampuero, O. , & Vila, N. (2006). Consumer perceptions of product packaging. Journal of Consumer Marketing , 23 (2), 100–112.10.1108/07363760610655032
   Google Scholar
• Amusan, O. O. G. , Sukati, N. A. , Dlamini, P. S. , & Sibanze, F. G. (2010). Some Swazi phytomedicines and their constituents. African Journal of Biotechnology , 6 , 267–272.
   Google Scholar
• Asase, A. , Akwetey, G. A. , & Achel, D. G. (2010). Ethnopharmacological use of herbal remedies for the treatment of malaria in the Dangme West District of Ghana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 129 (3), 367–376.10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Au, D. T. , Wu, J. , Jiang, Z. , Chen, H. , Lu, G. , & Zhao, Z. (2008). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by Hakka in Guangdong, China. Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 117 (1), 41–50.10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazzano, M. (2010). A true person of no status: Notes on Zen and the art of existential therapy. Existential Analysis , 21 (1), 51–63.
   Google Scholar
• Belhassen, Y. , & Caton, K. (2006). Authenticity matters. Annals of Tourism Research , 33 (3), 853–856.10.1016/j.annals.2006.03.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodeker, G. , Carter, G. , Burford, G. , & Dvorak-Little, M. (2006). HIV/AIDS: Traditional systems of health care in the management of a global epidemic. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , 12 (6), 563–576.10.1089/acm.2006.12.563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruner, E. M. (1991). Transformation of self in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research , 18 , 238–250.10.1016/0160-7383(91)90007-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrera, P. M. , & Bridges, J. F. (2006). Globalization and healthcare: Understanding health and medical tourism. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research , 6 (4), 447–454.10.1586/14737167.6.4.447
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carter, K. A. (2008). Volunteer tourism: An exploration of the perceptions and experiences of volunteer tourists and the role of authenticity in those experiences . Lincoln University.
   Google Scholar
• Chaniotakis, I. E. , Lymperopoulos, C. , & Soureli, M. (2010). Consumers’ intentions of buying own-label premium food products. Journal of Product & Brand Management , 19 (5), 327–334.10.1108/10610421011068568
   Google Scholar
• Charity, M. , Walter, M. P. , Forbes, K. , Kumbirai, M. , & Margaret, N. (2013). Stakeholders’ knowledge, attitudes and practises towards health tourism development in Zimbabwe. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research , 3 (2), 24.
   Google Scholar
• Chauhan, N. S. , Sharma, V. , Dixit, V. , & Thakur, M. (2014). A review on plants used for improvement of sexual performance and virility. BioMed Research International .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chhabra, D. (2005). Defining authenticity and its determinants: Toward an authenticity flow model. Journal of Travel Research , 44 (1), 64–73.10.1177/0047287505276592
   Google Scholar
• Chitemerere, T. A. , & Mukanganyama, S. (2011). In vitro antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants from Zimbabwe. The African Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology , 5 (1), 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Chopra, S. , & Meindl, P. (2004). Supply chain management . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Cimanga Kanyanga, R. , Loose Wembonyama, N. , Musuyu Muganza, D. , Kikweta Munduku, C. , Mbamu Maya, B. , Kambu Kabangu, O. , . . . AJ, V. (2016). Evaluation of the potential aphrodiac activity of P-VIRIL®, a phytomedicine based lyophilized aqueous extract of the root bark of penianthus longifolia miers (menispermaceae) in male wistar rats and its acute toxicity.
   Google Scholar
• Cleland, C. L. , Hunter, R. F. , Kee, F. , Cupples, M. E. , Sallis, J. F. , & Tully, M. A. (2014). Validity of the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) in assessing levels and change in moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour. BMC Public Health , 14 (1), 92.10.1186/1471-2458-14-1255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. (1972). Towards a sociology of international tourism. Social Research , 39 , 164–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. (1974). Who is a tourist?: A conceptual clarification. The Sociological Review , 22 (4), 527–555.10.1111/j.1467-954X.1974.tb00507.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. (1979). A phenomenology of tourist experience. The Journal of British Sociological Association , 13 (2), 179–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. (1988). Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research , 13 , 371–386.10.1016/0160-7383(88)90028-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deloitte, L. (2009). Medical tourism: Update and implications. Retrieved November 10, 2010, from www.deloitte.com/us/medicaltourism
   Google Scholar
• Folashade, O. , Omoregie, H. , & Ochogu, P. (2012). Standardization of herbal medicines—A review. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation , 4 (3), 101–112.
   Google Scholar
• Ghazeeri, G. S. , Awwad, J. T. , Alameddine, M. , Younes, Z. M. , & Naja, F. (2012). Prevalence and determinants of complementary and alternative medicine use among infertile patients in Lebanon: A cross sectional study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine , 12 (1), 129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore, J. H. , & Pine, B. J. (2007). Authenticity: What consumers really want . Brighton, BU: Harvard Business Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gnanapala, W. A. (2015). Tourists perception and satisfaction: Implications for destination management. American Journal of Marketing Research , 1 (1), 7–19.
   Google Scholar
• Grunert, K. G. , Bredahl, L. , & Brunsø, K. (2004). Consumer perception of meat quality and implications for product development in the meat sector – A review. Meat Science , 66 (2), 259–272.10.1016/S0309-1740(03)00130-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock, D. (2006). The complete medical tourist: Your guide to inexpensive and safe cosmetic and medical surgery overseas . London: John Blake Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Hishe, M. , Asfaw, Z. , & Giday, M. (2016). Review on value chain analysis of medicinal Plants and the associated challenges. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies , 4 (3), 45–55.
   Google Scholar
• Hsieh, H.-F. , & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research , 15 (9), 1277–1288.10.1177/1049732305276687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunink, M. M. , Weinstein, M. C. , Wittenberg, E. , Drummond, M. F. , Pliskin, J. S. , Wong, J. B. , & Glasziou, P. P. (2014). Decision making in health and medicine: Integrating evidence and values . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139506779
   Google Scholar
• Ifeoma, O. , & Oluwakanyinsol, S. (2013). Screening of herbal medicines for potential toxicities . London: INTECH Open Access Publisher.10.5772/55886
   Google Scholar
• Ivanovic, M. (2011). Exploring the authenticity of the tourist experience in culture heritage tourism in South Africa . Mahikeng: North-West University.
   Google Scholar
• Kamatenesi-Mugisha, M. , & Oryem-Origa, H. (2005). Traditional herbal remedies used in the management of sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction in western Uganda. African Health Sciences , 5 (1), 40–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kastenholz, E. , Carneiro, M. J. , & Eusébio, C. (2005). The impact of socio-demographics on tourist behavior–analyzing segments of cultural tourists visiting Coimbra. Atlas Cultural Tourism Research Project .
   Google Scholar
• Kerstetter, D. L. , Hou, J.-S. , & Lin, C.-H. (2004). Profiling Taiwanese ecotourists using a behavioral approach. Tourism Management , 25 (4), 491–498.10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00119-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolar, T. , & Zabkar, V. (2010). A consumer-based model of authenticity: An oxymoron or the foundation of cultural heritage marketing? Tourism Management , 31 (5), 652–664.10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, S. , Dobos, G. J. , & Rampp, T. (2016). The significance of ayurvedic medicinal plants. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine , 22 (3), 494–501.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lamb, C. W. , Hair, J. F. , & McDaniel, C. (2015). MKTG 9 . Boston: Cengage Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Lara, L. , Salomao, P. , Romao, A. , Reis, R. , Navarro, P. , Rosa-e-Silva, Ana Carolina , . . . Ferriani, R. (2015). Effect of infertility on the sexual function of couples: State of the art. Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery , 9 (1), 46–53.10.2174/1872214809666150416151811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunt, N. , Smith, R. , & Exworthy, M. (2011). Medical tourism: Treatments, markets and health system implications: A scoping review . Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
   Google Scholar
• MacCannell, D. (1976). The Tourist . Chicago, IL: Shocken Books.
   Google Scholar
• Mafuva, C. , & Marima-Matarira, H. T. (2014). Towards professionalization of traditional medicine in Zimbabwe: A comparative analysis to the South African policy on traditional medicine and the Indian Ayurvedic system. International Journal of Herbal Medicine , 2(2 Part C), 154–161.
   Google Scholar
• Mamimine, P. W. (1998). Tourism and culture: A case study of Chapungu Sculpture park ( Published DPhil Thesis). University of Zimbabwe.
   Google Scholar
• Maroyi, A. (2011). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the people in Nhema communal area, Zimbabwe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 136 (2), 347–354.10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maroyi, A. (2013). Traditional use of medicinal plants in south-central Zimbabwe: Review and perspectives. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine , 9 (1), 31.10.1186/1746-4269-9-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maroyi, A. , & Cheikhyoussef, A. (2015). A comparative study of medicinal plants used in rural areas of Namibia and Zimbabwe.
   Google Scholar
• Master, H. , & Prideaux, B. (2000). Culture and vacation satisfaction: A study of Taiwanese tourists in South East Queensland. Tourism Management , 21 (5), 445–449.10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00100-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maunganidze, L. (2016). A moral compass that slipped: Indigenous knowledge systems and rural development in Zimbabwe. Cogent Social Sciences , 2 (1), 1266749.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitative content analysis. Forum: Qualitative Social Research , 1 (2). Retrieved July 28, 2008, from http://217.160.35.246/fqs-texte/2-00/2-00mayring-e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• McCormick, D. , & Schmitz, H. (2001). Manual for value chain research on homeworkers in the garment industry . Mimeo: Institute of Development Studies, Nairobi and Sussex.
   Google Scholar
• Mendizabal, E. , Hearn, S. , Anderson, A. , & Hodgkin, M. (2011). Inter-agency network for education in emergencies a community of practice, a catalyst for change. IIEP Research Papers .
   Google Scholar
• Mkono, M. (2013). Contested authenticity in Zimbabwean tourist eatertainment.
   Google Scholar
• Moreira, D. L. , Sabrina, S. T. , Helena, M. D. M. , ana, C. A. X. , De-oliveira , & Francisco, J. R. R. (2014). Traditional use and safety of herbal medicines. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy , 24 (2), 254–257.
   Google Scholar
• Moshfegh, F. , Baharara, J. , Namvar, F. , Zafar-Balanezhad, S. , Amini, E. , & Jafarzadeh, L. (2016). Effects of date palm pollen on fertility and development of reproductive system in female Balb/C mice. Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology , 5 (1).
   Google Scholar
• Muweh, A. N. (2011). Modernity in traditional medicine: Women’s experiences and perceptions in the Kumba health district, SW Region Cameroon . Umeå: Umeå International School of Public Health.
   Google Scholar
• Nkatazo, L. (2010, March 5). 80% of Zimbabwe uses traditional medicine. Newspaper, The Zimbabwean .
   Google Scholar
• Ojekale, A. B. , Lawal, O. A. , Jewo, P. I. , Oguntola, J. A. , & Abdul, L. O. (2015). Cissus populnea (Guill & Perr): A study of the aqueous extract as potential spermatogenic enhancers in Male Wistar rats. American Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 3 (5), 124–127.
   Google Scholar
• Ortega, B. , Agrawal, S. , Thea, R. , Barragan, J. , Gutierrez, R. , McCleister, D. , . . . Student, G. (2013). EALS NEWS- East Asian languages and cultural studies . OSUR. Retrieved from www.eastasian.unsb.edu/wb.content/uploads/EALS_Newsletter_Fall2013_pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pakpour, A. , Rahnama, P. , Saberi, H. , Saffari, M. , Rahimi-movaghar, V. , Burri, A. , & Hajiaghababaei, M. (2016). The relationship between anxiety, depression and religious coping strategies and erectile dysfunction in Iranian patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord , 54 (11), 1053–1057.10.1038/sc.2016.7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakpour, A. H. , Yekaninejad, M. S. , Zeidi, I. M. , & Burri, A. (2012). Prevalence and risk factors of the female sexual dysfunction in a sample of infertile Iranian women. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics , 286 (6), 1589–1596.10.1007/s00404-012-2489-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palani, S. , & Sohrabi, S. (2013). Consumer attitudes and behavior when selecting a holiday destination: introducing Kurdistan to the Finnish traveler.
   Google Scholar
• Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Pearce, P. L. , & Moscardo, G. M. (1985). The relationship between travellers' career levels and the concept of authenticity. Australian Journal of Psychology , 37 , 157–174.10.1080/00049538508256395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, B. , Pirritano, M. , Christensen, U. , & Schmidt, L. (2008). The impact of partner coping in couples experiencing infertility. Human Reproduction , 23 (5), 1128–1137.10.1093/humrep/den067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisinger, Y. , & Steiner, C. J. (2006). Reconceptualizing object authenticity. Annals of Tourism Research , 33 (1), 65–86.10.1016/j.annals.2005.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickly-Boyd, J. M. (2012). Authenticity & aura: A Benjaminian approach to tourism. Annals of Tourism Research , 39 (1), 269–289.10.1016/j.annals.2011.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins, S. P. , & Coulter, M. (2005). Management 7th. M: Prentice llall Inc, l994 .
   Google Scholar
• Rupande, G. , & Bukaliya, R. (2013). The efficacy of indigenous knowledge in scaling up HIV/AIDS treatment-practices and challenges: The case of Zimbabwe. International Journal of Advanced Research , 1 (10), 678–690.
   Google Scholar
• Salehi, S. H. , & As’ adi, K. , Naderan, M. , Shoar, S. , & Saberi, M. (2016). Assessment of erectile dysfunction following burn injury. Urology , 93 , 112–116.10.1016/j.urology.2016.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scafidi, S. (2005). Who owns culture?: Appropriation and authenticity in American law . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sewani-Rusike, C. R. (2010). Plants of Zimbabwe used as anti-fertility agents. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines , 7 (3).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shetty, P. (2010). Integrating modern and traditional medicine: Facts and figures, science and development network. Retrieved September 3, 2017, from
   Google Scholar
• Shinwari, Z. K. , & Qaiser, M. (2011). Efforts on conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany , 43 (1), 5–10.
   Google Scholar
• Silberberg, T. (1995). Cultural tourism and business opportunities for museums and heritage sites. Tourism Management , 16 (5), 361–365.10.1016/0261-5177(95)00039-Q
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tagwireyi, D. , Ball, D. , & Nhachi, C. (2002). Traditional medicine poisoning in Zimbabwe: Clinical presentation and management in adults. Human & Experimental Toxicology , 21 (11), 579–586.10.1191/0960327102ht299oa
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomka, M. (2011). Expanding religion: Religious revival in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe (Vol. 47). Walter de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110228168
   Google Scholar
• Tschopp, M. , Fröhlich, P. , Keller, P. , & Axhausen, K. (2003). Accessibility, Spatial Organisation and Demography in Switzerland through 1920 to 2000: First Results . Paper presented at the 3rd Swiss Transport Research Conference Monte Verità/Ascona.
   Google Scholar
• Waitt, G. (2000). Consuming heritage: Perceived historical authenticity. Annals of Tourism Research , 27 (4), 835–862.10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00115-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . (2005). WHO global atlas of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (Vol. 2). World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . (2007). WHO international standard terminologies on traditional medicine in the western pacific region: Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . (2008a). Traditional Medicine. Fact Sheet No. 134. Revised December 2008: WHO, USA.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . (2008b). Traditional medicine. Fact sheet Number 134.
   Google Scholar
• Woodside, A. G. , Hsu, S.-Y. , & Marshall, R. (2011). General theory of cultures’ consequences on international tourism behavior. Journal of Business Research , 64 (8), 785–799.10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.10.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeoman, I. , Brass, D. , & McMahon-Beattie, U. (2007). Current issue in tourism: The authentic tourist. Tourism Management , 28 (4), 1128–1138.10.1016/j.tourman.2006.09.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeoman, I. , Hsu, C. H. , Smith, K. , & Watson, S. (2011). Tourism and demography . Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers.
   Google Scholar