1,702
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Characteristics of Iona National Park’s visitors: Planning for ecotourism and sustainable development in Angola

, , & ORCID Icon | (Reviewing editor)
Article: 1490235 | Received 25 Jan 2018, Accepted 13 Jun 2018, Published online: 09 Jul 2018

References

  • Applegate, J. E., & Clark, K. E. (1987). Satisfaction levels of birdwatchers: An observation on the consumptive-nonconsumptive continuum. Leisure Sciences, 9, 129–134. doi:10.1080/01490408709512152
  • Bauer, H., Packer, C., Funston, P. F., Henschel, P., & Nowell, K. (2016). Panthera leo. The IUCN red list of threatened species 2016, e.T15951A107265605.
  • Bentz, J., Lopes, F., Calado, H., & Dearden, P. (2016). Managing marine wildlife tourism activities: Analysis of motivations and specialization levels of divers and whale watchers. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, 74–83. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2016.01.004
  • Bird Life International. (2016). Important bird areas factsheet: Iona national park. Bird Life International. Retrieved December 16, 2016, from http://www.birdlife.org
  • Bluwstein, J. (2017). Creating ecotourism territories: Environmentalities in Tanzania’s community-based conservation. Geoforum, 83, 101–113. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.04.009
  • Campos, N. (2013). Das potencialidades arqueológicas da bacia do Curoca/Deserto do Namibe para um estudo diacrónico desde a pré-história africana ao período colonial: Algumas notas. [The archaeological potential of the basin Curoca/Namib Desert for a diachronic study from African prehistory to the colonial period: Some notes]. Africana Studia, 20, 31–53.
  • Castanho, R., Loures, L., Fernández, J., & Pozo, L. (2016). Identifying critical factors for success in Cross Border Cooperation (CBC) development projects. Habitat International. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.10.004
  • Castanho, R. A., Vulevic, A., Cabezas, J., Fernández-Pozo, L., Goméz-Naranjo, J., & Loures, L. (2017). Accessibility and connectivity – Movement between cities, as a critical factor to achieve success on cross-border cooperation (CBC) projects. A European analysis. Sustainable Cities and Society, 32, 181–190. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2017.03.026
  • CCF. (2014). After 30-year civil war, Cheetah presence in Angola confirmed. Cheetah Conservation Fund. Retrieved December 19, 2016, from http://cheetah.org/press-release/after-30-year-civil-war-cheetah-presence-in-angola-confirmed-press-release/on
  • Chiutsi, S., Mukoroverwa, M., Karigambe, P., & Mudzengi, B. K. (2011). The theory and practice of ecotourism is Southern Africa. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 2, 14–21.
  • Diamantis, D. (1999). The characteristics of UK’s ecotourists. Tourism Recreation Research, 24, 99–102. doi:10.1080/02508281.1999.11014884
  • Duffus, D. A., & Dearden, P. (1990). Non-consumptive wildlife-oriented recreation: A conceptual framework. Biological Conservation, 53, 213–231. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(90)90087-6
  • EDETA. (2013). Plano Director do Turismo do Namibe (Vol. 1) [Namibe’s tourism master plan (Vol.1)]. Namibe: Author.
  • Emslie, R. (2012). Diceros bicornis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T6557A16980917. Retrieved December 19, 2016, from http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T6557A16980917.en
  • Eurostat. (2016). Population structure and ageing. Retrieved December 16, 2016, from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Population_structure_and_ageing
  • Fennell, D. (2008). Ecotourism (3rd ed.). London and New York: Routledge.
  • Fennell, D. A., & Smale, B. J. A. (1992). Ecotourism and natural resource protection: Implications of an alternative form of tourism for host nations. Tourism Recreation Research, 17(1), 21–32. doi:10.1080/02508281.1992.11014638
  • Galley, G., & Clifton, J. (2004). The motivational and demographic characteristics of research ecotourists: Operation Wallacea Volunteers in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Ecotourism, 3, 69–82. doi:10.1080/14724040408668150
  • Goodwin, H. (1996). In pursuit of ecotourism. Biodiversity and Conservation, 5, 277–291. doi:10.1007/BF00051774
  • Grünewald, C., Schleuning, M., & Böhning-Gaese, K. (2016). Biodiversity, scenery and infrastructure: Factors driving wildlife tourism in an African savannah national park. Biological Conservation, 201, 60–68. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.036
  • Henschel, P., Coad, L., Burton, C., Chataigner, B., Dunn, A., MacDonald, D., … Hunter, L. T. B. (2014). The lion in West Africa is critically endangered. PLoS ONE, 9(1), e83500. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083500
  • Kajikawa, Y. (2008). Research core and framework of sustainability science. Sustainability Science, 3, 215–239. doi:10.1007/s11625-008-0053-1
  • Kellert, S. R. (1985). Birdwatching in American society. Leisure Sciences, 7, 343–360. doi:10.1080/01490408509512129
  • Kiss, A. (2004). Is community-based ecotourism a good use of biodiversity conservation funds? TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, 19, 232–237. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.03.010
  • Lee, D. E., & Du Preez, M. (2016). Determining visitor preferences for rhinoceros conservation management at private, ecotourism game reserves in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: A choice modeling experiment. Ecological Economics, 130, 106–116. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.06.022
  • Lindsey, P. A., Alexander, R., Frank, L. G., Mathieson, A., & Romañach, S. S. (2006). Potential of trophy hunting to create incentives for wildlife conservation in Africa where alternative wildlife-based land uses may not be viable. Animal Conservation, 9, 283–291. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00034.x
  • Lindsey, P. A., Alexander, R., Mills, M. G. L., Romañach, S., & Woodroffe, R. (2007). Wildlife viewing preferences of visitors to protected areas in South Africa: Implications for the role of ecotourism in conservation. Journal of Ecotourism, 6, 19–33. doi:10.2167/joe133.0
  • Loker-Murphy, L. (1996). Backpackers in Australia: A motivational-based segmentation study. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 5(4), 23–45. doi:10.1300/J073v05n04_02
  • Martins, S. (2015). Labirintos Mundiais: As revoluções pós-modernas e os caminhos da incerteza global [World mazes: Postmodern revolutions and the paths of global uncertainty]. Lisboa: Silabo.
  • Medeiros, E. (2015). Territorial impact assessment and cross-border cooperation. Reg Studies Reg Sciences, 1, 97–115.
  • Meric, H. J., & Hunt, J. (1998). Ecotourists’ motivational and demographic characteristics: A case study of North Carolina travellers. Journal of Travel Research, 36(4), 57–61. doi:10.1177/004728759803600407
  • Minhotur. (2013). Plano Director do Turismo de Angola [Angola tourism master plan]. Angola: PM Media.
  • Mutanga, C. N., Vengesayi, S., Chikuta, O., Muboko, N., & Gandiwa, E. (2017). Travel motivation and tourist satisfaction with wildlife tourism experiences in Gonarezhou and Matusadona National Parks, Zimbabwe. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 20, 1–18. doi:10.1016/j.jort.2017.08.001
  • Nation Master. (2016). Tourist arrivals by region of origin, Africa: Countries compared. Retrieved December 16, 2016 from http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Economy/Tourist-arrivals-by-region-of-origin/Africa
  • Pearce, P. L. (2006). The value of a benchmarking approach for assessing service quality satisfaction in environmental tourism. In B. Prideaux, G. Moscardo, & E. Laws (Eds.), Managing tourism and hospitality services: Theory and international applications (pp. 282–299). Oxfordshire, UK: CAB International.
  • Pordata. (2017). População residente segundo os censos: Total e por estado civil -Portugal [Resident population by census: Total and by marital status – Portugal]. Retrieved January 25, 2017, from http://www.pordata.pt/Portugal/Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o+residente+segundo+os+Censos+total+e+por+estado+civil++-17
  • Powell, L. A., Kazahe, U., & Kharuxab, R. (2017). Livestock farmers engage in ecotourism as a result of beliefs and attitudes toward wildlife on communal lands in Namibia. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 22, 217–230. doi:10.1080/10871209.2017.1295490
  • Reynolds, P. C., & Braithwaite, D. (2001). Towards a conceptual framework for wildlife tourism. Tourism Management, 22, 31–42. doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00018-2
  • Rivett-Carnac, K. (2011). Cultural world heritage site scan: Lessons from four sites (Working Paper Series Nº 19). Halfway House: Development Bank of Southern Africa Limited.
  • Rodríguez-Serrano, I., Caldés, N., De La Rúa, C., Lechón, Y., & Garrido, A. (2017). Using the framework for integrated sustainability assessment (FISA) to expand the multiregional input–output analysis to account for the three pillars of sustainability. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19, 1981–1997. doi:10.1007/s10668-016-9839-y
  • Rogerson, C. M. (2012). The tourism-development nexus in sub-Saharan Africa: Progress and prospects. Africa Insight, 42(2), 28–45.
  • Saarinen, J. (2015). Setting cultural tourism in Southern Africa. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 24, 207–220.
  • Stankey, G. H., Cole, D. N., Lucas, R. C., Petersen, M. E., & Frissell, S. S. (1985). The Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) system for wilderness planning (General Technical Report INT-176). Ogden/Utah: United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.
  • Timothy, D. J., & Nyaupane, G. P. (Eds.). (2009). Cultural heritage and tourism in the developing world: A regional perspective. London and New York: Routledge.
  • UNDP (2016). Projecto Nacional de Biodiversidade. Conservação do Parque Nacional Iona [National Biodiversity Project: Conservation of Iona National Park]. United Nations Development Programme, UNDP GEF PIMS 4581/GEFSEC Project ID 4082 (Unpublished manuscript).
  • Ward, J. D. (1983). On the antiquity of Namib. South African Journal of Sciences, 79, 175–183.
  • Weaver, D. B. (2001). Ecotourism. Milton, Queensland: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Weiler, B., & Richins, H. (1995). Extreme, extravagant and elite: A profile of ecotourists on earthwatch expeditions. Tourism Recreation Research, 20(1), 29–36. doi:10.1080/02508281.1995.11014730
  • Wilson, M. A. (1987). Nature-orientated tourism in Ecuador: Assessment of industry structure and development needs (FPEI Working Paper Series, Nº 20). Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University.
  • Wolf, C., & Ripple, W. J. (2016). Prey depletion as a threat to the world’s large carnivores. Royal Society Open Science, 3, 160252. doi:10.1098/rsos.160131
  • World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our common future, the Brundtland report.
  • Yigitcanlar, T., Dur, F., & Dizdaroglu, D. (2015). Towards prosperous sustainable cities: A multiscalar urban sustainability assessment approach. Habitat International, 45, 36–46. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.033