Knowledge and innovation in the Lebanese software industry

References

• Ahmed, Z. U., & Julian, C. C. (2012). International entrepreneurship in Lebanon. Global Business Review, 13(1), 25–38. doi:10.1177/097215091101300102
   Google Scholar
• Amin, A., & Cohendet, P. (2005). Geographies of knowledge formation in firms. Industry and Innovations, 12(4), 465–486. doi:10.1080/13662710500381658
   Google Scholar
• Aridi, A. (2015). Knowledge Transfer from High-Skilled Diasporas to the Home Country: The Case of Lebanon and the United States. PhD. Dissertation. George Washington University.
   Google Scholar
• BankMed. (2014a). Analysis of Lebanon’s ICT sector. Special report. Retrieved September 18, 2016 from https://www.bankmed.com.lb
   Google Scholar
• BankMed. (2014b). Analysis of Lebanon’s education sector. Special report. [online] Retrieved September 18, 2016 from https://www.bankmed.com.lb
   Google Scholar
• Bejjani, G. (2012). Proposal for launching the high-tech industry in Lebanon. Lebanese International Finance Executives (LIFE). [online] Retrieved December 14, 2016 from www.lifelebanon.com
   Google Scholar
• Ben Hassen, T., Klein, J.-L., & Tremblay, D.-G. (2012). Interorganizational relations, proximity, and innovation: The case of the aeronautics sector in Montreal. The Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 21(1), 52–78.
   Google Scholar
• Ben Letaifa, S., & Rabeau, Y. (2013). Too close to collaborate? How geographic proximity could impede entrepreneurship and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2071–2078. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boschma, R., & Frenken, K. (2011). The emerging empirics of evolutionary economic geography. Journal of Economic Geography, 11(2), 295–307. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbq053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boschma, R. A. (2005). Proximity and innovation: A critical assessment. Regional Studies, 39(1), 61–74. doi:10.1080/0034340052000320887
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Business Software Alliance (BSA) (2016). Seizing opportunity through license compliance. BSA global software survey. [online] Retrieved June 10, 2016 from http://globalstudy.bsa.org
   Google Scholar
• Carmel, E. (2003). Taxonomy of new software exporting nations. The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, 13(2), 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Chakour, D. Z. (2001). Entrepreneurship in Lebanon: Situation and informational framework. Unpublished MBA Dissertation, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
   Google Scholar
• Chidiac, M. (2017). Vers une performance durable des PME du secteur de l’informatique au Liban. In N. Dubruc & S. Mekdessi (Eds.), Les entreprises libanaises et leur responsabilité sociale (pp. 130–154). Paris: Collection Colloques & Rencontres. L’harmattan.
   Google Scholar
• Choucair, N., & Flynn, T. (2017). Circular 331. $500+ million to create Lebanon’s knowledge-based economy? Institute for business in the global context. The Fletcher School, Tufts University. [online] Retrieved June 10, 2016 from http://fletcher.tufts.edu
   Google Scholar
• Crone, M. (2002). A profile of the Irish software industry. Northern Ireland Economic Reseach Centre, Retrieved April 2002 from http://www.qub.ac.uk/nierc/documents/Software/IrProfile.pdf. doi:10.1044/1059-0889(2002/er01)
   Google Scholar
• Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA). (2016). Innovation system in Lebanon. A system approach for gap analysis and preliminary recommendations. Report. [online] Retrieved June 16, 2016 from http://lebcsr.org
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. (2012). Higher education in Lebanon. [online] Retrieved June 8, 2016 from eacea.ec.europa.eu/tempus/participating…/lebanon_tempus_country_fiche_final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fahed-Sreih, J., Pistrui, D., Huang, W. V., & Welsch, H. P. (2010). Family and cultural factors impacting entrepreneurship in war time Lebanon. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 12(1), 35–51. doi:10.1504/IJEIM.2010.033166
   Google Scholar
• Fayad, F. (2014). Overview of the global value chain; potential of participation of Lebanon in the value chain. [online] Retrieved June 22, 2016 from http://www.ebesm.eu/template/default/files/Lebanon/ConceptPaper/GlobalValueChain.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Franke, N., & Von Hippel, E. (2003). Satisfying heterogeneous user needs via innovation toolkits: The case of Apache security software. Res. Policy, 32(7), 1199–1215. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00049-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsch, M. (2001). Co-operation in regional innovation systems. Regional Studies, 35(4), 297–307. doi:10.1080/00343400124434
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaillard, J. (2010). Science and technology in Lebanon: A university-driven activity. Science, Technology & Society, 15(2), 271–307. doi:10.1177/097172181001500205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadhri, W., Arvanitis, R., & M’Henni, H. (2016). Determinants of innovation activities in small and open economies: The Lebanese business sector. Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 21(3), 77–107. doi:10.3917/jie.021.0077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanafi, S. (2011). University systems in the Arab East: Publish globally and Perish locally vs. publish locally and Perish globally. Current Sociology, 59(3), 291–309. doi:10.1177/0011392111400782
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanafi, S., & Arvanitis, R. (2016). Knowledge production in the Arab World: The impossible promise. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Harake, W., Matta, S. N., & Hasna, Z. (2016). Lebanon economic monitor - The big swap: Dollars for trust. World Bank Working Paper. [online] Retrieved September 18, 2016 from http://documents.worldbank.org
   Google Scholar
• IDAL. (2017). Information technology. Fact book. [online] Retrieved June 16, 2016 from http://investinlebanon.gov.lb/fr
   Google Scholar
• International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA). (2013). Special 301 report on copyright protection and enforcement – Lebanon. [online] Retrieved 18 May 2016 from http://www.iipa.com/rbc/2013/2013SPEC301LEBANON.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Lam, A. (2002). Alternative societal models of learning and innovation in the knowledge economy. International Social Science Journal, 54(171), 67–82. doi:10.1111/issj.2002.54.issue-171
   Google Scholar
• Langlois, R. N., & Mowery, D. C. (1996). The federal government role in the development of the U.S. software industry. In D. C. Mowery (Ed.), The international computer software industry: A comparative study of industry evolution and structure. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lippioldt, D., & Stryszowski, P. (2009). Innovation in the software sector. OECD. [online] Retrieved January 18, 2016 from http://www.oecd.org/sti/inno/innovationinthesoftwaresector.htm
   Google Scholar
• Malecki, E. J. (2010). Everywhere? the geography of knowledge. Journal of Regional Science, 50(1), 493–513. doi:10.1111/jors.2010.50.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malecki, E. J. (2018). Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems. Geography Compass, 12(3), 1–21. doi:10.1111/gec3.v12.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malerba, F. (2005). Sectoral systems: How and why innovation differs across sectors. Chapter 14. In The Oxford Handbook of Innovation J. Fagerberg, D. Mowery, & R. R. Nelson (Eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Markusen, A. (1996). Sticky places in slippery space: A typology of industrial districts. Economic Geography, 72(3), 293–313. doi:10.2307/144402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marseglia, M. (2004). Policies for Business in the Mediterranean countries: Lebanon. Centre for Administrative Innovation in the Euro-Mediterranean Region. [online] Retrieved June 16, 2016 from http://unpan1.un.org
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Economy and Trade of Lebanon. (2014). Lebanon SME Strategy. [online] Retrieved June 16, 2016 from http://www.economy.gov.lb
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Telecommunications of Lebanon (2013). Progress Report. [online] Retrieved June 10, 2016 from www.mpt.gov.lb
   Google Scholar
• Mulas, V., Qian, K., & Henry, S. (2017). Tech start-up ecosystem in Beirut: Findings and recommendations. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/702081504876957236/pdf/119654-WP-P158155-PUBLIC-7-9-2017-17-36-21-BeirutecosystemmappingSep.pdf
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2005). Oslo manual, guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data. Paris: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Oukil, M.-S. (2011). A development perspective of technology-based entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa. Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 1–13. doi:10.3402/aie.v2i1.7986
   Google Scholar
• Polanyi, M. (1966). The tacit dimension. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Raphaeli, N. (2009). Lebanese economy between violence and political stalemate. In B. A. Rubin (Ed.), Lebanon: Liberation, conflict, and crisis (pp. 109–130). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, J., Jones, M. R., & Furneaux, B. (2016). An integrated model of innovation drivers for smaller software firms. Information and Management, 53(3), 307–323. doi:10.1016/j.im.2015.10.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh, H. A. (2014). The perceptions of lebanese students of choosing their career in entrepreneurship. Jordan Journal Of Business Administration, 10, 2. doi:10.12816/0026196
   Google Scholar
• Sayigh, Y. A. (1962). Entrepreneurs of Lebanon: The role of the business leader in a developing economy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41, 49–72. doi:10.1111/etap.2017.41.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: A sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23, 1759–1769. doi:10.1080/09654313.2015.1061484
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Startup Ecosystem Think Tank (SETT). (2015). Lebanon’s Startup Ecosystem roadmap. Report for The Central Bank of Lebanon. [online] Retrieved December 16, 2016 from http://settpartners.com/
   Google Scholar
• Stel, N. M. (2013). Entrepreneurs in the dark: the impact of fragile and hybrid governance on lebanese entrepreneurship – A case study of the electricity sector. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 18, 3. doi:10.1142/S1084946713500179
   Google Scholar
• Tödtling, F., Grillitsch, M., & Höglinger, C. (2012). Knowledge sourcing and innovation in Austrian ICT companies—How does geography matter?’. Industry and Innovation, 19(4), 327–348. doi:10.1080/13662716.2012.694678
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tödtling, F., Lehner, P., & Trippl, M. (2006). Innovation in knowledge intensive industries: The nature and geography of knowledge links. European Planning Studies, 14(8), 1035–1058. doi:10.1080/09654310600852365
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torre, A. (2008). On the role played by temporary geographical proximity in knowledge transfer. Regional Studies, 42(6), 869–889. doi:10.1080/00343400801922814
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torre, A. (2011). The role of proximity during long-distance collaborative projects. Temporary geographical proximity helps. International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy, 7(1/2/3), 213–230. doi:10.1504/IJFIP.2011.040075
   Google Scholar
• Torre, A. (2014). Relations de proximité et comportements d’innovation des entreprises des clusters – Le cas du cluster de l’optique en Ile de France. Revue Française de Gestion, 242(5), 49–80. doi:10.3166/rfg.242.49-80
   Google Scholar
• Torre, A., & Caron, A. (2005). Réflexions sur les dimensions négatives de la proximité: Le cas des conflits d’usage et de voisinage. Économie et institutions, 6–7, 183–220. doi:10.4000/ei.952
   Google Scholar
• UK Lebanon Tech Hub (2016). The Future of Lebanon’s Knowledge Economy. Report. [online] Retrieved May 11, 2016 from https://www.uklebhub.com
   Google Scholar
• Uzzi, B. (1996). The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: The network effect. American Sociological Review, 61(4), 674–698. doi:10.2307/2096399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsh, D. H. B., & Raven, P. (2006). Family business in the Middle East: An exploratory study of retail management in Kuwait and Lebanon. Family Business Review, 19(1), 29–48. doi:10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00058.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Economic Forum. (2016). Global information technology report world. [online] Retrieved December 16, 2016 from www.weforum.org
   Google Scholar
• World Intellectual property organization (WIPO) (2015). Study on the Economic Contribution of the Software Industry in Lebanon. [online] Retrieved December 16, 2016 from http://www.databank.com.lb
   Google Scholar