Smart application of learning ecotourism for young eco-tourists

References

• Ali, A., & Frew, A. J. (2010). ICT and its role in sustainable tourism development. In U. Gretzel, R. Law, & M. Fuchs (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2010 (pp. 479–17). Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99407-8_40
   Google Scholar
• Bai, B., Hu, C., Elsworth, J., & Countryman, C. (2005). Online travel planning and college students: The spring break experience. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 17(2–3), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v17n02_07
   Google Scholar
• Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., Packer, J., & Ballantyne, R. (2013). Developing ecotourists’ environmentally sustainable behaviour. In R. Ballantyne & J. Packer (Eds.), International Handbook on ecotourism (pp. 192–202). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857939975.00022
   Google Scholar
• Barton, C., Haywood, J., Jhunjhunwala, P., & Bhatia, V. (2013). Traveling with millennials. Boston consulting group. https://www.bcg.com/documents/file129974.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bizirgianni, I., & Dionysopoulou, P. (2013). The influence of tourist trends of youth tourism through social media (SM) & information and communication technologies (ICTs). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 73, 652–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.02.102
   Google Scholar
• Bowser, G., Gretzel, U., Davis, E., & Brown, M. (2014). Educating the future of sustainability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 6(2), 692–701. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6020692
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briandana, R., & Dwityas, N. A. (2018). Social media in travel decision making process. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(7), 291–292.
   Google Scholar
• Buffa, F. (2015). Young tourists and sustainability. Profiles, attitudes, and implications for destination strategies. Sustainability (Switzerland), 7(10), 14042–14062. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71014042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhalis, D., & Amaranggana, A. (2013). Smart tourism destinations. In Z. Xiang & T. Iis (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, 2014, 553–564. Dublin, Ireland: Springer, Cham https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03973-2_40
   Google Scholar
• Carr, N. (2003). University and college students’ tourism. In B. W. Ritchie (Ed.), Managing educational tourism (pp. 181–225). Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Cavagnaro, E., & Staffieri, S. (2015). A study of students’ travellers values and needs in order to establish futures patterns and insights. Journal of Tourism Futures, 1(2), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-12-2014-0013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavagnaro, E., Staffieri, S., & Postma, A. (2018). Understanding millennials’ tourism experience: Values and meaning to travel as a key for identifying target clusters for youth (sustainable) tourism. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), 31–42.https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-12-2017-0058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chafe, Z. (2007). Consumer demand for quality in ecotourism. In R. Black & A. Crabtree (Eds.), Quality assurance and certification in ecotourism (pp. 164–195). CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845932374.0164
   Google Scholar
• Chao, C. L., Lin, K. C., Tseng, C. M., Erdene, T., & Chen, Y. F. (2014). An app for promoting health and local tourism. In Proceedings - 2014 International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control, IS3C 2014 (pp. 1175–1178). Taichung, Taiwan. https://doi.org/10.1109/IS3C.2014.305
   Google Scholar
• Chapman, D. (2016). Youth tourism and volunteer tourism: New source of growth. WYSE Travel Confederation. Belgrade, Serbia: WYSE Travel Confederation.
   Google Scholar
• Chittangwattana, B. (2014). Sustainable Tourism Development. Thammasarn.
   Google Scholar
• Chiu, H. Y., Chan, C. S., & Marafa, L. M. (2016). Local perception and preferences in nature tourism in Hong Kong. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20, 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.07.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cini, F., Leone, L., & Passafaro, P. (2012). Promoting ecotourism among young people: A segmentation strategy. Environment and Behavior, 44(1), 87–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916510389313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cini, F., & Passafaro, P. (2019). Youth and ecotourism: A qualitative exploration. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 19(1), 126–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358417704887
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cini, F., Van der Merwe, P., & Saayman, M. (2015). Tourism students’ knowledge and tenets towards ecotourism. Journal of Teaching in Travel and Tourism, 15(1), 74–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2014.999737
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobbinah, P. B. (2015). Contextualising the meaning of ecotourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.07.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., & Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(10), 872–909. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.850064
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demeter, T., Brătucu, G., & Palade, A. (2015). Dynamics of the youth travel market on a global level. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, 8(57), 95–106.
   Google Scholar
• Donohoe, H. M., & Needham, R. D. (2006). Ecotourism: The evolving contemporary definition. Journal of Ecotourism, 5(3), 192–210. https://doi.org/10.2167/joe152.0
   Google Scholar
• Dorsey, E. R., Steeves, H. L., & Porras, L. E. (2004). Advertising ecotourism on the internet: Commodifying environment and culture. New Media and Society, 6(6), 753–779. https://doi.org/10.1177/146144804044328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fennell, D. A. (2001). A content analysis of ecotourism definitions. Current Issues in Tourism, 4(5), 403–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500108667896
   Google Scholar
• Fesenmaier, D. R., Xiang, Z., Pan, B., & Law, R. (2011). A framework of search engine use for travel planning. Journal of Travel Research, 50(6), 587–601. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510385466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischer, D. I. (2010). Ecotourism: Principles and practices. Tourism Management, 31(4), 556–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gretzel, U., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2009). Information technology: Shaping the past, present, and future of tourism. In T. Jamal & M. Robinson (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of tourism studies (pp. 558–580). MPG Books Group.
   Google Scholar
• Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: Foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0196-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halvatzaras, D., & Kabassi, K. (2016). Towards the experimental studies of a web-based platform for eco-tourism. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science, 4(3), 35–49.
   Google Scholar
• Han, H., Lee, S., & Lee, C. K. (2011). Extending the theory of planned behavior: Visa exemptions and the traveller decision-making process. Tourism Geographies, 13(1), 45–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2010.529930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, W. C., Chung, N., Gretzel, U., & Koo, C. (2015). Constructivist research in smart tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, 25(1), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.14329/apjis.2015.25.1.105
   Google Scholar
• Ivars-Baidal, J. A., Celdrán-Bernabeu, M. A., Mazón, J. N., & Perles-Ivars, Á. F. (2019). Smart destinations and the evolution of ICTs: A new scenario for destination management? Current Issues in Tourism, 22(13), 1581–1600. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1388771
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovicic, D. Z. (2019). From the traditional understanding of tourism destination to the smart tourism destination. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(3), 276–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1313203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, S., Jodice, L. W., & Norman, W. C. (2019). How do tourists search for tourism information via smartphone before and during their trip? Tourism Recreation Research, 45(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2019.1627076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasim, A., & Wickens, E. (2018). Exploring youth awareness, intention and opinion on green travel: The case of Malaysia. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 18(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358418781441
   Google Scholar
• Katsoni, V., & Dologlou, N. (2016). ICT applications and Web 2.0 components for tourism in protected areas. In V. Katsoni & A. Stratigea (Eds.), Tourism and culture in the age of innovation (pp. 563–575). Springer, Cham.
   Google Scholar
• Katsoni, V., & Dologlou, N. (2017). ICT applications in smart ecotourism environments. In A. Stratigea, E. Kyriakides, & C. Nicolaides (Eds.), Smart cities in the mediterranean (pp. 225–244). Springer, Cham.
   Google Scholar
• Kontogeorgopoulos, N., & Chulikavit, K. (2010). Supply-side perspectives on ecotourism in northern Thailand. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(5), 627–641. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.785
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, P. H., & Shafer, S. (2005). Marketing ecotourism through the internet: An evaluation of selected ecolodges in Latin America and the Caribbean. Journal of Ecotourism, 4(3), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/JET.v4.i3.pg143
   Google Scholar
• Leask, A., Fyall, A., & Barron, P. (2013). Generation Y: Opportunity or challenge - strategies to engage generation Y in the UK attractions’ sector. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(1), 17–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2011.642856
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., & Wang, Y. (2010). Evaluating the effectiveness of destination marketing organisations’ websites: Evidence from China. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(5), 536–549. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.772
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., Hu, C., Huang, C., & Duan, L. (2017). The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism information services. Tourism Management, 58, 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, J., & Guechtouli, M. (2019). What are the factors influencing youth’s perception of ethical tourism? The major role of internet and social media. Question(s) De Management, 24(2), 151. https://doi.org/10.3917/qdm.192.0151
   Google Scholar
• Meiliana,, Irmanti, D., Hidayat, M. R., Amalina, N. V., & Suryani, D. (2017). Mobile smart travelling application for indonesia tourism. In W. Budiharto & H. Ham (Eds.),Procedia computer science (Vol. 116, pp. 556–563). Bali, Indonesia: Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.10.059
   Google Scholar
• Miller, Z. D., Taff, B. D., Newman, P., & Lawhon, B. (2019). A proposed research agenda on social media’s role in visitor use and experience in parks and protected areas. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 37(3), 134–142. https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9553
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misso, R., Andreopoulou, Z., Cesaretti, G. P., Hanna, S. S., & Tzoulis, I. (2018). Sustainable development and green tourism: New practices for excellence in the digital era. Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 11(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1504/JIBED.2018.090035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mkono, M., & Holder, A. (2019). The future of animals in tourism recreation: Social media as spaces of collective moral reflexivity. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moisă, C. O. (2010). Aspects of the youth travel demand. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 2(12), 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Nisi, V., Dionísio, M., Silva, C., & Nunes, N. J. (2019). A participatory platform supporting awareness and empathy building between tourists and locals. In Proceedings of the 13th Biannual Conference of the Italian SIGCHI Chapter on Designing the next interaction - CHItaly ’19 (pp. 1–10). Padova, Italy: ACM Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nitti, M., Pilloni, V., Giusto, D., & Popescu, V. (2017). IoT Architecture for a sustainable tourism application in a smart city environment. Mobile Information Systems, 2017, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9201640
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramírez, F., & Santana, J. C. (2019). Key lessons learned by teaching ecotourism to undergraduate students in Bogotá’s urban wetlands. Applied Environmental Education and Communication, 18(3), 234–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533015X.2018.1454359
   Google Scholar
• Reisinger, Y., & Mavondo, F. (2002). Determinants of youth travel markets’ perceptions of tourism destinations. Tourism Analysis, 7(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354202129687688
   Google Scholar
• Richards, G. (2007). New Horizons II – The Young Independent Traveller. In (WYSE Travel Confereration, Ed.). Amsteradam: WYSE Travel Confereration.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, G. (2006). STC/UNWTO survey on student and youth tourism among national tourism administrations/organizations. In UNWTO (Ed.), Tourism market trends, 2005 edition-world overview & tourism topics (pp. 95–213). Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2003). New horizons in independent youth and student travel. In D. Jones, Ed., A report to the international student travel. Amsterdam: International Student Travel Confederation (ISTC). http://www.atlas-euro.org/pages/pdf/FINAL_Full_Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ruhanen, L. (2019). The prominence of eco in ecotourism experiences: An analysis of post-purchase online reviews. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 39(39), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.03.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruíz, M. A. C., Bohorquez, S. T., & Molano, J. I. R. (2017). Colombian tourism: Proposal app to foster smart tourism in the country. Advanced Science Letters, 23(11), 10533–10537. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.10096
   Google Scholar
• Sangpikul, A. (2008). A critical review of ecotourism studies in Thailand. Tourism Analysis, 13(3), 281–293. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354208786094825
   Google Scholar
• Sangpikul, A., & Batra, A. (2007). Ecotourism: A perspective from Thai youths. The Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport and Tourism, 6(1), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.3794/johlste.61.153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigala, M., Christou, E., & Gretzel, U. (2016). Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: Theory, practice and cases. Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: Theory, practice and cases. Ashgate Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315609515
   Google Scholar
• Tetiwat, O., Esichaikul, V., & Esichaikul, R. (2019). Requirement patterns analysis and design of online social media marketing for promoting eco-tourism in Thailand. In H. Unger, S. Sodsee, & P. Meesad (Eds.), Advances in intelligent systems and computing (Vol. 769, pp. 277–285). Springer, Cham.
   Google Scholar
• Tsai, T. H., Chang, H. T., Lin, Y. W., Yu, M. C., Lien, P. J., Yan, W. C., & Ho, W. L. (2018). Emerging social media and social networks analysis transforms the tourism industry: Living green smart tourism ecosystem. In M. Antona & C. Stephanidis (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science (including subseries lecture notes in artificial intelligence and lecture notes in bioinformatics) (Vol. 10908 LNCS, pp. 583–590). Springer, Cham.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92052-8_46
   Google Scholar
• UNWTO and WYSE Travel Confederation. (2016). Affiliate members global report: Volume 13 - The power of youth travel. UNWTO. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284417162
   Google Scholar
• Walker, K., & Moscardo, G. (2014). Encouraging sustainability beyond the tourist experience: Ecotourism, interpretation and values. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(8), 1175–1196. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.918134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, R. (2019). Ecotourism in Asia: How strong branding creates opportunity for local economies and the environment. In R. Hashim, M. H. M. Hanafiah, & M. R. Jamaluddin (Eds.), Positioning and branding tourism destinations for global competitiveness (pp. 192–211). IGI Global.
   Google Scholar
• Walter, P. (2009). Local knowledge and adult learning in environmental adult education: Community-based ecotourism in southern Thailand. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 28(4), 513–532. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370903031363
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., & Russo, S. M. (2007). Conceptualizing and evaluating the functions of destination marketing systems. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 13(3), 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766707077687
   Google Scholar
• World Tourism Organization. (2010). Youth travel matters – Understanding the global phenomenon of youth travel.
   Google Scholar
• World Tourism Organization. (2016). Global Report on The Power of Youth Travel.IN UNWTO Affiliate Memers Programme, Ed. Madrid, Spain: UNWTO. https://www.wysetc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Global-Report_Power-of-Youth-Travel_2016.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wu, R., & Chen, H. (2018). Determinants of travel intention among asian visitors at the cultural creative parks: perspective from theory of planned behavior. In In C. Khoo-Lattimore & E. Yang (Eds.),Asian Youth Travellers (pp. 153–173). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8539-0_9
   Google Scholar
• Xiang, Z., Tussyadiah, I., & Buhalis, D. (2015). Smart destinations: Foundations, analytics, and applications. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4(3), 143–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar