Neo-liberalism (s), socio-spatial transformation and violence reduction in Cape Town – lessons from Medellin

References

• Bauer, B. (2010). Violence prevention through urban upgrading: Experience from financial Cooperation, Germany. In German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Brand, P. (2010). Governing Inequality in the South through the Barcelona Model: social urbanism in Medellin, Colombia, Interrogating Urban Crisis: Governance, Contestation, Critique, De Montfort University, 9–21 September
   Google Scholar
• Brand, P. (2013, September 9-11). Governing Inequality in the South through the Barcelona Model: Social urbanism in Medellin, Colombia. Interrogating Urban Crisis: Governance, Contestation, Critique, De Montfort University.
   Google Scholar
• Brand, P., & Davila, J. D. (2011). Mobility Innovation at the Urban Margins. City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 15(6), 647–661. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2011.609007
   Google Scholar
• Brenner, N., & Theodore, N. (2002). Cities and the Geographies of Actually Existing Neoliberalism. Antipode, 34(3), 349–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00246
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown-Luthango, M. (2015). “Collective (in) efficacy, substance abuse and violence in Freedom Park, Cape Town. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 31(1), pg.123–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-015-9448-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown-Luthango, M. (2019). Sticking to themselves: Neighbourliness and safety in two self-help projects in Cape Town, South Africa. Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa, Issue, 99(1), 37–60. https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2019.0010
   Google Scholar
• Castro, L., & Echeverri, A. (2011). Bogotá and Medellín: Architecture and politics. Architectural Design, 2011 (pp. 96-103). https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.1246
   Google Scholar
• City of Cape Town. (2013). City of Cape Town – Social Development Strategy. Cape Town: City of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• City of Cape Town. (2014). Voortrekker road corridor integration zone: Strategy and investment plan – status quo analysis report. Cape Town: City of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• City of Cape Town. (2017a). Built environment performance plan (BEPP) 2017/2018 – As approved by council. Cape Town: City of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• City of Cape Town. (2018). Municipal spatial development framework – council approved. Cape Town: City of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• CoGTA. (2014). Integrated urban development framework – draft for discussion. Department for Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs. Republic of South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham, L. (2012, September/October). Transit-oriented development – A viable solution to revitalise inner cities. Right of Way.
   Google Scholar
• Da Schio, N., & Brekke, K. (2013). The relative carbon footprint of cities. Working Paper du Programme Villes et Territoires, SciencesPO, Observatory of European Institutions.
   Google Scholar
• Dewar, D. (2004). The relevance of the compact city approach: The management of urban growth in South African cities in compact cities: Sustainable urban forms for developing countries, Jenks, M and Burgess, R (eds). London and New York.
   Google Scholar
• Duncan, T. E., Duncan, S. C., & Okut, H. (2003). A multilevel contextual model of neighbourhood collective efficacy. American Journal of Community Psychology, 32(3–4), 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AJCP.0000004745.90888.af
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edigheji, O. (2004). Globalisation and the paradox of participatory governance in Southern Africa: The case of the new South Africa. African Journal of International Affairs, 7(1 & 2), 1–20. DOI: 10.4314/ajia.v7i1-2.57212
   Google Scholar
• Franz, T. (2016). Urban governance and economic development in Medellin: An urban miracle?. Latin American Perspectives, 44(213), 52–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X16668313
   Google Scholar
• Fukuyama, F., & Colby, S. (2011). Half a Miracle. Foreign Policy, Washington. Retrieved 7 September 2015, from https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/04/25/half-a-miracle/
   Google Scholar
• Gaventa, J. (2002). Exploring Citizenship, Participation and Accountability. Retrieved 30 June 2020, from www.opendocs.ids.ac.uk
   Google Scholar
• Goga, K., Salcedo-Albaran, E., & Goredama, C. (2014). A Network of Violence: Mapping a criminal gang network in Cape Town. ISS Paper 271, Institute for Security Studies. Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Goredama, C., & Goga, K. (2014). Crime Networks and Governance in Cape Town – The quest for enlightened responses. ISS Paper 262, Institute for Security Studies. Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Guthrie, A., & Fan, Y. (2016). Developers Perspective on Transit-oriented Development. Transport Policy, 51, 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Garcia, J. (2013). Slum tourism, city branding and social urbanism: The case of Medellin, Colombia. Journal of Place Management and Development, 6(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538331311306122
   Google Scholar
• Hitge, G., & Vanderschuren, M. (2015). “Comparison of travel time between private car and public transport in Cape Town”, Technical Paper. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, 57(3), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2015/V57N3A5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, J., & van Hemert, J. (2008). Transit-oriented Development. Research Monologue Series: Urban Form, Transportation. The Rocky Mountain Land Use Institute.
   Google Scholar
• IDRC. (2002). Privatizing Cape Town: Service delivery and policy reforms since 1996. Occasional Paper No. 7, Municipal Services Project. Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Imparato, I., & Ruster, J. (2003). Slum Upgrading and Participation: Lessons from Latin America. The International Bank of Reconstruction and Development/World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, S. (2005). The South African Transition: From development to security? Development and Change, 36(3), 551–570. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0012-155X.2005.00423.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, S. (2010). The security and development nexus in Cape Town: War on gangs, counterinsurgency and citizenship. Security and Dialogue, 41(1), 77–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010609357038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessop, B. (2002). Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism and Urban Governance – A state-theoretical perspective. Antipode, 34(3), 452–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnes, I. (2000). From urban street gangs to criminal empires: The changing face of gangs in the Western Cape. Monograph, 48, 1-41. European Union. https://www.africaportal.org/publications/from-urban-street-gangs-to-criminal-empires-the-changing-face-of-gangs-in-the-western-cape/
   Google Scholar
• Lambrechts, D. (2012). The impact of organised crime on state social control: Organised criminal groups and local governance on the cape flats, South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies, 38(4), 787–807. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2012.749060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leal, P. A. (2007). Participation: The ascendancy of a buzzword in the neo-liberal era. Development in Practice, 17(4–5), 539–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520701469518
   Google Scholar
• McDonald, A., & Smith, L. (2004). Privatising Cape Town: From Apartheid to Neoliberalism in the Mother City. Urban Studies, 41(8), 1461–1484. https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098042000226957
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, D. A. (2008). Introduction - world city syndrome: Neoliberalism and inequality in Cape Town. Routledge Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miraftab, F. (2004). Invited and invented spaces of participation: Neoliberal citizenship and feminist expanded notion of politics. Wagadu, 1, 1–7, Spring 2004. http://sites.cortland.edu/wagadu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2014/02/miraftab.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Miraftub, F. (2004). Making Neo-liberal Governance: The disempowering work of empowerment. International Planning Studies, 9(4), 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563470500050130
   Google Scholar
• Moncada, E. (2016). Urban violence, political economy and territorial control: Insights from Medellin. Latin American Research Review, 51(4), 225–248. https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2016.0057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monno, V., & Khakee, A. (2012). Tokenism or political activism – some reflections on participatory planning. International Planning Studies, 17(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2011.638181
   Google Scholar
• Moser, C. O. N. (1989). Community Participation in urban projects in the third world. Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• National Treasury. (2013). Guidelines for the implementation of the Integrated City Development Grant in 2013/2014. National Treasury. Republic of South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Orsini, F. (2016). A City Transformation: Urbanism & Architecture as a tool for Social Integration in Medellín, presented as part of the African Centre for Cities (ACC) Socio-Spatial Transformation seminar series, 22 September 2016, University of Cape Town. Cape Town, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Parnell, S., & Robinson, J. (2012). (Re)Theorizing cities from the global south: Looking beyond neoliberalism. Urban Geography, 33(4), 593–617. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.33.4.593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patino, F. (2011). An integrated upgrading initiative by municipal authorities: A case study of Medellin. In UN Habitat Ed., Building urban safety through urban upgrading (pp. 7–20).
   Google Scholar
• Pieterse, E. (2014). Transport system and densification must foster mutually inclusive plans. Cape Times, 18(July), 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Pinnock, D. (1984). Breaking the Web: Economic Consequences of the destruction of extended families by Group Areas relocations in Cape Town. Carnegie Conference Paper, no. 258, 2nd Carnegie investigation into poverty and development in Southern Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Pinnock, D. (1997). Gangs, Rituals and Rites of Passage – Preface. African Sun Press. Cape Town: African Sun Press.
   Google Scholar
• Provoost, M. (2015). Cape Town – Densification as a Cure for a Segregated City, International New Town Institute: Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• SACN. (2014). How to build transit-oriented cities: Exploring possibilities. South African Cities Network.
   Google Scholar
• SACN. (2017). The state of urban safety in South Africa Report 2017. A report of the Urban Safety Reference Group. Johannesburg: South African Cities Network.
   Google Scholar
• Samara, T. R. (2010). Policing Development: Urban renewal as neoliberal security strategy. Urban Studies, 47(1), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009349772
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson, R. J. (2003). The neighbourhood context of well-being. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 46(3), S53–S64. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2003.0059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scruggs, G. (2014). Latin America’s New Superstar: How gritty, crime-ridden Medellin became a model for 21st century urbanism. The Next City. Ford Foundation. Retrieved 3 June 2020, from https://nextcity.org/features/view/medellins-eternal-spring-social-urbanism-transforms-latin-america
   Google Scholar
• Sites, W. (2007). Contesting the Neoliberal City? Theories of Neoliberalism and Urban Strategies of Contention. In Leitner, H., Peck, J., and Sheppard, E. S. (Eds), Contesting Neoliberalism - Urban Frontiers (Chapter 6). The Guidford Press. New York
   Google Scholar
• Sotomayor, L. (2015). Equitable Planning through Territories of Exception: The contours of Medellin’s urban development projects. IDPR, 37(4), 2015. https://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2015.23,373-397
   Google Scholar
• Turok, I. (2014). Medellin’s ‘Social Urbanism’ a Model for City Transformation. viewed 7 September 2015, from. http://mg.co.za/article/2014-05-15-citys-social-urbanism-offers-a-model
   Google Scholar
• Un Habitat. (2007). Reducing Urban Crime and Violence: Policy Directions – Enhancing Urban Safety and Security. Global Report on Human Settlements 2007, Abridged Edition, Volume 1. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• UN-Habitat. (2014). Practical guide to designing, planning and implementing citywide slum upgrading programs. United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, V. (2014). Co-production and Collaboration in Planning – The difference. Planning Theory and Practice, 15(1), 62–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2013.866266
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, D. (2004). Toward a Contingent Urban Neoliberalism”. Urban Geography, 25(8), 771–783. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.25.8.771
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar