1,735
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
LEISURE & TOURISM

Impact of organizational trust on organizational commitment: the moderating effect of national identity

, ORCID Icon &
Article: 2309712 | Received 09 Sep 2022, Accepted 19 Jan 2024, Published online: 04 Feb 2024

References

  • Akter, S., D’ambra, J., & Ray, P. (2011). An evaluation of PLS based complex models: the roles of power analysis, predictive relevance and GoF index. https://ro.uow.edu.au/commpapers/3126/
  • Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
  • AlNuaimi, B. K., Singh, S. K., Ren, S., Budhwar, P., & Vorobyev, D. (2022). Mastering digital transformation: The nexus between leadership, agility, and digital strategy. Journal of Business Research, 145, 636–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.038
  • Alomran, A. M., Azim Ahmed, T. S. A., Alajloni, A. A., Kassem, A. M., El-Kholy, M. M. A., & Shaker, E. S. M. (2022). Do external corporate social responsibility activities related to the local community during COVID-19 increase employees’ job performance? Evidence from hospitality and tourism establishments at Hail city, KSA. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2093467. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2093467
  • Al-Sulami, N. H. (2023). Measuring the impact of tourism on economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (5th ed., issue: 51). Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing. (In Arabic)
  • Aman, S., Hassan, N. M., Khattak, M. N., Moustafa, M. A., Fakhri, M., & Ahmad, Z. (2021). Impact of tourist’s environmental awareness on pro-environmental behavior with the mediating effect of tourist’s environmental concern and moderating effect of tourist’s environmental attachment. Sustainability, 13(23), 12998. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132312998
  • Ampofo, E. T. (2020). Mediation effects of job satisfaction and work engagement on the relationship between organisational embeddedness and affective commitment among frontline employees of star–rated hotels in Accra. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44, 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.002
  • Aruoren, E. E., & Tarurhor, E. M. (2023). Influence of authentic leadership on organizational trust: The mediatory role of organizational commitment. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 5(1), 18–32.
  • Atalay, M. O., Birincioglu, N., & Acuner, T. (2022). Effect of perceived organizational support and organizational trust on young academics’ organizational commitment. Argumenta Oeconomica, 2022(1), 201–233. https://doi.org/10.15611/aoe.2022.1.09
  • Bakiev, E. (2013). The influence of interpersonal trust and organizational commitment on perceived organizational performance. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 3(3), 166–180.
  • Bastug, G., Pala, A., Kumartasli, M., Günel, Duyan, M., Baştug, G., Pala, A., Kumartaşli, M., Günel., & Duyan, M. (2016). Investigation of the relationship between organizational trust and organizational commitment. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(6), 1418–1425. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.040619
  • Berraies, S., Hamza, K. A., & Chtioui, R. (2021). Distributed leadership and exploratory and exploitative innovations: Mediating roles of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing and organizational trust. Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(5), 1287–1318. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-04-2020-0311
  • Bulińska-Stangrecka, H., & Iddagoda, Y. A. (2020). The relationship between inter-organizational trust and employee engagement and performance. https://depot.ceon.pl/handle/123456789/18195
  • Bushman, R. M., Piotroski, J. D., & Smith, A. J. (2004). What determines corporate transparency? Journal of Accounting Research, 42(2), 207–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2004.00136.x
  • Byrne, B. M. (2013). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Routledge.
  • Cahigas, M. M., Prasetyo, Y. T., Persada, S. F., Ong, A. K. S., & Nadlifatin, R. (2022). Understanding the perceived behavior of public utility bus passengers during the era of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: Application of social exchange theory and theory of planned behavior. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 45, 100840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2022.100840
  • Celep, C., & Yilmazturk, O. E. (2012). The relationship among organizational trust, multidimensional organizational commitment and perceived organizational support in educational organizations. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5763–5776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.512
  • Chang, C.-P., & Liao, I.-F. (2009). Individual characteristics, organizational justice and job attitudes of employees under non-standard work arrangements: Study of employees of international tourist hotels. International Journal of Management, 26(2), 224.
  • Chathoth, P. K., Mak, B., Jauhari, V., & Manaktola, K. (2007). Employees’ perceptions of organizational trust and service climate: A structural model combining their effects on employee satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 31(3), 338–357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348007299922
  • Chen, S.-Y., Wu, W.-C., Chang, C.-S., Lin, C.-T., Kung, J.-Y., Weng, H.-C., Lin, Y.-T., & Lee, S.-I. (2015). Organizational justice, trust, and identification and their effects on organizational commitment in hospital nursing staff. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1), 363. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-1016-8
  • Clark, M. C., & Payne, R. L. (1997). The nature and structure of workers’ trust in management. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(3), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199705)18:3<205::AID-JOB792>3.0.CO;2-V
  • Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., & LePine, J. A. (2007). Trust, trustworthiness, and trust propensity: A meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk taking and job performance. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 909–927. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.909
  • Colquitt, J., Lepine, J. A., & Wesson, M. J. (2014). Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Cook, K. S., Cheshire, C., Rice, E. R. W., & Nakagawa, S. (2013). Social exchange theory (pp. 61–88). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0_3
  • Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R., & Hall, A. V. (2017). Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 479–516. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0099
  • Cruz, F., Cañizares, S., & Guzman, T. (2014). Organisational commitment: A key variable in the hotel sector of the province of Cordoba, Spain. European Journal of Tourism Research, 7, 109–126. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v7i.143
  • Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive: Studies in evaluative dependence. Wiley
  • Cufaude, J. B. (1999). If learning mattered most, how would our work with student leaders and organizations be different? Student development series. Campus Activities Programming, 32(3), 86–90.
  • Dang, N. H., & Maurer, O. (2021). Place-related concepts and pro-environmental behavior in tourism research: A conceptual framework. Sustainability, 13(21), 11861. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111861
  • Davidson, M. C. G. (2003). Does organizational climate add to service quality in hotels? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15(4), 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110310475658
  • Eluwole, K. K., Karatepe, O. M., & Avci, T. (2022). Ethical leadership, trust in organization and their impacts on critical hotel employee outcomes. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 102, 103153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103153
  • Esterhuyse, L. (2019). Towards corporate transparency. The Bottom Line, 32(4), 290–307. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-03-2019-0081
  • Fang, M., Fan, P., Nepal, S., & Chang, P. C. (2020). Dual-mediation paths linking corporate social responsibility to employee’s job performance: A multilevel approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 612565. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.612565
  • Fard, P. G., & Karimi, F. (2015). The relationship between organizational trust and organizational silence with job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the employees of university. International Education Studies, 8(11), 219. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n11p219
  • Gansser, O. A., Boßow-Thies, S., & Krol, B. (2021). Creating trust and commitment in B2B services. Industrial Marketing Management, 97, 274–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.07.005
  • Gaudencio, P., Coelho, A., & Ribeiro, N. (2017). The role of trust in corporate social responsibility and worker relationships. Journal of Management Development, 36(4), 478–492. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-02-2016-0026
  • Gefen, D., & Straub, D. W. (2004). Consumer trust in B2C e-commerce and the importance of social presence: Experiments in e-Products and e-Services. Omega, 32(6), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2004.01.006
  • Gellatly, I. R., & Withey, M. J. (2012). Organisational trust, affective commitment and bureaucratic control. Journal of Trust Research, 2(1), 31–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2012.659936
  • General Authority for Statistics. (2020). Tourism establishment statistics for 2020. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • George, N. A., Aboobaker, N., & Edward, M. (2021). Corporate social responsibility, organizational trust and commitment: A moderated mediation model. Personnel Review, 50(4), 1093–1111. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2020-0144
  • Gold, A. H. (2001). Arvind Malhotra AH. Journal of Management Information Systems, 2001, 18.
  • Gunlu, E., Aksarayli, M., & Perçin, N. Ş. (2010). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment of hotel managers in Turkey. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(5), 693–717. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111011053819
  • Ha, J.-C., & Lee, J.-W. (2022). Realization of a sustainable high-performance organization through procedural justice: The dual mediating role of organizational trust and organizational commitment. Sustainability, 14(3), 1259. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031259
  • Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
  • Hair, J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (Vol. 46, Issues 1–2). Sage. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.002
  • Harrison McKnight, D., Choudhury, V., & Kacmar, C. (2002). The impact of initial consumer trust on intentions to transact with a web site: A trust building model. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11(3–4), 297–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8687(02)00020-3
  • Hayunintyas, R. F., Do, B. R., Sudiro, A., & Irawanto, D. W. (2018). Organizational justice and effective organizational commitment mediated by organizational trust and perceived organizational support: Study at the largest poultry industry company in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Management and Business Application, 6(3), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.apmba.2018.006.03.4
  • Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2015-0382
  • Hirschi, A., & Spurk, D. (2021). Ambitious employees: Why and when ambition relates to performance and organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 127, 103576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103576
  • Hom, P. W., Tsui, A. S., Wu, J. B., Lee, T. W., Zhang, A. Y., Fu, P. P., & Li, L. (2009). Explaining employment relationships with social exchange and job embeddedness. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 277–297. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013453
  • Hon, L. C., & Grunig, J. E. (1999). Guidelines for measuring relationships in public relations. Institute for Public Relations.
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Evaluating model fit: A synthesis of the structural equation modelling literature [Paper presentation]. 7th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies (pp. 195–200).
  • Hough, C., Green, K., & Plumlee, G. (2015). Impact of ethics environment and organizational trust on employee engagement. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 18(3), 45.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424–453. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.424
  • Islam, M. N., Furuoka, F., & Idris, A. (2021). Mapping the relationship between transformational leadership, trust in leadership and employee championing behavior during organizational change. Asia Pacific Management Review, 26(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2020.09.002
  • Jaccard, J., Wan, C. K., & Turrisi, R. (1990). The detection and interpretation of interaction effects between continuous variables in multiple regression. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(4), 467–478. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2504_4
  • Jeong, M., & Oh, H. (2017). Business-to-business social exchange relationship beyond trust and commitment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 65, 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.06.004
  • Jiang, Z., Gollan, P. J., & Brooks, G. (2017). Relationships between organizational justice, organizational trust and organizational commitment: A cross-cultural study of China, South Korea and Australia. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(7), 973–1004. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1128457
  • Kang, D., & Stewart, J. (2007). Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership and HRD. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 28(6), 531–551. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730710780976
  • Karatepe, O. M. (2013). Perceptions of organizational politics and hotel employee outcomes: The mediating role of work engagement. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(1), 82–104. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111311290237
  • Kim, K. Y., Eisenberger, R., & Baik, K. (2016). Perceived organizational support and affective organizational commitment: Moderating influence of perceived organizational competence. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(4), 558–583. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2081
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. In Methodology in the social sciences (Vol. 2). Sage. https://doi.org/10.1038/156278a0
  • Ko, J., Jang, H., & Kim, S. Y. (2021). The effect of corporate social responsibility recognition on organisational commitment in global freight forwarders. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 37(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsl.2020.12.005
  • Lambert, E. G., Pasupuleti, S., Cluse-Tolar, T., Srinivasa, S. R., & Jiang, S. (2022). Research note: The effects of organizational trust on the work attitudes of US social workers. Journal of Social Service Research, 48(1), 120–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2021.1976350
  • Lewicka, D., Karp-Zawlik, P., & Pec, M. (2017). Organizational trust and normative commitment. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio H, Oeconomia, 51(3), 71. https://doi.org/10.17951/h.2017.51.3.71
  • Li, X., Guo, Y., & Zhou, S. (2021). Chinese preschool teachers’ income, work-family conflict, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: A serial mediation model. Children and Youth Services Review, 128, 106005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106005
  • Lind, E. A. (2001). Fairness heuristic theory: Justice judgments as pivotal cognitions in organizational relations. In J. Greenberg & R. Cropanzano (Eds.), Advances in organizational justice (pp. 56–88). Stanford University Press.
  • Liu, X., & Deng, J. (2011 Development of organizational commitment based on the social exchange theory [Paper presentation]. 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMSS.2011.5997998
  • Lleo, A., Ruiz-Palomino, P., Guillen, M., & Marrades-Pastor, E. (2023). The role of ethical trustworthiness in shaping trust and affective commitment in schools. Ethics & Behavior, 33(2), 151–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2034504
  • Loes, C. N., & Tobin, M. B. (2020). Organizational trust, psychological empowerment, and organizational commitment among licensed practical nurses. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 44(2), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000414
  • Loi, R., Chan, K. W., & Lam, L. W. (2014). Leader-member exchange, organizational identification, and job satisfaction: A social identity perspective. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(1), 42–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12028
  • Malla, S. S. & Malla, S. (2023). Does the perception of organizational justice determine employees’ affective commitment? The mediating role of organizational trust. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 30, 603–627. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-07-2021-0408
  • Manion, J. (2004). Strengthening organizational commitment. The Health Care Manager, 23(2), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1097/00126450-200404000-00011
  • Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171–194. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.171
  • Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9508080335
  • McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 24–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/256727
  • McKnight, D. H., Cummings, L. L., & Chervany, N. L. (1998). Initial trust formation in new organizational relationships. The Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 473–490. https://doi.org/10.2307/259290
  • Meyer, J., & Allen, N. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231556
  • Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
  • Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538–551. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538
  • Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: A conceptual analysis and integrative model. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 991–1007. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.991
  • Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model. Human Resource Management Review, 11(3), 299–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X
  • Mishra, A. K. (1996). Organizational responses to crisis. Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research, 261, 1996.
  • Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
  • Munir, R., & Beh, L.-S. (2019). Measuring and enhancing organisational creative climate, knowledge sharing, and innovative work behavior in startups development. The Bottom Line, 32(4), 269–289. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-03-2019-0076
  • Nazir, S., Qun, W., Hui, L., & Shafi, A. (2018). Influence of social exchange relationships on affective commitment and innovative behavior: Role of perceived organizational support. Sustainability, 10(12), 4418. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124418
  • Ndlovu, T., Quaye, E. S., & Saini, Y. K. (2021). Predicting organisational commitment: The role of line manager communication, employee trust and job satisfaction. South African Journal of Business Management, 52(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v52i1.2355
  • Ng, T. W. H. (2015). The incremental validity of organizational commitment, organizational trust, and organizational identification. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.03.003
  • Nikolaou, I., Vakola, M., & Bourantas, D. (2011). The role of silence on employees’ attitudes “the day after” a merger. Personnel Review, 40(6), 723–741. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481111169652
  • OECD. (2022). Tourism trends and policies. https://doi.org/10.1787/a8dd3019-en
  • Oh, J.,Kim, D. H., &Kim, D. (2023). The impact of inclusive leadership and autocratic leadership on employees’ job satisfaction and commitment in sport organizations: The mediating role of organizational trust and the moderating role of sport involvement. Sustainability, 15(4), 3367. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043367
  • Ong, M. H. A., & Puteh, F. (2017). Quantitative data analysis: Choosing between SPSS, PLS, and AMOS in social science research. International Interdisciplinary Journal of Scientific Research, 3(1), 14–25.
  • Ozag, D. (2006). The relationship between the trust, hope, and normative and continuance commitment of merger survivors. Journal of Management Development, 25(9), 870–883. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710610692070
  • Perry, R. W. (2004). The relationship of affective organizational commitment with supervisory trust. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 24(2), 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X03262452
  • Putri, L. Z. A., & Kusuma, K. A. (2022). The effect of job satisfaction, organizational culture, and perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behavior on employee in company. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 18(1), 10–21070. https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v18i0.879
  • Rakowska, A., & Mącik, R. (2016). ZAANGAŻOWANIE PRACOWNIKA A SATYSFAKCJA Z PRACY—MODELOWANIE ZALEŻNOŚCI Z WYKORZYSTANIEM PLS-SEM. Przegląd Organizacji, 5, 48–58. https://doi.org/10.33141/po.2016.05.07
  • Ruiz-Palomo, D., León-Gómez, A., & García-Lopera, F. (2020). Disentangling organizational commitment in hospitality industry: The roles of empowerment, enrichment, satisfaction and gender. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 102637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102637
  • Sahoo, R., & Sahoo, C. K. (2019). Organizational justice, conflict management and employee relations: The mediating role of climate of trust. International Journal of Manpower, 40(4), 783–799. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-12-2017-0342
  • Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
  • Sanders, K., Schyns, B., Dietz, G., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2006). Measuring trust inside organisations. Personnel Review, 35(5), 557–588. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480610682299
  • Saudi Ministry of Finance. (2022). Budget performance report. Saudi Ministry of Finance.
  • Schnackenberg, A. K., & Tomlinson, E. C. (2016). Organizational transparency: A new perspective on managing trust in organization-stakeholder relationships. Journal of Management, 42(7), 1784–1810. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314525202
  • Schoorman, F. D., Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (2007). An integrative model of organizational trust: Past, present, and future. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 344–354. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.24348410
  • Serva, M. A., Fuller, M. A., & Mayer, R. C. (2005). The reciprocal nature of trust: A longitudinal study of interacting teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(6), 625–648. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.331
  • Shahnawaz, M. G., & Goswami, K. (2011). Effect of psychological contract violation on organizational commitment, trust and turnover intention in private and public sector Indian organizations. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 15(3), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/097226291101500301
  • Shapiro, S. P. (1990). Collaring the crime, not the criminal: Reconsidering the concept of white-collar crime. American Sociological Review, 55(3), 346–365. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095761
  • Shockley-Zalabak, P., Ellis, K., & Winograd, G. (2000). Organizational trust: What it means, why it matters. Organization Development Journal, 18(4), 35.
  • Silva, P., Moreira, A. C., & Mota, J. (2023). Employees’ perception of corporate social responsibility and performance: The mediating roles of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust. Journal of Strategy and Management, 16(1), 92–111. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-10-2021-0213
  • Singh, K., & Desa, Z. M. (2018). Organizational trust and job performance: A study of land and survey department. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(11), 1954–1961. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i11/5559
  • Singh, S., & Muduli, A. (2023). Examining the role of organisational trust on information sharing intention and human resource analytics outcomes: an empirical study. International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 14(4), 435–456. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJKMS.2023.133866
  • Sitkin, S. B., & Roth, N. L. (1993). Explaining the limited effectiveness of legalistic “remedies” for trust/distrust. Organization Science, 4(3), 367–392. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.3.367
  • Thompson, S. K. (2012). Sampling (Vol. 755). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Top, M., Akdere, M., & Tarcan, M. (2015). Examining transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust in Turkish hospitals: Public servants versus private sector employees. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(9), 1259–1282. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.939987
  • Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, W. K. (2000). A multidisciplinary analysis of the nature, meaning, and measurement of trust. Review of Educational Research, 70(4), 547–593. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543070004547
  • Ugwu, F. O., Onyishi, I. E., & Rodríguez-Sánchez, A. M. (2014). Linking organizational trust with employee engagement: The role of psychological empowerment. Personnel Review, 43(3), 377–400. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2012-0198
  • Vanhala, M., Heilmann, P., & Salminen, H. (2016). Organizational trust dimensions as antecedents of organizational commitment. Knowledge and Process Management, 23(1), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1497
  • Vineburgh, J. H. (2010). A study of organizational trust and related variables among faculty members at HBCUs. University of Iowa. https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.iet9btjl
  • Visser, S. W. J., & Scheepers, C. B. (2022). Organisational justice mechanisms’ mediating leadership style, cognition-and affect-based trust during COVID-19 in South Africa. European Business Review, 34(6), 776–797. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2021-0243
  • Voumik, L. C., Nafi, S. M., Majumder, S. C., & Islam, M. A. (2023). The impact of tourism on the women employment in South American and Caribbean countries. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(9), 3095–3112. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2022-0449
  • Whitener, E. M., Brodt, S. E., Korsgaard, M. A., & Werner, J. M. (1998). Managers as initiators of trust: An exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior. The Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 513–530. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.926624
  • World Travel & Tourism Council. (2019, April 4). Investing in travel & tourism. https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2021/Investing%20in%20Travel%20and%20Tourism%20100921.pdf?ver=2021-09-16-112521-367
  • Xiuxia, S., Fangwei, Z., & Haoyang, S. (2016). Perceived trust and project performance: The mediating effects of organizational commitment. Management Review, 28(12), 155.
  • Yao, T., Qiu, Q., & Wei, Y. (2019). Retaining hotel employees as internal customers: Effect of organizational commitment on attitudinal and behavioral loyalty of employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.03.018
  • Yasir, M., Imran, R., Irshad, M. K., Mohamad, N. A., & Khan, M. M. (2016). Leadership styles in relation to employees’ trust and organizational change capacity. SAGE Open, 6(4), 215824401667539. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244016675396
  • Yuan, H., & Ma, D. (2022). Gender differences in the relationship between interpersonal trust and innovative behavior: the mediating effects of affective organizational commitment and knowledge-sharing. Behavioral Sciences, 12(5), 145. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12050145
  • Zolfaghari, B., & Madjdi, F. (2022). Building trusting multicultural organizations: Rethinking the influence of culture on interpersonal trust development in the workplace. Journal of International Management, 28(4), 100944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2022.100944