Employing agricultural extension delivery services for improving cocoa bean quality

References

• Adzitey, F., Sulleyman, K. W., & Kum, P. K. (2020). Knowledge and practices of meat safety by meat sellers in the tamale metropolis of Ghana. Food Protection Trends, 40(1), 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Agyei, E. K., Koomson, E. S. B., & Akrasi, E. (2021). The role of procurement in quality Management of Ghana COCOBOD, Ghana. European Journal of Logistics, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, 9(1), 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Akpalu, D. A. (2013). Agriculture Extension Service delivery in a semi-arid rural area in South Africa: The case study of Thorndale in the Limpopo province. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 13(59), 8034–8057. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.59.12205
   Google Scholar
• Al-Sharafat, A., Altarawneh, M., & Altahat, E. (2012). Effectiveness of agricultural extension activities.
   Google Scholar
• Amengor, N. E., Awunyo-Vitor, D., Asante, B. O., & Wongnaa, C. A. (2022). Awareness and adoption of drought tolerant Maize in Guinea Savanna and Forest-Savanna Transition zone in Ghana. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 8(1), 2147476. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2022.2147476
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anang, B. T., Fordjour, E., & Boateng, V. F. (2011). Farmers’ management practices and the quality of cocoa beans in Upper Denkyira District of Ghana.
   Google Scholar
• Ankuyi, F., Tham-Agyekum, E. K., Bakang, J.-E A., Quayson, N., Okantah, D., Hope, T., Osei-Nyarko, J., & Wesley, R. R. (2023). Local voices for cocoa production: Experiences of Ghanaian cocoa farmers on community radio. International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 4(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v4i1.126
   Google Scholar
• Antara, E., & Antara, M. (2015). Effect of input production against quality of cocoa beans. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 12(10), 709–713. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2015.709.713
   Google Scholar
• Antwi, E., Tham-Agyekum, E. K., Aidoo, D. C., Boansi, D., & Okorley, E. L. (2022). Patronage of farm radio as an agricultural knowledge source for farmers: Experiences from Ghana. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 14(1), 8–16.
   Google Scholar
• Antwi-Agyei, P., & Stringer, L. C. (2021). Improving the effectiveness of agricultural extension services in supporting farmers to adapt to climate change: Insights from northeastern Ghana. Climate Risk Management, 32, 100304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bello-Bravo, J., & Lutomia, A. N. (2023). Using information technologies (ICTs) to improve theobroma cocoa extension service: Lessons from the case of Ghanaian bean farmers.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, T. A., Eunice, F., & Vivian, F. B. (2011). Farmers’ management practices and the quality of cocoa beans in upper Denkyira District of Ghana.
   Google Scholar
• Birkhaeuser, D., Evenson, R. E., & Feder, G. (1991). The economic impact of agricultural extension: A review. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 39(3), 607–650. https://doi.org/10.1086/451893
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonye, S. Z., Alfred, K. B., & Jasaw, G. S. (2012). Promoting community-based extension agents as an alternative approach to formal agricultural extension service delivery in Northern Ghana. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2(393-2016-23897), 76–95.
   Google Scholar
• Cochran, G. R. (2009). Ohio State University extension competency study: Developing a competency model for a 21st-century extension organization.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE publications.
   Google Scholar
• Danso-Abbeam, G., Ehiakpor, D. S., & Aidoo, R. (2018). Agricultural extension and its effects on farm productivity and income: Insight from Northern Ghana. Agriculture & Food Security, 7(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0225-x
   Google Scholar
• De Vaus, D. (2016). Survey research. Research methods for postgraduates (pp. 202–213).
   Google Scholar
• Delia, G., Janice, O., Morenike, D., Odebode, S., & Randolph, T. (2012). The influence of gender and group membership on food safety: The case of meat sellers in Bodija market, Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 44 (Suppl. 1), S53–S59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0207-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donkor, E., Owusu, V., Owusu-Sekyere, E., & Ogundeji, A. A. (2018). The adoption of farm innovations among rice producers in Northern Ghana: Implications for sustainable rice supply. Agriculture, 8(8), 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8080121
   Google Scholar
• Emmanuel, D., Owusu-Sekyere, E., Owusu, V., & Jordaan, H. (2016). Impact of agricultural extension service on the adoption of chemical fertilizer: Implications for rice productivity and development in Ghana. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 79(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2016.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatty, L. K., Ode, I. O., & Ahule, B. G. (2021). Effectiveness of agricultural extension services to minimize post-harvest losses of horticultural crop produce west coast region of the Gambia. International Journal of Advanced Economics, 3(2), 10–25. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v3i2.228
   Google Scholar
• Feder, G., Birner, R., & Anderson, J. R. (2011). The private sector’s role in agricultural extension systems: potential and limitations. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 1(1), 31–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/20440831111131505
   Google Scholar
• Feder, G., Willett, A., & Zijp, W. (2001). Agricultural extension: Generic challenges and the ingredients for solutions. Springer US.
   Google Scholar
• Frimpong-Manso, J., Tham-Agyekum, E. K., Boansi, D., Ankuyi, F., Antwi, E., Bakang, J.-E. A., Tawiah, F. O., & Nimoh, F. (2023). Measuring perceptions and the drivers of membership commitment of cocoa farmers’ cooperative societies in Atwima Mponua District, Ghana. Agricultural Socio-Economics Journal, 23(1), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2023.023.1.14
   Google Scholar
• Glenn, D. I. (1992). Determining sample size. A series of the program evaluation and organizational development. University of Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Hyde-Cooper, W., Asiedu, P., Tham-Agyekum, E. K., Amoako, P., Bakang, J. A., & Oduro-Owusu, A. Y. (2024). Why do cocoa farmers use unapproved pesticides? Empirical evidence from Obuasi Municipality, Ghana. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2324976
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iskandar, E., Amanah, S., Hubeis, A. V. S., & Sadono, D. (2020). The prominent role of agricultural extension system on cocoa agribusiness development in Aceh. Indonesia. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 16(02), 199–212.
   Google Scholar
• Kassie, M., Jaleta, M., Shiferaw, B., Mmbando, F., & Mekuria, M. (2013). Adoption of interrelated sustainable agricultural practices in smallholder systems: Evidence from rural Tanzania. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(3), 525–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.08.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehinde, G., Adejimi, A., & Abiola, A.-H. (2020). Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of meat hygiene among meat handlers in Lagos State, Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of General Practice, 18(2), 27. https://doi.org/10.4103/NJGP.NJGP_8_20
   Google Scholar
• Khan, M. Z., Nawab, K., Ullah, J., Khatam, A., Qasim, M., Ayub, G., & Nawaz, N. (2012). Communication gap and training needs of Pakistan’s agricultural extension agents in horticulture. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 28(1), 129–135.
   Google Scholar
• Khan, A., Pervaiz, U., Khan, N. M., Ahmad, S., & Nigar, S. (2009). Effectiveness of demonstration plots as extension method adopted by AKRSP for agricultural technology dissemination in District Chitral. Sarhad J. Agric, 25(2), 313–319.
   Google Scholar
• Kitinoja, L., & Barrett, D. M. (2015). Extension of small-scale postharvest horticulture technologies—A model training and services center. Agriculture, 5(3), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture5030441
   Google Scholar
• Kwadzo, M. (2017). The impact of postharvest practices on the poverty status of smallholder cocoa farmers. The case of Ellembelle District in the Western Region of Ghana.
   Google Scholar
• Levai, L. D., Meriki, H. D., Adiobo, A., Awa-Mengi, S., & Akoachere, J. F. T. K. (2015). Postharvest practices and farmers’ perception of cocoa bean quality in Cameroon. Agriculture & Food Security. 4, 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Lwoga, E. T., Stilwell, C., & Ngulube, P. (2011). Access and use of agricultural information and knowledge in Tanzania. Library Review, 60(5), 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1108/00242531111135263
   Google Scholar
• Mulwa, C., Marenya, P., Rahut, D. B., & Kassie, M. (2017). Response to climate risks among smallholder farmers in Malawi: A multivariate probit assessment of the role of information, household demographics, and farm characteristics. Climate Risk Management, 16(1), 208–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.01.002
   Google Scholar
• Oke, O. S., Nosiru, M. O., Ogunbela, A. A., Marizu, J. T., Lawah, M. O., Jatto, K. A., Bamigboye, O. T., Oyaniyi, T., Adebayo, G. J., & Agbeyomi, O. S. (2020). Assessment of extension officers contribution to cocoa production in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 24(7), 1123–1128. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i7.1
   Google Scholar
• Onumah, J. A., Williams, P. A., Quaye, W., Akuffobea, M., & Onumah, E. E. (2014). Smallholder cocoa farmers access to on/off-farm support services and its contribution to output in the eastern region of Ghana. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(393-2016-23913), 484–495.
   Google Scholar
• Quarmine, W., Haagsma, R., Sakyi-Dawson, O., Asante, F., Van Huis, A., & Obeng-Ofori, D. (2012). Incentives for cocoa bean production in Ghana: Does quality matter? NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 60-63(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2012.06.009
   Google Scholar
• Rivera, W. M. (1997). Agricultural extension into the next decade. European Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 4(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/13892249785300131
   Google Scholar
• Sinkaiye, T. (2005). Agricultural extension participatory methodologies and approaches. Agricultural Extension in Nigeria, 30(9), 220–233.
   Google Scholar
• Suh, N., Godfrey, N., Njimanted, F., & Thalut, N. (2020). Effect of farmers’ management practices on safety and quality standards of cocoa production: A structural equation modeling approach. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 6(1), 1844848. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2020.1844848
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson, B. E. (2008). Global review of good agricultural extension and advisory service practices. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Research and Extension Division.
   Google Scholar
• Teferi, S. C., & Hernández Yáñez, E. (2022). Food safety practice and its associated factors among meat handlers in north Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. International Journal of Food Science, 2022, 5829352–5829357. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5829352
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tey, Y. S., & Brindal, M. (2012). Factors influencing the adoption of precision agricultural technologies: A review for policy implications. Precision Agriculture, 13(6), 713–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-012-9273-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tham-Agyekum, E. K., Boansi, D., Wongnaa, C. A., Ankuyi, F., Awunyo-Vitor, D., Andivi Bakang, J. E., & Acheampong, A. O. (2023). A gender differential analysis of determinants of pesticide application in cocoa system farming of Ghana. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(2), 2256512. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2256512
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thuo, M., Bell, A. A., Bravo-Ureta, B. E., Lachaud, M. A., Okello, D. K., Okoko, E. N., Kidula, N. L., Deom, C. M., & Puppala, N. (2014). Effects of social network factors on information acquisition and adoption of improved groundnut varieties: The case of Uganda and Kenya. Agriculture and Human Values, 31(3), 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-014-9486-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toledo-Hernández, M., Wanger, T. C., & Tscharntke, T. (2017). Neglected pollinators: Can enhanced pollination services improve cocoa yields? A review. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 247, 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ukolova, A. V., & Dashieva, B. S. (2022). Study of the labor resources of peasant (farm) households by production type. In Sustainable agriculture: Circular to reconstructive (Vol. 1, pp. 229–241). Springer Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• Warner, P., & Christenson, J. A. (2019). The cooperative extension service: A national assessment. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2nd ed.). Harper and Row.
   Google Scholar
• Yeboah, I., Asante, B. O., Prah, S., Boansi, D., Tham-Agyekum, E. K., Asante, I. S., & Aidoo, R. (2023). Perception and adoption of food safety practices (FSP) among beef sellers and consumers: Empirical evidence from Ghana. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 9(2), 2287285. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2287285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelalem, A., Abegaz, K., Kebede, A., Terefe, Y., Schwan, C. L., & Vipham, J. L. (2021). Food safety knowledge, attitudes, and hygienic practices of abattoir workers in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Food Protection Trends, 41(5), 501. https://doi.org/10.4315/1541-9576-41.5.501
   Google Scholar