0
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Social Psychology

Intergroup contact intervention between Hong Kong and mainland Chinese students: differential effects on cognitions, attitudes, and intended behaviors

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Article: 2385186 | Received 15 Apr 2024, Accepted 10 Jul 2024, Published online: 01 Aug 2024

References

  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
  • Branscombe, N., & Wann, D. (1994). Collective self-esteem consequences of outgroup derogation when a valued social identity is on trial. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24(6), 641–657. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420240603
  • Brown, R. (2010). Prejudice: Its social psychology (2nd ed.). Whiley-Blackwell.
  • Bryant, J. & Thompson, S. (Eds.) (2002). Fundamentals of media effects. McGraw-Hill.
  • Carroll, J. M. (2005). Colonialism, nationalism, and bourgeois identity in colonial Hong Kong. Journal of Oriental Studies, 39(2), 146–164. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2350057
  • Census and Statistics Department. (2019). Hong Kong annual digest of statistics (2019 Edition). Census and Statistics Department, The Hong Kong Government. https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/data/stat_report/product/B1010003/att/B10100032019AN19B0100.pdf
  • Chan, H. (1996). A study of Hong Kong residents’ perception toward visitors from China. [Unpublished final year project]. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
  • Chee, J. D. (2016). Pearson’s product-moment correlation: Sample analysis. University of Hawaii at Mānoa School of Nursing. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1856.2726
  • Chen, N., Hsu, C., & Li, X. (. (2018). Feeling superior or deprived? Attitudes and underlying mentalities of residents toward Mainland Chinese tourists. Tourism Management (1982), 66, 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.11.007
  • Cheng, Y., Cheung, A. C. K., & Yeun, T. W. W. (2010). Development of a regional education hub: The case of Hong Kong. International Journal of Educational Management, 25(5), 474–493. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541111146378
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  • Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau. (2019). Rebuilding Sichuan – A Partnership of Hope when one suffers misfortune, aid comes from all sides. https://www.cmab.gov.hk/en/archives/recon_sichuan_overview.htm
  • Duckitt, J., & Mphuthing, T. (1998). Group identification and intergroup attitudes: A longitudinal analysis in South Africa. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.80
  • Eng, R. Y. (2017). The intractability of the Sino-Japanese Senkaku/Diaoyu territorial dispute: historical memory, people’s diplomacy and transnational activism, 1961-1978. The Asia-Pacific Journal, 15(22), 1–74. https://apjjf.org/-Robert-Y–Eng/5087/article.pdf
  • Feng, V. (2013). Are mainland Chinese students ‘robbing Hong Kong locals of school places and jobs’? South China Morning Post. Jun 3. https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1252540/are-mainland-chinese-students-robbing-hong-kong-locals
  • Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Row, Peterson.
  • Fielding, K. S., & Hornsey, M. J. (2016). A Social Identity Analysis of Climate Change and Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors: Insights and Opportunities. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 171. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00121
  • Gao, S., & Ng, S.-M. (2021). Reducing stigma among college students toward people with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial grounded on intergroup contact theory. Schizophrenia Bulletin Open, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab008
  • Grant, P., & Brown, R. (1995). From ethnocentrism to collective protest: Responses to relative deprivation and threats to social identity. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58(3), 195–211. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787042
  • Guan, Y., Deng, H., & Bond, M. (2010). Examining Stereotype Content Model in a Chinese context: Inter-group structural relations and Mainland Chinese’s stereotypes toward Hong Kong Chinese. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(4), 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.04.003
  • Hamilton, G. (1999). Introduction. In Hamilton, G. G. (Ed), Cosmopolitan capitalist: Hong Kong and the Chinese diaspora at the end of the 20th century. University of Washington Press.
  • Hewstone, M. (1990). The ‘ultimate attribution error’? A review of the literature on intergroup causal attribution. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20(4), 311–335. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420200404
  • HKU POP. (2008). People’s ethnic identity. Public Opinion Program, University of Hong Kong (POP). https://www.hkupop.hku.hk/english/release/release628.html
  • HKU POP. (2017). People’s ethnic identity. Public Opinion Program, University of Hong Kong (POP). https://www.hkupop.hku.hk/english/release/release1474.html
  • Hogg, M. A., Terry, D. J., & White, K. M. (1995). A tale of two theories: A critical comparison of identity theory with social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58(4), 255–269. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787127
  • Inkster, N. (2018). Chinese culture and soft power. Survival, 60(3), 65–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2018.1470759
  • Kwok, L. (2005). Anti-Japanese protests. Miss Kwok’s Secret Garden. April 19. http://www.louisakwok.blogspot.com
  • Lai, A. (2012). Hong Kong newspaper ad rails against Chinese ‘invasion’. February 7, 2012. Cable News Network. https://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/01/world/asia/locust-mainlander-ad/index.html
  • Lee, S-Y., & Chou, K-l (2018). Explaining attitudes towards immigrants from Mainland China in Hong Kong. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 27(3), 273–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/0117196818790572
  • Lemmer, G., & Wagner, U. (2015). Can we really reduce ethnic prejudice outside the lab? A meta-analysis of direct and indirect contact interventions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45(2), 152–168. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2079
  • Leung, M. (1999). The study of Hong Kong residents’ perceptions toward tourists [Final year project]. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
  • Li, C. (2013). 陸16名高考狀元跨海念港大 (Lu shiliu ming gaokao zhuangyuan kuahai nian gangda, Sixteen Gaokao Top Scorers Cross the Harbour to Enter the University of Hong Kong), in: 旺報 (Wangbao, Want Daily), 17 July. https://www.chinatimes.com/cn/newspapers/20130712000965-260309?chdtv
  • Li, M., & Bray, M. (2007). Cross-border flows of students for higher education: Push-pull factors and motivations of mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong and Macau. Higher Education, 53(6), 791–818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-005-5423-3
  • Li, H. Y., Ng, S., A. Wang, & S. Lu (2024, February 8-10). Enhancing Intergroup Relationship Between Local and Mainland College Students in Hong Kong – Randomized Controlled Trial of an Intensive One-Day Intervention Grounded in Intergroup Contact Theory [Poster Presentation]. SPSP Annual Convention 2024, San Diego, CA, United States. https://osf.io/nmcgu/
  • Lui, T.-L. (1997). 呂大樂 唔該, 埋單! [Excuse me, check please!]. 香港: 閒人行有限公司 [Hong Kong]
  • Ma, E. (2006). 市井國族主義: 重劃大陸與香港的文化版圖 [Everyday nationhood: Re-delineate the cultural map of Mainland and Hong Kong]. In C. H. Ng, K. W. Ma, , &, T-L. Lui (Ed.), 香港·文化·研究 [Hong Kong Style Cultural Studies]. Hong Kong University Press.
  • Ma, A., & Holford, J. (2023). Mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong: Coping with the socio-political challenges of 2017 to 2020. Journal of Studies in International Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/10283153231187142
  • Ma, S. 馬淑君. (2013). “Xianggang Baodiao yundong licheng 香港保釣運動歷程,” Hong Kong In-Media 香港獨立媒體網, April 11, 2013. http://www.inmediahk.net/node/1018780
  • Mingpao Daily News. (2008). 大地無情人有情, 我們都是汶川人[Nature is Heartless]. May 16. https://life.mingpao.com/eng/article?issue=20080516&nodeid=1507280141466
  • Murtagh, N., Gatersleben, B., & Uzzell, D. (2012). Self-identity threat and resistance to change: Evidence from regular travel behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(4), 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.05.008
  • Ng, K. (2014). What is Occupy Central? 10 key facts about Hong Kong’s pro-democracy movement. September, 30, 2019. South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/article/1604649/what-occupy-central-10-things-you-need-know
  • Ng, C. H., Ma, E., & Lui, T. (2006). 香港·文化·研究 [Hong Kong style cultural studies]. Hong Kong University Press.
  • Ng, S., Lu, S., Wang, A., Lo, K. C., Fok, H. K., Xie, W., & Li, H. Y. (2023). Enhancing intergroup relationship between local and mainland college students in Hong Kong – an intensive contact-based intervention. Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.), 42(36), 32076–32096. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04194-5
  • Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS survival manual [electronic resource]: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4th ed.). Open University Press/McGraw-Hill.
  • Ramasubramanian, S., & Murphy, C. (2014). Experimental studies of media stereotyping effects. In M. Webster, & J. Sell (Eds.), Laboratory experiments in the social sciences. (2nd ed., pp. 385–402). Academic Press.
  • Shen, H., Luo, J., & Zhao, A. (2017). The sustainable tourism development in Hong Kong: An analysis of Hong Kong residents’ attitude toward mainland Chinese tourist. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 18(1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2016.1167650
  • Struch, N., & Schwartz, S. (1989). Intergroup aggression: Its predictors and distinctness from in-group bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(3), 364–373. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.3.364
  • Sum, L. (2019). Hong Kong extradition bill: thousands of protesters block city streets and prepare for worst as riot police gather nearby. June 12, 2019. South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3014115/hong-kong-extradition-bill-thousands-protesters-start
  • Sybing, R. (2023). Reverse coding: A proposed alternative methodology for identifying evidentiary warrants. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 26(3), 277–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2022.2026133
  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–37). Brooks/Cole.
  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 5, 7–24.
  • Tam, Y. (2007). Who engineered the Anti-Japanese protests in 2005? Macalester International, 18(25), 281–299. https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1352&context=macintl
  • Terry, D. J., Hogg, M. A., & White, K. M. (1999). The theory of planned behavior: Self-identity, social identity and group norms. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 38 (Pt 3)(3), 225–244. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466699164149
  • Trading Economics. (2011). China GDP growth rate. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from http://www.tradingeconomics.com/Economics/GDP-Growth.aspx?Symbol=CNY
  • University Grants Committee. (2021). Non-local student enrolment (headcount) of UGC-funded programmes by university, level of study, place of origin and mode of study. 2019/20 to 2020/21. https://cdcf.ugc.edu.hk/cdcf/searchStatSiteReport.action
  • World Bank. (1993). The east Asian miracle: Economic and growth and public policy. Oxford University Press.
  • Wu, N. (2000). Concept and tragedy – An analysis of the fate of the young children studying in the United States in the Late Qing dynasty. Shanghai People’s Publishing House.
  • Xu, C. (2015). When the Hong Kong dream meets the anti-mainlandisation discourse: Mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 44(3), 15–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810261504400302
  • Yeung, S., & Leung, C. (2007). Perception and attitude of Hong Kong hotel guest-contact employees toward tourists from Mainland China. International Journal of Tourism Research, 9(6), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.611