The role of sustainable soil management practices in improving smallholder farmers’ livelihoods in the Gosho watershed, Northwest Ethiopia

References

• Abebe, Y., & Bekele, A. (2014). The impact of soil and water conservation program on the income and productivity of farm households in Adama District, Ethiopia. Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, 3(3), 198–22. https://doi.org/10.4314/star.v3i3.32
   Google Scholar
• Abera, W., Tamene, L., Tibebe, D., Adimassu, Z., Kassa, H., Hailu, H., Mekonnen, K., Desta, G., Sommer, R., & Verchot, L. (2020). Characterizing and evaluating the impacts of national land restoration initiatives on ecosystem services in Ethiopia. Land Degrad Dev, 31(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abera, A., Yirgu, T., & Uncha, A. (2021). Determinants of rural livelihood diversification strategies among Chewaka resettlers’ communities of southwestern Ethiopia. Agric & Food Secur, 10(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-021-00305-w
   Google Scholar
• Adimassu, Z., Langan, S., Johnston, R., Mekuria, W., & Amede, T. (2017). Impacts of soil and water conservation practices on crop yield, run-off, soil loss and nutrient loss in Ethiopia: Review and synthesis. Environmental Management, 59(1), 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0776-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adimassu, Z., Langan, S., & Barron, J. (2018). Highlights of soil and water conservation investments in four regions of Ethiopia. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 182, 75-89. https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.214
   Google Scholar
• Adimassu, Z., Tamene, L., & Degefie, D. T. (2020). The influence of grazing and cultivation on runoff, soil erosion, and soil nutrient export in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Ecol Process, 9(23), 69-87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adugna, A., Abegaz, A., & Cerdà, A. (2015). Soil erosion assessment and control in Northeast Wollega, Ethiopia. Solid Earth Discussions, 7(18), 3511–3540. https://doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-3511-2015
   Google Scholar
• Alemu, W. G., & Melesse, A. M. (2019). Impacts of long-term conservation measures on ecosystem services in Northwest Ethiopia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 8(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2019.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almaw, A., Hailu, G., & Hadush, Z. (2019). Integrating climate-smart approaches across landscapes to improve productivity, climate resilience, and ecosystem health. In K. Melese, B. Bishaw, M. Iiyama, E. Birhane, A. Negussie, C. M. Davis, & B. Bernart (Eds.), Climate-smart agriculture: Enhancing Resilient Agricultural systems, landscapes, and livelihoods in Ethiopia and beyond. World agroforestry (ICRAF) (pp. 15–23).
   Google Scholar
• Amsalu, T., & Mengaw, A. (2014). GIS-based soil loss estimation using RUSLE model: The case of Jabi Tehinan woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. Natural Resources, 05(13), 616–626. https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2014.511054
   Google Scholar
• Asmare, B., & Mekuriaw, Y. (2019). Assessment of Ficus thonningii tree production and utilization for livestock feed by smallholder farmers in northwestern Ethiopia. Agric & Food Secur, 8(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0247-4
   Google Scholar
• Assan, J. K., & Beyene, F. R. (2013). Livelihood impacts of environmental conservation programs in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(10), 87. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n10p87
   Google Scholar
• Atnafe, A. D., Ahmed, H. M., & Adane, D. M. (2015). Determinants of adopting techniques of soil and water conservation in Goromti Watershed, Western Ethiopia. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, 6(6), 168–177. https://doi.org/10.5897/JSSEM15.0492
   Google Scholar
• Atoma, H., Suryabhagavan, K. V., & Balakrishnan, M. (2020). Soil erosion assessment using RUSLE model and GIS in Huluka watershed, Central Ethiopia. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 6(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-020-00365-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balabathina, V. N., Raju, R. P., Mulualem, W., & Tadele, G. (2020). Estimation of soil loss using remote sensing and GIS- based universal soil loss equation in the northern catchment of Lake Tana Sub-basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwest Ethiopia. Environ Syst Res, 9(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-020-00203-3
   Google Scholar
• Bekele, E., & Negesse, B. (2019). Review: Role of Vetiver Grass (Vetiver zizanioides l) for soil and water conservation in Ethiopia. Int. J. Food Agric. Econ, 4(3), 87–93.
   Google Scholar
• Belachew, A., Mekuria, W., & Nachimuthu, K. (2020). Factors influencing the adoption of soil and water conservation practices in the northwest Ethiopian highlands. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 8(1), 80–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belayneh, M., Yirgu, T., & Tsegaye, D. (2019). Effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil physicochemical properties in Gumara watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Ecol Process, 8(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0188-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borji, P., Molina, A., Govers, G., & Vanacker, V. (2018). Check dams and afforestation reducing sediment mobilization in active gully systems in the Andean Mountains. Catena, 165(10), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrelli, P., Robinson, D. A., Fleischer, L. R., Lugato, E., Ballabio, C., Alewell, C., Meusburger, K., Modugno, S., Schütt, B., Ferro, V., Bagarello, V., Van Oost, K., Montanarella, L., & Panagos, P. (2013). An assessment of the global impact of the 21st-century land-use change on soil erosion. Nature Communications, 8(1), 2013. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02142-7
   Google Scholar
• Chen, H., Zhu, T., Krott, M., Calvo, J. F., Ganesh, S. P., & Makoto, I. (2013). Measurement and evaluation of livelihood assets in sustainable forest commons governance. Land Use Policy, 30(1), 908–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.06.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chot, G., Moges, A., & Shewa, A. (2019). Impacts of soil and water conservation practices on livelihood: The case of the watershed in Gambela region, Ethiopia. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 13(6), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2018.2643
   Google Scholar
• Debie, E., Singh, K. N., & Belay, M. (2019). Effect of conservation structures on curbing rill erosion in micro-watershed, northwest Ethiopia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 7(3), 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2019.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debie, E. (2021). Smallholder farmers’ decisions to the combined use of soil conservation practices in Tiwa watershed, Northwest highlands of Ethiopia. Heliyon, 7(1), e05958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05958
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debie, E. (2022). Stakeholder perceptions on multiple ecosystem services of soil conservation practices in Tiwa Watershed, Northwest Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, (2022), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1464333222500107
   Google Scholar
• Delelegn, Y. T., Purahong, W., Blazevic, A., Yitaferu, B., Wubet, T., Goransson, H., & Godbold, D. L. (2017). Changes in land use alter soil quality and aggregate stability in the highlands of northern Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 13602. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14128-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dinkecha, K., & Tsegaye, D. (2017). Effects of liming on physicochemical properties and nutrient availability of acidic soils in Welmera Woreda, Central Highlands of Ethiopia. Chemistry and Materials Research, 9(9), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.14662/ARJASRD2017.059
   Google Scholar
• Donohue, C., & Biggs, E. (2015). Monitoring socio-environmental change for sustainable development: Developing a Multidimensional Livelihoods Index (MLI). Applied Geography, 62(22), 391–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.05.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elnashar, A., Zeng, H., Wu, B., Fenta, A., Nabil, M., & Duerler, R. (2021). Soil erosion assessment in the Blue Nile Basin driven by a novel RUSLE-GEE framework. Science of the Total Environment, 793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148466
   Google Scholar
• Endalamawa, N. T., Moges, M. A., Kebede, Y. S., Alehegn, B. M., & Sinshaw, B. G. (2021). Potential soil loss Estimation for conservation planning, upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Environmental Challenges, 5(10), 100224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100224
   Google Scholar
• Etana, D., Djrm, S., van Wesenbeeck, C. F. A., & de Cock Buning, T. (2021). The impact of adaptation to climate change and variability on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in central Ethiopia. Sustainability, 13(12), 6790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126790
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewunetu, A., Simane, B., Teferi, E., & Zaitchik, B. F. (2021). Mapping and quantifying comprehensive land degradation status using spatial multicriteria evaluation technique in the headwaters area of upper Blue Nile River. Sustainability, 13(4), 2244. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gashu, K., & Muchie, Y. (2018). Rethink the interlink between land degradation and livelihood of rural communities in Chilga district, Northwest Ethiopia. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 42(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41610-018-0077-0
   Google Scholar
• Gebregziabher, G., Abera, D. A., Gebresamuel, G., Giordano, M., & Langan, S., 2016. An assessment of integrated watershed management in Ethiopia. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colomo, Sri Lanka, (IWMI working paper; 170: 28
   Google Scholar
• Gedefaw, M., Denghua, Y., Hao, W., Alemu, B., Chanie, M., Agitew, G., & Yildiz, F. (2018). Evaluation of adoption behavior of soil and water conservation practices in the Simien Mountain national park, highlands of Ethiopia. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 4(1), 1513782. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1513782
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulyas, M., & Fuleky, G., 2013. Effects of biogas dig-estate on soil properties and plant growth. In EGU General Assembly Conference abstracts; pp. EGU2013–2797). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040490
   Google Scholar
• Hadush, M. (2015). The role of community based watershed management for rural livelihood in Wereda Adwa, Central Tigray Zone. International Journal of Weather, Climate Change and Conservation Research, 2(1), 22–46.
   Google Scholar
• Hailu, W. (2017). Impact of physical soil and water conservation structure on selected soil physicochemical properties in Gondar Zuriya Woreda. Resources and Environment, 7(2), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.re.20170702.02
   Google Scholar
• Hunegnaw, A. T., Tegegnework, G. M., Dagmawi, L., Abiot, M., & Esubalew, T. (2017). Sustainability of climate-resilient soil and water conservation strategies nexus the practices in tragedy at the upper Blue Nile basin of Northwestern Ethiopia: Economic welfare implication to the farming communities. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, 8(5), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000399
   Google Scholar
• Ingxay, P., Hirota, I., & Yokoyama, S. (2015). Access to livelihood assets under the influence of a climate event in Upland Northern Laos. Geographical Review of Japan Series B, 87(2), 131–145.
   Google Scholar
• Jambo, Y., Alemu, A., & Tasew, W. (2021). Impact of small-scale irrigation on household food security: Evidence from Ethiopia. Agric & Food Secur, 10(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-021-00294-w
   Google Scholar
• Kassa, Y., & Beyene, F., 2014. Integrated soil and water conservation program and livelihood of farm households in the highlands of West Harerghe Zone, Ethiopia. Doctoral dissertation 2014, Haramaya University.
   Google Scholar
• Kokoye, S., Jolly, C., Molnar, J., Shannon, D., & Bayard, B. (2016). Adoption and impact of soil conservation practices on farm income: Evidence from Northern Haiti. 1376, 109686.
   Google Scholar
• Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques (2nd edition, pp. 174-176). New Age International.
   Google Scholar
• Meaza, H., Tsegaye, D., & Nyssen, J. (2016). Allocation of degraded hillsides to landless farmers and improved livelihoods in Tigray, Ethiopia. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, 70(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2015.1091033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mekonnen, A., & Tolera, M. (2019). Carbon stock estimation along an altitudinal gradient in Sekele-Mariam dry evergreen montane forest, North-Western Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 8(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20190802.14
   Google Scholar
• Mekuriaw, A., Heinimann, A., Zeleke, G., & Hurni, H. (2018). Factors influencing the adoption of physical soil and water conservation practices in the Ethiopian highlands. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 6(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2017.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mena, M. M., Madalcho, A. B., Gulfo, E., & Gismu, G. (2018). Community adoption of watershed management practices at Kindo Didaye District, Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, 14(3), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2018.14.555881
   Google Scholar
• Mengistu, F., & Assefa, E. (2019). Farmers’ decision to adopt watershed management practices in the Gibe basin, southwest Ethiopia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 7(4), 376–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2019.08.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mengistu, D. D., Degaga, D. T., & Tsehay, A. S. (2021). Analyzing the contribution of crop diversification in improving household food security among wheat-dominated rural households in Sinana District, Bale Zone, Ethiopia. Agric & Food Secur, 10(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-020-00280-8
   Google Scholar
• Merritt, W. S., Patch, B., Reddy, V. R., & Syme, G. J. (2016). Modeling livelihoods and household resilience to droughts using Bayesian networks. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 18(2), 315–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-015-9650-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meshesha, Y. B., & Birhanu, B. S. (2015). Assessment of the effectiveness of watershed management intervention in Chena Woreda, Kaffa Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 7(15), 1257. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2015.715102
   Google Scholar
• Molla, T., & Sisheber, B. (2017). Estimating soil erosion risk and evaluating erosion control measures for soil conservation planning at Koga watershed in the highlands of Ethiopia. Solid Earth, 8(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-13-2017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nachtergaele, F., Biancalani, R., Petri, M., Bunning, S., & Woodfine, A. (2013). Land degradation assessment in drylands (Lada) project: Methodology and results. Food and Agriculture Organization of the united nation, Rome 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Nkonya, E., Mirzabaev, A., and von Braun, J. (2016). Economics of land degradation and improvement: An introduction and overview. In E. Nkonya (Ed.), Economics of land degradation and improvement – a global assessment for sustainable development (pp. 1–15). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19168-3_1
   Google Scholar
• Pretty, J., Benton, T. G., Bharucha, Z. P., Dicks, L. V., Flora, C. B., Godfray, H. C. J., Goulson, D., Hartley, S., Morris, C., Pierzynski, G., Prasad, P. V. V., Reganold, J., Smith, P., Thorne, P., & Wratten, S. (2018). Global assessment of agricultural system redesign for sustainable intensification. Nature Sustainability, 1(8), 441–446. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0114-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shikuku, K. M., Valdivia, R. O., Paul, B. K., Mwngera, C., Winowiecki, L., Laderach, P., Herrero, M., & Silvestri, S. (2017). Prioritizing climate-smart livestock technologies in rural Tanzania: A Minimum data approach. Agricultural Systems, 151(12), 204–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, K. N., Singh, R., Khalkho, D., & Pradesh, U. (2019). Environmental benefits by implementation of agroforestry systems for garhkundar-dabar watershed central India-a case study k. Research Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, 7(17), 8–13.
   Google Scholar
• Sinore, T., Kissi, E., & Aticho, A. (2018). The effects of biological soil conservation practices and community perception toward these practices in the Lemo District of Southern Ethiopia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 6(2018), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.01.004
   Google Scholar
• Siraw, Z., Bewket, W., & Degefu, M. A. (2018). Assessment of livelihood benefits of community-based watershed development in northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. International Journal of River Basin Management, 14(8), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2018.1505733
   Google Scholar
• Tanto, T., & Laekemariam, F. (2019). Impacts of soil and water conservation practices on soil property and wheat productivity in Southern Ethiopia. Environ Syst Res, 8(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-019-0142-4
   Google Scholar
• Tefera, N., Demeke, M., & Kayitakire, F. (2017). Building sustainable resilience for food security and livelihood dynamics: The case of farming rural households in Ethiopia. EUR 29111 EN, European Commission, Ispra, 2017. JRC110834. https://doi.org/10.2760/973096
   Google Scholar
• Tesfaye, G., & Tibebe, D. (2018). Soil erosion modeling using GIS-based RUSEL model in Gilgel Gibe-1 catchment, South West Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, 15(5), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2018.15.555923
   Google Scholar
• Thornton, P. K., & Herrero, M. (2010). The potential for reduced methane and carbon dioxide emissions from livestock and pasture management in the tropics. PNAS, 107(46), 19667–19672. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912890107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welemariam, M., Kebede, F., Bedadi, B., & Birhane, E. (2018). Effect of community-based soil and water conservation practices on soil glomalin, aggregate size distribution, aggregate stability, and aggregate-associated organic carbon in northern highlands of Ethiopia. Agric & Food Secure, 7(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0193-1
   Google Scholar
• Wolka, K., & Negash, M. (2014). Farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation technology: A case study of the Bokole and Toni sub-watersheds, southern Ethiopia. Journal of Science & Development, 2(1), 35–48.
   Google Scholar
• Wordofa, M. G., Hassen, J. Y., Endris, G. S., Aweke, C. S., Moges, D. K., & Rorisa, D. T. (2021). Adoption of improved agricultural technology and its impact on household income: A propensity score matching estimation in eastern Ethiopia. Agric & Food Secure, 10(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-020-00278-2
   Google Scholar
• Yaebiyo, G. M., Tesfay, Y., & Assefa, D. (2015). Socio-economic impact assessment of integrated watershed management in Sheka watershed, Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 2015, 6(9), 202–212. www.iiste.org
   Google Scholar
• Yifru, G. S., Miheretu, B. A., & Snapp, S. S. (2022). Farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation practices: The case of Lege-Lafto Watershed, Dessie Zuria District, South Wollo, Ethiopia. PLoS ONE, 17(4), e0265071. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, D. S. (2017). Handbook of Regression Methods, 2017 (pp. 109–136). CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zerihun, M. F. (2021). Agroforestry practices in livelihood improvement in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Sustainability, 13(15), 8477. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar