Advanced search
Publication Cover
Cogent Food & Agriculture Volume 9, 2023 - Issue 1
Submit an article Journal homepage
1,099
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Food Science & Technology

Antiviral activities of olive oil apigenin and taxifolin against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP): In silico, pharmacokinetic, ADMET, and in-vitro approaches

Samy Selim1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia;2 Olive Research Center, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-8586View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Mha Albqmi2 Olive Research Center, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia;3 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi ArabiaView further author information
,
Awadh Alanazi1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi ArabiaView further author information
,
Yasir Alruwaili1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi ArabiaView further author information
,
Mohammad M. Al-Sanea4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi ArabiaView further author information
,
Taghreed S. Alnusaire5 Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi ArabiaView further author information
,
Mohammed S. Almuhayawi6 Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaView further author information
,
Soad K. Al Jaouni7 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaView further author information
,
Shaimaa Hussein8 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi ArabiaView further author information
,
Mona Warrad9 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Jouf University, Qurayyat, Al, Saudi ArabiaView further author information
,
Hamada AbdElgawad10 Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumView further author information
,
Naglaa Elshafey11 Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Al-Arish, EgyptORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-9406View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Mohamed E. Elnosary12 Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-8625View further author information
ORCID Icon show all
Article: 2236828 | Received 27 Mar 2023, Accepted 11 Jul 2023, Published online: 29 Jul 2023

References

  • Abdelrheem, D. A., Rahman, A. A., Elsayed, K. N. M., Abd El-Mageed, H. R., Mohamed, H. S., & Ahmed, S. A. (2021). Isolation, characterization, in vitro anticancer activity, dft calculations, molecular docking, bioactivity score, drug-likeness and admet studies of eight phytoconstituents from brown alga sargassum platycarpum. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1225, 129245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129245
  • Afonine, P. V., Klaholz, B. P., Moriarty, N. W., Poon, B. K., Sobolev, O. V., Terwilliger, T. C., Adams, P. D., & Urzhumtsev, A. (2018). New tools for the analysis and validation of Cryo-EM maps and atomic models. Acta Crystallographica Section D: Structural Biology, 74(9), 814–16. https://doi.org/10.1107/S2059798318009324
  • Akrayi, H. F., & Tawfeeq, J. D. (2012). Antibacterial activity of Lepidium sativum and allium porrum extracts and juices against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences, 20(1), 10–16. https://jag.journalagent.com/ias/pdfs/IAS_20_1_10_16.pdf
  • Al-Karmalawy, A. A., & Khattab, M. (2020). Molecular modelling of mebendazole polymorphs as a potential colchicine binding site inhibitor. New Journal of Chemistry, 44(33), 13990–13996. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ02844D
  • Al-Mokadem, A. Z., Alnaggar, A. E.-A. M., Mancy, A. G., Sofy, A. R., Sofy, M. R., Mohamed, A. K. S. H., Abou Ghazala, M. M. A., El-Zabalawy, K. M., Salem, N. F. G., Elnosary, M. E., & Agha, M. S. (2022). Foliar application of chitosan and phosphorus alleviate the potato virus Y-Induced resistance by modulation of the reactive oxygen species, antioxidant defense system activity and gene expression in potato. Agronomy, 12(12), 3064. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123064
  • Almuhayawi, M. S., Alruhaili, M. H., Gattan, H. S., Alharbi, M. T., Nagshabandi, M. K., Al Jaouni, S. K., Selim, S., & Elnosary, M. E. (2023). In silico molecular modeling of cold pressed garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed oil toward the binding pocket of antimicrobial resistance Staphylococcus aureus DNA-gyrase complexes. European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences, 27(4), 1238–1247. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202302_31356
  • Amiot-Carlin, M. J. (2014). Olive oil and health effects: from epidemiological studies to the molecular mechanisms of phenolic fraction. OCL Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids, 21(5), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2014029
  • Asmi, K. S., Lakshmi, T., Balusamy, S. R., & Parameswari, R. (2017). Therapeutic aspects of taxifolin–an update. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research| Jul-Sep, (3), 7.
  • Bendini, A., Cerretani, L., Carrasco-Pancorbo, A., Gómez-Caravaca, A. M., Segura-Carretero, A., Fernández-Gutiérrez, A., & Lercker, G. (2007). Phenolic molecules in virgin olive oils: A survey of their sensory properties, health effects, antioxidant activity and analytical methods. An overview of the last decade alessandra. Molecules, 12(8), 1679–1719. https://doi.org/10.3390/12081679
  • Bonoli, M., Montanucci, M., Toschi, T. G., & Lercker, G. (2003). Fast separation and determination of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and other phenolic compounds in extra-virgin olive oil by capillary zone electrophoresis with ultraviolet-diode array detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 1011(1–2), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)01100-2
  • Bulotta, S., Celano, M., Lepore, S. M., Montalcini, T., Pujia, A., & Russo, D. (2014). Beneficial effects of the olive oil phenolic components oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol: Focus on protection against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Journal of Translational Medicine, 12(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-014-0219-9
  • Butler, M. S. (2004). The role of natural product chemistry in drug discovery. Journal of Natural Products, 67(12), 2141–2153. https://doi.org/10.1021/np040106y
  • Caramia, G., Gori, A., Valli, E., & Cerretani, L. (2012). Virgin olive oil in preventive medicine: From legend to epigenetics. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 114(4), 375–388. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201100164
  • Cerretani, L., Gallina Toschi, T., & Bendini, A. (2009). Phenolic fraction of virgin olive oil: An overview on identified compounds and analytical methods for their determination. Functional Plant Science and Biotechnology, 3(Special issue), 69–80. https://hdl.handle.net/11585/82069
  • Chen, X., Li, H., Tian, L., Li, Q., Luo, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Analysis of the physicochemical properties of acaricides based on Lipinski’s rule of five. Journal of Computational Biology, 27, 1397–1406. https://doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2019.0323
  • Cicerale, S., Lucas, L., & Keast, R. (2010). Biological activities of phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11(2), 458–479. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11020458
  • Dai, W., Bi, J., Li, F., Wang, S., Huang, X., Meng, X., Sun, B., Wang, D., Kong, W., Jiang, C., & Su, W. (2019). Antiviral efficacy of flavonoids against enterovirus 71 infection in vitro and in newborn mice. Viruses, 11(7), 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11070625
  • Desideri, N., Conti, C., Sestili, I., Tomao, P., Stein, M. L., & Orsi, N. (1995). In Vitro evaluation of the anti-picornavirus activities of new synthetic flavonoids. Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, 6(5), 298–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/095632029500600503
  • Donalisio, M., Nana, H. M., Ngono Ngane, R. A., Gatsing, D., Tiabou Tchinda, A., Rovito, R., Cagno, V., Cagliero, C., Boyom, F. F., Rubiolo, P., Bicchi, C., & Lembo, D. (2013). In Vitro anti-Herpes simplex virus activity of crude extract of the roots of Nauclea latifolia Smith (Rubiaceae). BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-266
  • Elebeedy, D., Elkhatib, W. F., Kandeil, A., Ghanem, A., Kutkat, O., Alnajjar, R., Saleh, M. A., Abd El Maksoud, A. I., Badawy, I., & Al-Karmalawy, A. A. (2021). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of tanshinone iia, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid, baicalein, and glycyrrhetinic acid between computational and in vitro insights. RSC Advances 2021, 11(47), 29267–29286. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA05268C
  • Elfiky, A. A. (2017). Zika virus: Novel guanosine derivatives revealed strong binding and possible inhibition of the polymerase. Future Virology, 12(12), 721–728. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2017-0081
  • Elfiky, A. A. (2019). Novel guanosine derivatives as anti-HCV NS5b polymerase: A QSAR and molecular docking study. Medicinal Chemistry, 15(2), 130–137. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573406414666181015152511
  • Elfiky, A. A. A.-H. (2020). Anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, repurposing against COVID-19. Life Sciences, 248, 117477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117477
  • Elfiky, A. A., & Ismail, A. M. (2018). Molecular docking revealed the binding of nucleotide/side inhibitors to zika viral polymerase solved structures. SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research, 29(5), 409–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062936X.2018.1454981
  • El Gizawy, H. A., Boshra, S. A., Mostafa, A., Mahmoud, S. H., Ismail, M. I., Alsfouk, A. A., Taher, A. T., Al-Karmalawy, A. A., & Pimenta Dioica, M. (2021). Pimenta dioica (L.) merr bioactive constituents exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory activities: Molecular docking and dynamics, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Molecules, 26(19), 5844. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195844
  • Elnosary, M. E., Aboelmagd, H. A., Habaka, M. A., Salem, S. R., & El-Naggar, M. E. (2022). Synthesis of bee venom loaded chitosan nanoparticles for anti-MERS-COV and multi-drug resistance bacteria. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 224, 871–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.173
  • Elnosary, M., Aboelmagd, H., Sofy, M. R., Sofy, A., & Elshazly, E. (2022). Hamdy antiviral and antibacterial properties of synthesis silver nanoparticles with nigella arvensis aqueous extract. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 0(0), 0–0. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2022.159976.6894
  • Elshazly, E. H., Nasr, A., Elnosary, M. E., Gouda, G. A., Mohamed, H., & Song, Y. (2023). Identifying the Anti-MERS-CoV and anti-hcoV-229E potential drugs from the ginkgo biloba leaves extract and its eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Molecules, 28(3), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031375
  • Fidelis, Q. C., Faraone, I., Russo, D., Aragão Catunda-Jr, F. E., Vignola, L., de Carvalho, M. G., de Tommasi, N., & Milella, L. (2019). Chemical and biological insights of ouratea hexasperma (A. St.-Hil.) Baill.: A source of bioactive compounds with multifunctional properties. Natural Product Research, 33(10), 1500–1503. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1419227
  • Ganesan, A., & Barakat, K. (2017). Applications of computer-aided approaches in the development of hepatitis c antiviral agents. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 12(4), 407–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2017.1291628
  • Ganesan, S., Faris, A. N., Comstock, A. T., Wang, Q., Nanua, S., Hershenson, M. B., & Sajjan, U. S. (2012). Quercetin inhibits rhinovirus replication in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Research, 94(3), 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.03.005
  • Gorzynik-Debicka, M., Przychodzen, P., Cappello, F., Kuban-Jankowska, A., Marino Gammazza, A., Knap, N., Wozniak, M., & Gorska-Ponikowska, M. (2018). Potential health benefits of olive oil and plant polyphenols. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(3), 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030686
  • Hakobyan, A., Arabyan, E., Avetisyan, A., Abroyan, L., Hakobyan, L., & Zakaryan, H. (2016). Apigenin inhibits African swine fever virus infection in vitro. Archives of Virology, 161(12), 3445–3453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3061-y
  • Jin, Y., Yang, H., Ji, W., Wu, W., Chen, S., Zhang, W., & Duan, G. V. (2020). Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19. Viruses, 12(4), 372. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040372
  • Kasende, O. E., Matondo, A., Muya, J. T., & Scheiner, S. (2017). Interactions between temozolomide and guanine and its S and Se‐substituted analogues. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, 117(3), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1002/qua.25294
  • Kaul, R., Paul, P., Kumar, S., Büsselberg, D., Dwivedi, V. D., & Chaari, A. (2021). Promising antiviral activities of natural flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 targets: Systematic review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22(20), 11069. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011069
  • Khattab, M., & Al‐Karmalawy, A. A. (2021). Revisiting activity of some nocodazole analogues as a potential anticancer drugs using molecular docking and DFT calculations. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 628398. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.628398
  • Lim, R., Barker, G., Wall, C. A., & Lappas, M. (2013). Dietary phytophenols curcumin, naringenin and apigenin reduce infection-induced inflammatory and contractile pathways in human placenta, foetal membranes and myometrium. Molecular Human Reproduction, 19(7), 451–462. https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gat015
  • Mahmoud, I. S., Jarrar, Y. B., Alshaer, W., & Ismail, S. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 entry in host cells-multiple targets for treatment and prevention. Biochimie, 175, 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.012
  • Majumder, D., Debnath, M., Sharma, K. N., Shekhawat, S. S., Prasad, G., Maiti, D., & Ramakrishna, S. (2022). Olive oil consumption can prevent non-communicable diseases and COVID-19: A Review. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 23(2), 261–275. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201022666210412143553
  • Martin, K. W., & Ernst, E. (2003). Antiviral agents from plants and herbs: A systematic review. Antiviral Therapy, 8(2), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/135965350300800201
  • Matondo, A., Dendera, W., Isamura, B. K., Ngbolua, K. T. N., Mambo, H. V. S., Muzomwe, M., & Mudogo, V. (2022). In silico drug repurposing of anticancer drug 5-FU and analogues against SARS-CoV-2 main protease: Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, pharmacokinetics and chemical reactivity studies. Advances and Applications in Bioinformatics and Chemistry: AABC, 15, 59–77. https://doi.org/10.2147/AABC.S366111
  • Matondo, A., Kilembe, J. T., Ngoyi, E. M., Kabengele, C. N., Kasiama, G. N., Lengbiye, E. M., Mbadiko, C. M., Inkoto, C. L., Bongo, G. N., Gbolo, B. Z., Falanga, C. M., Mwanangombo, D. T., Opota, D. O., Tshibangu, D. S. T., Tshilanda, D. D., Ngbolua, K. T.-N., & Mpiana, P. T. (2021). Oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and apigenin from Ocimum basilicum as potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease: A molecular docking study. International Journal of Pathogen Research, 6(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2021/v6i230156
  • Mishra, C. B., Pandey, P., Sharma, R. D., Malik, M. Z., Mongre, R. K., Lynn, A. M., Prasad, R., Jeon, R., & Prakash, A. (2021). Identifying the natural polyphenol catechin as a multi-targeted agent against SARS-CoV-2 for the plausible therapy of COVID-19: An integrated computational approach. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 22(2), 1346–1360. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaa378
  • Ngbolua, J. K., Kilembe, J. T., Matondo, A., Ashande, C. M., Mukiza, J., Nzanzu, C. M., Ruphin, F. P., Baholy, R., Mpiana, P. T., & Mudogo, V. (2022). In silico studies on the interaction of four cytotoxic compounds with angiogenesis target protein HIF-1α and human androgen receptor and their ADMET properties. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 46, 101. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-022-00793-1
  • Ngwa, W., Kumar, R., Thompson, D., Lyerly, W., Moore, R., Reid, T.-E., Lowe, H., & Toyang, N. Potential of flavonoid-inspired phytomedicines against COVID-19. Molecules, 2020(11), 25, 2707. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112707
  • Norinder, U., & Bergström, C. A. S. (2006). Prediction of ADMET Properties. ChemMedchem: Chemistry Enabling Drug Discovery, 1(9), 920–937. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.200600155
  • O’Boyle, N. M., Banck, M., James, C. A., Morley, C., Vandermeersch, T., & Hutchison, G. R. (2011). Open babel: An open chemical toolbox. Journal of Cheminformatics, 3(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-2946-3-33
  • Owen, R. W., Giacosa, A., Hull, W. E., Haubner, R., Würtele, G., Spiegelhalder, B., & Bartsch, H. (2000). Olive-oil consumption and health: The possible role of antioxidants. The Lancet Oncology, 1(2), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(00)00015-2
  • Pauwels, R., Balzarini, J., Baba, M., Snoeck, R., Schols, D., Herdewijn, P., Desmyter, J., & De Clercq, E. (1988). Rapid and automated tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay for the detection of anti-HIV compounds. Journal of Virological Methods, 20(4), 309–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-0934(88)90134-6
  • Perez-Martinez, P., Garcia-Rios, A., Delgado-Lista, J., Perez-Jimenez, F., & Lopez-Miranda, J. (2011). Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil and obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 17(8), 769–777. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161211795428948
  • Piccolella, S., Crescente, G., Candela, L., & Pacifico, S. (2019). Nutraceutical polyphenols: New analytical challenges and opportunities. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 175, 112774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2019.07.022
  • Pires, D. E., Blundell, T. L., & Ascher, D. B. (2015). pkCSM: Predicting small-molecule pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties using graph-based signatures. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 58(9), 4066–4072. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00104
  • Pratama, M. R. F., Poerwono, H., & Siswodiharjo, S. (2019). ADMET properties of novel 5-O-Benzoylpinostrobin derivatives. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 30(6), 30. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0251
  • Protti, Í. F., Rodrigues, D. R., Fonseca, S. K., Alves, R. J., de Oliveira, R. B., & Maltarollo, V. G. (2021). Do drug‐likeness rules apply to oral prodrugs? ChemMedChem 2021, 16(9), 1446–1456. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.202000805
  • Qian, S., Fan, W., Qian, P., Zhang, D., Wei, Y., Chen, H., & Li, X. (2015). Apigenin restricts FMDV infection and inhibits viral IRES driven translational activity. Viruses, 7(4), 1613–1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/v7041613
  • Rbaa, M., Oubihi, A., Hajji, H., Tüzün, B., Hichar, A., Ajana, E., Berdimurodov, M. A., Lakhrissi, A., Zarrouk, B. S., & Lakhrissi, B. (2021). Bioinformatics and biological evaluation of novel pyridine based on 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives as antibacterial agents: DFT, molecular docking and ADME/T studies. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1244, 130934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130934
  • Reynolds, D., Huesemann, M., Edmundson, S., Sims, A., Hurst, B., Cady, S., Beirne, N., Freeman, J., Berger, A., & Gao, S. (2021). Viral inhibitors derived from macroalgae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria: A review of antiviral potential throughout pathogenesis. Algal Research, 57, 102331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2021.102331
  • Russo, M., Moccia, S., Spagnuolo, C., Tedesco, I., & Russo, G. L. (2020). Roles of flavonoids against coronavirus infection. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 328, 109211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109211
  • Scoditti, E., Calabriso, N., Massaro, M., Pellegrino, M., Storelli, C., Martines, G., De Caterina, R., & Carluccio, M. A. (2012). Mediterranean diet polyphenols reduce inflammatory angiogenesis through MMP-9 and COX-2 inhibition in human vascular endothelial cells: A potentially protective mechanism in atherosclerotic vascular disease and cancer. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 527(2), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2012.05.003
  • Shibata, C., Ohno, M., Otsuka, M., Kishikawa, T., Goto, K., Muroyama, R., Kato, N., Yoshikawa, T., Takata, A., & Koike, K. (2014). The flavonoid apigenin inhibits hepatitis C virus replication by decreasing mature MicroRNA122 levels. Virology, 462, 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.05.024
  • Soltan, M. A., Elbassiouny, N., Gamal, H., Elkaeed, E. B., Eid, R. A., Eldeen, M. A., & Al-Karmalawy, A. A. (2021). In Silico prediction of a multitope vaccine against Moraxella catarrhalis: Reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics. Vaccines, 9(6), 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060669
  • Song, Z., Xu, Y., Bao, L., Zhang, L., Yu, P., Qu, Y., Zhu, H., Zhao, W., Han, Y., & Qin, C. (2019). From SARS to MERS, thrusting coronaviruses into the spotlight. Viruses, 11(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11010059
  • Sunil, C., & Xu, B. (2019). An Insight into the health-promoting effects of taxifolin (dihydroquercetin). Phytochemistry, 166, 112066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112066
  • Tabti, H., Hajji, K., En-Nahli, F., Bouamrane, S., Lakhlifi, T., Ajana, M. A., & Bouachrine, M. (2021). Effects of partial substitution of rosemary distillation residues to oat hay on digestive aspects, milk production, and metabolic statute of Tunisian local goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02908-8
  • Tapsell, L. C. (2014). Foods and food components in the Mediterranean diet: Supporting overall effects. BMC Medicine, 12(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-100
  • Tong, J., Zhang, X., Luo, D., & Bian, S. (2021). Molecular design, molecular docking and ADMET study of cyclic sulfonamide derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 49(12), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjac.2021.09.006
  • Tshibangu, D. S. T., Matondo, A., Lengbiye, E. M., Inkoto, C. L., Ngoyi, E. M., Kabengele, C. N., Bongo, G. N., Gbolo, B. Z., Kilembe, J. T., Mwanangombo, D. T., Mbadiko, C. M., Mihigo, S. O., Tshilanda, D. D., Ngbolua, K.-T.-N., & Mpiana, P. T. (2020). Possible effect of aromatic plants and essential oils against COVID-19: Review of their antiviral activity. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 11(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2020/v11i130175
  • Vicidomini, C., Roviello, V., & Roviello, G. N. (2021). Molecular Basis of the therapeutical potential of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) and clues to its anti-COVID-19 utility. Molecules 2021, 26(7), 1880. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071880
  • Villa-Rodriguez, J. A., Kerimi, A., Abranko, L., Tumova, S., Ford, L., Blackburn, R. S., Rayner, C., & Williamson, G. (2018). Acute metabolic actions of the major polyphenols in chamomile: An in vitro mechanistic study on their potential to attenuate postprandial hyperglycaemia. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23736-1
  • Wang, S., Yao, J., Zhou, B., Yang, J., Chaudry, M. T., Wang, M., Xiao, F., Li, Y., & Yin, W. (2018). Bacteriostatic effect of quercetin as an antibiotic alternative. Journal of Food Protection, 81(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-214
  • Wani, T. A., Masoodi, F. A., Gani, A., Baba, W. N., Rahmanian, N., Akhter, R., Wani, I. A., & Ahmad, M. (2018). Olive oil and its principal bioactive compound: Hydroxytyrosol–A review of the recent literature. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 77, 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.001
  • WHO, W.G.R. on T. and C. No Title. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/312342.
  • Wu, C.-C., Fang, C.-Y., Cheng, Y.-J., Hsu, H.-Y., Chou, S.-P., Huang, S.-Y., Tsai, C.-H., & Chen, J.-Y. (2017). Inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation by the flavonoid apigenin. Journal of Biomedical Science, 24(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-016-0313-9
  • ZeinEldin, R. A., Ahmed, M. M., Hassanein, W. S., Elshafey, N., Sofy, A. R., Hamedo, H. A., & Elnosary, M. E. (2023). Diversity and distribution characteristics of viruses from soda lakes. Genes, 14(2), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14020323
  • Zhang, W., Qiao, H., Lv, Y., Wang, J., Chen, X., Hou, Y., Tan, R., Li, E., & Qiu, J. (2014). Apigenin inhibits enterovirus-71 infection by disrupting viral RNA association with trans-acting factors. PloS One, 9(10), e110429. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110429
  • Zumla, A., Chan, J. F. W., Azhar, E. I., Hui, D. S. C., & Yuen, K.-Y. (2016). Coronaviruses—drug discovery and therapeutic options. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 15(5), 327–347. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2015.37

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.