Demographic characteristics and consumer decision-making styles: Do they impact fashion product involvement?

References

• Ailawadi, K. L., Neslin, S. A., & Gedenk, K. (2001). Pursuing the value-conscious consumer: Store brands versus national brands promotion. Journal of Marketing, 65(1), 71–27. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.65.1.71.18132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alavi, S. A., Rezaei, S., Valaei, N., & Wan Ismail, W. K. (2016). Examining shopping mall consumer decision-making styles, satisfaction, and purchase intention. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 26(3), 272–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2015.1096808
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson, A., Ingfors, C., & Hallberg, E. (2016). Examining the Applicability of the Consumer Style Inventory in a Swedish Context: A Qualitative Exploration of Male Generation Y Students on Fashion Wear. Bachelor thesis, International Business school,
   Google Scholar
• Anic´, I. D., Suleska, A. C., & Rajh, E. (2010). Decision-making styles of young-adult consumers in the Republic of Macedonia. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 23(4), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2010.11517436
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anić, I. D., Rajh, S. P., & Rajh, E. (2014). Antecedents of food-related consumer decision-making styles. British Food Journal, 116(3), 431–450. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-10-2011-0250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arsenovic, M. (2021). Capital counselor. https://capitalcounselor.com/fashion-industry-statistics/. Retrieved on November 3, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Aurifeille, J., Quester, P., Lockshin, L., & Spawton, T. (2002). Global vs international segmentation: A cross national exploratory study. International Marketing Review, 19(4), 369–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330210435672
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auty, S., & Elliot, R. (1998). Social identity and the meaning of fashion brands. ACR European Advances, 3(1998), 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. The Journal of Consumer Research, 20(4), 644–656. https://doi.org/10.1086/209376
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakewell, C., & Mitchell, V. (2004). Male consumer decision-making styles. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 14(2), 223–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/0959396042000178205
   Google Scholar
• Bakewell, C., & Mitchell, V. (2006). Male versus female Consumer Decision-making styles. Journal of Business Research, 59(12), 1297–1300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.09.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barber, N., Ismail, J., & Dodd, T. (2008). Purchase attributes of wine consumers with low involvement. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 14(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1300/J038v14n01_05
   Google Scholar
• Bauer, H. H., Sauer, N. E., & Becker, C. (2006). Investigating the relationship between product involvement and consumer decision‐making styles. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5(4), 342–354. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.185
   Google Scholar
• Beatty, S. E., & Talpade, S. (1994). Adolescent influence in family decision making: A replication with extension. The Journal of Consumer Research, 21(2), 332–341. https://doi.org/10.1086/209401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bei, L. T., & Widdows, R. (1999). Product knowledge and product involvement as moderators of the effects of information on purchase decisions: A case study using the perfect information frontier approach. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 33(1), 165–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.1999.tb00765.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettman, J. R., & Sujan, M. (1987). Research in consumer information processing. In M. J. Houston (Ed.), Review in marketing (pp. 197–235). American Marketing Association.
   Google Scholar
• Bloch, P. H., Commuri, S., & Arnold, T. J. (2009). S.Commuri and T.J.Arnold. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 12(1), 49–69. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750910927214
   Google Scholar
• Brennan, L., & Mavondo, F. 2000. Involvement: An unfinished story? ANZMAC Conference: Visionary Marketing for the 21st Century: Facing the Challenge, Gold Coast, Australia
   Google Scholar
• Brokaw, S. C., & Lakshman, C. (1995). Cross-cultural consumer research in India: A review and analysis. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 7(3), 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1300/J046v07n03_04
   Google Scholar
• Cant, M. C., & Hefer, Y. (2013). Visual merchandising displays-functional or a waste of space in apparel retail stores? Gender and Behaviour, 11(1), 5336–5341. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC136356
   Google Scholar
• Celsi, R. L., & Olson, J. C. (1988). The role of involvement in attention and comprehension processes. The Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 210–224. https://doi.org/10.1086/209158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charters, S., & Pettigrew, S. (2006). Product involvement and the evaluation of wine quality. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 9(2), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750610658810
   Google Scholar
• Darley, W. K. A. R. E. S. (1995). Gender differences in information processing strategies: An empirical test of the selectivity model in advertising response. Journal of Advertising, 24(1), 41–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1995.10673467
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Wulf, K., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Iacobucci, D. (2001). Investments in consumer relationships: A cross-country and cross-industry exploration. Journal of Marketing, 65(4), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.65.4.33.18386
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R. D., & Miniard, P. W. (1995). Consumer behavior. The Dryden Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fashion innovation. (2021), https://fashinnovation.nyc/fashion-industry-statistics/ accessed November 3,2021.
   Google Scholar
• Feinberg, R. A., Mataro, L., & Burroughs, W. J. (1992). Clothing and social identity. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 11(1), 18–23.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, E., & Arnold, S. J. (1994). Sex, gender identity, gender role attitudes, and consumer behavior. Psychology & Marketing, 11(2), 163–182. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.4220110206
   Google Scholar
• Goldsmith, R. E., D’Hauteville, F., & Flynn, L. R. (1998). Theory and measurement of consumer innovativeness: A transnational evaluation. European Journal of Marketing, 32(3/4), 340–353. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569810204634
   Google Scholar
• Goldsmith, R. E., & Emmert, J. (1991). Measuring product category involvement: A multitrait-multimethod study. Journal of Business Research, 23(4), 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(91)90021-O
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handa, M., & Khare, A. (2013). Gender as a moderator of the relationship between materialism and fashion clothing involvement among Indian youth. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37(1), 112–120.‏. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01057.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haron, S. A., & Chinedu, A. H. (2018). Consumer background and decision-making styles of Malaysian college students. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(1), 170–182. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n1p170
   Google Scholar
• Hausman, A. (2000). A multi-method investigation of consumer motivations in impulse buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17(4/5), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760010341045
   Google Scholar
• Hawes, J. M., & Lumpkin, J. R. (1984). Understanding the outshopper. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 12(4), 200–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02721809
   Google Scholar
• Hiu, A. S., Siu, N. Y., Wang, C. C., & Chang, L. M. (2001). An investigation of decision-making styles of consumers in China. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35(2), 326–345. 326-345doi. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2001.tb00117.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hourigan, S. R., & Bougoure, U. S. (2012). Towards a better understanding of fashion clothing involvement. Australasian Marketing Journal, 20(2), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2011.10.004
   Google Scholar
• Jaidev, U. P., & Amarnath, D. D. (2018). Gender differences in consumer shopping styles in India. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 26(3), 1971–1993.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayawardhena, C., Tiu Wright, L., & Dennis, C. (2007). Consumers online: Intentions, orientations, and segmentation. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 35(6), 515–526. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550710750377
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, C., Banks, L., Seo, J. I., & Seo, J. -I. (2017). The effect of product involvement on store preference and clothing benefits sought for African- American female students. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 33(1), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v33i1.9871
   Google Scholar
• Jordaan, Y., & Simpson, M. N. (2006). Consumer innovativeness among females in specific fashion stores in the Menlyn shopping centre. Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, 34(1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfecs.v34i1.52887
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser, S. B. (1997). The social psychology of clothing: Symbolic appearances in context (2nd ed.). Fairchild.
   Google Scholar
• Klassen, M., Gupta, P., & Bunker, M. P. (2009). Comparison shopping on the internet. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 4(5), 564–580. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2009.025207
   Google Scholar
• Klein, A., & Sharma, V. M. (2022). Consumer decision-making styles, involvement, and the intention to participate in online group buying. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, 102808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102808
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollat, D. T., & Willett, R. P. (1967). Customer impulse purchasing behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 4(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224376700400102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopalle, P. K., & Lehmann, D. R. (2001). Strategic management expectations: The role of disconfirmation sensitivity and perfectionism. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(3), 386–394. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.38.3.386.18862
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, D. P., & Sarangi, M. (2008). Sociocultural dimensions of consumer behavior on retail shopping: A special focus on textile consumption in Orissa. Icfai University Journal of Consumer Behavior, 3(4), 7–23.
   Google Scholar
• Laurent, G., & Kapferer, J. N. (1985). Measuring consumer involvement profiles. Journal of Marketing Research, 22(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378502200104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesschaeve, I., & Bruwer, J. (2010). The importance of consumer involvement and implications for new product development. In Consumer-driven innovation in food and personal care products. In R. Sara & H. M. F. Jaeger (Eds.), Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (pp. 386–423). Woodhead Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Lockshin, L., & Hall, J. (2003). “Consumer Purchasing Behaviour for Wine: What We Know and Where We are Going”. International Wine Marketing Colloquium.
   Google Scholar
• Lysonski, S., & Durvasula, S. (2013). Consumer Decision-making styles in retailing: Evolution of mindsets and psychological impacts. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 30(1), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363761311290858
   Google Scholar
• Meyers Levy, J., & Sternthal, B. (1991). Gender differences in the use of message cues and judgments. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(1), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379102800107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, V. W., & Walsh, G. (2004). Gender differences in German consumer decision making styles. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 3(4), 331–346. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.146
   Google Scholar
• Mittal, B., & Lee, M. S. (1989). A causal model of consumer involvement. Journal of Economic Psychology, 10(3), 363–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(89)90030-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhlis, S., & Salleh, H. S. (2009). Consumer decision-making styles in Malaysia: An exploratory study of gender differences. European Journal of Social Sciences, 10(4), 574–584.
   Google Scholar
• Mukherjee, A., Satija, D., & Goyal, T. M. (2012). Are Indian consumers brand conscious? Insights for global retailers. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 24(3), 482–499. https://doi.org/10.1108/13555851211237920
   Google Scholar
• O’Cass, A. (1996). Consumer involvement: Clarity of confusion after 35 years? In R. Belk & R. Groves (Eds.), Asia Pacific advances in consumer research (Vol. 2, pp. 100–104). Association for Consumer Research.
   Google Scholar
• O’Cass, A. (2001). Consumer self-monitoring, materialism and involvement in fashion clothing. Journal of Economic Psychology, 21(5), 545–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3582(01)70166-8
   Google Scholar
• O’Cass, A. (2004). Fashion clothing consumption: Antecedents and consequences of fashion clothing involvement. European Journal of Marketing, 38(7), 869–882. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560410539294
   Google Scholar
• Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1990.10673191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, Y. A., & Gretzel, U. (2008). Investigating the effects of product type on online decision-making styles. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2008 (pp. 509–520). Springer, Vienna.
   Google Scholar
• Park, E. J., Kim, E. Y., Funches, V. M., & Foxx, W. (2012). Apparel product attributes, web browsing, and e-impulse buying on shopping websites. Journal of Business Research, 65(11), 1583–1589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.02.043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, D. H., Lee, J., & Han, I. (2007). The effect of on-line consumer reviews on consumer purchasing intention: The moderating role of involvement. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 11(4), 125–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, H. H., & Sullivan, P. (2009). Market segmentation with respect to university students’ clothing benefits sought: Shopping orientation, clothing attribute evaluation, and brand repatronage. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 37(2), 182–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550910934308
   Google Scholar
• Park, J. E., Yu, J., & Zhou, J. X. (2010). Consumer innovativeness and shopping styles. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 27(5), 437–446. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363761011063330
   Google Scholar
• Peters, C., & Bodkin, C. D. (2007). An exploratory investigation of problematic online auction behaviors: Experiences of eBay users. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 14(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2006.02.002
   Google Scholar
• Pol, L. G. (1991). Demographic contributions to marketing: An assessment. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 19(1), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723424
   Google Scholar
• Potgieter, D., Wiese, M., & Strasheim, A. (2013). Demographic differences in adult consumers ’decision-making styles in Tshwane, South Africa. Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, 41(0), 11–27. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC140801
   Google Scholar
• Prabhavathi, Y., Kishore, K., & Kumar, R. (2014). Problems and changing needs of consumers in fast food industry: The Indian perspective. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(2), 647–650.
   Google Scholar
• Rezaei, S. (2015). Segmenting consumer decision-making styles (CDMS) toward marketing practice: A partial least squares (PLS) path modeling approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richins, M. L., Bloch, P. H., & McQuarrie, E. F. (1992). How enduring and situational involvement combine to create involvement responses. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 1(2), 143–153. 143-153doi. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1057-7408(08)80054-X
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild, L. M. (1984). Perspectives on Involvement: Current Problems and Future Directions. In T. C. Kinnear (Ed.), NA - Advances in Consumer Research (Vol. 11, pp. 216–217). Association for Consumer Research.
   Google Scholar
• Saleh, M., Alhosseini, S. E., & Slambolchi, A. (2017). A review of consumer decision-making styles: existing styles and proposed additional styles. International Journal of Research in IT, Management and Engineering, 7(1), 33–44.
   Google Scholar
• Sam, K. M., & Chatwin, C. (2015). Online consumer decision-making styles for enhanced understanding of Macau online consumer behavior. Asia Pacific Management Review, 20(2), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2014.12.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar, S., Khare, A., & Sadachar, A. (2019). Influence of consumer decision-making styles on use of mobile shopping applications. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 27(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-07-2018-0208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiffman, L., Bednall, D., Ao’cass, A. P., Ward, S., & Kanuk, L. (2008). Consumer behaviour (4th ed.). Pearson Education Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (1991). Communication and consumer behavior. Consumer Behavior, 2, 268–306.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1995). Decision-making style: The development and assessment of a new measure. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(5), 818–831. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164495055005017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo, J. I. (2016). Internet shopping behaviors of generation y African-American based on apparel production involvement. International Business Research, 9(9), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n9p64
   Google Scholar
• Seo, J. I., Hathcote, J. M., & Sweaney, A. L. (2001). Casualwear shopping behavior of college men in Georgia, USA. Journal of Fashion Marketing & Management, 5(3), 208–220.
   Google Scholar
• Seo, J. I., & Namwamba, G. W. (2014). The investigation of product involvement in shopping behaviors among male college students. Atlantic Marketing Journal, 3(3), 81–101. https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/amj/vol3/iss3/6
   Google Scholar
• Shahbandeh, M. (2021a). Global revenue of the apparel market, 2012-2025 https://www.statista.com/forecasts/821415/value-of-the-global-apparel-market. Retrieved November 3, 2021
   Google Scholar
• Shahbandeh, M. (2021b). U.S. apparel market - statistics & facts https://www.statista.com/topics/965/apparel-market-in-the-us/#dossierKeyfigures Accessed on November 3,2021
   Google Scholar
• Shamsher, R., & Chowdhury, R. A. (2012). Relationship of demographic characteristics with purchasing decision involvement: A study on FMCG laundry soaps. Journal of Business & Retail Management Research, 6(2), 78–89.‏.
   Google Scholar
• Shim, S., & Bickle, M. C. (1994). Benefit segments of the female apparel market: Psychographics, shopping orientations, and demographics. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 12(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X9401200201
   Google Scholar
• Shim, S., & Kotsiopulos, A. (1992). Patronage behavior of apparel shopping: Part I. Shopping orientations, store attributes, information sources, and personal characteristics. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 10(2), 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X9201000208
   Google Scholar
• Shukla, P. (2011) The interplay between psychographic and socio-demographic factors on consumers’ attitude toward private label brands. The interplay between psychographic and socio-demographic factors on consumers’ attitude toward private label brands. Proceedings of the Delivering Value in Turbulent Times. San Francisco Marriott Marquis, San Francisco, United States.
   Google Scholar
• Slama, M. E., & Tashchian, A. (1985). Selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics associated with purchasing involvement. Journal of Marketing, 49(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sproles, G. B., & Kendall, E. L. (1986). A methodology for profiling consumers’ decision-making styles. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 20(2), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.1986.tb00382.x doi|.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statista consumer market outlook, Apparel Report 2021, August. 2021. https://www.statista.com/study/55501/apparel-report/ accessed November 3,2021
   Google Scholar
• To, P. -L., Liao, C., & Lin, T. -H. (2007). Shopping motivations on internet: A study based on utilitarian and hedonic value. Technovation, 27(12), 774–787. https://doi.org/10.774787/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traylor, M. B. (1981). Product involvement and brand commitment. Journal of Advertising Research, 21(6), 51–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traylor, B., & Joseph, B. (1984). Measuring consumer involvement in products. Psychology & Marketing, 1(2), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.4220010207
   Google Scholar
• Truta, C., & Nitoiu, C. (2014). Personality factors and emotions involved in consumer decision-making styles. Romanian Journal of Experimental Applied Psychology, 5(2), 19–26.
   Google Scholar
• Van Slyke, C., Comunale, C. L., & Belanger, F. (2002). Gender differences in perceptions of web-based shopping. Communications of the ACM, 45(8), 82–86. https://doi.org/10.1145/545151.545155
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vipul, P. (2010). Impact of demographic factors on consumer response to sales promotions: An empirical study. Advances in Management, 3(10), 60–65.
   Google Scholar
• Vokounová, D. (2019). Consumer decision-making styles of young-adult consumers in Slovakia. Proceedings of the 19th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment, Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, University of Economics in Bratislava Dolnozemská cesta 1 (pp. 336–367). Bratislava.
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, G., & Mitchell, V. W. (2005). Demographic characteristics of consumers who find it difficult to decide. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 23(3), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500510597319
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, G., Mitchell, V. W., & Hennig‐thurau, T. (2001). German consumer decision‐making styles. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35(1), 73–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2001.tb00103.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. L., Siu, N. Y., & Hui, A. S. (2004). Consumer decision‐making styles on domestic and imported brand clothing. European Journal of Marketing, 38(1/2), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560410511212
   Google Scholar
• Wedel, M., & Kamakura, W. A. (2000). Market Segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations (2nd ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, M. (2003). To be about to be. American Demographics, 25(51), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1175/0065-9401(2003)029<0025:CWWHLA>2.0.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Wesley, S., LeHew, W., & Woodside, A. G. (2006). Consumer decision-making styles and mall shopping behavior: Building theory using exploratory data analysis and the comparative method. Journal of Business Research, 59(5), 535–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasin, B. (2009). The role of gender on Turkish consumers’ decision-making styles. Advances in Consumer Research, 8, 301–308.
   Google Scholar
• Yener, D. (2014). The effect of religiosity on product involvement in a Muslim society. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.20491/isader.2014115963
   Google Scholar
• Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1986). Conceptualizing involvement. Journal of Advertising, 15(2), 4–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1986.10672999
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeithaml, V. A. (1985). The new demographics and market fragmentation. Journal of Marketing, 49(3), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar