Facilitating protégé well-being through mentorship among Pakistani bankers

References

• Arif, I., Aslam, W., & Hwang, Y. (2020). Barriers in adoption of internet banking: A structural equation modeling-neural network approach. Technology in Society, 61, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayoobzadeh, M. (2018). Leader development outcomes of relational mentoring for mentors. [Doctoral dissertation]. Concordia University
   Google Scholar
• Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 164–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barley, S. R., Bechky, B. A., & Milliken, F. J. (2017). The changing nature of work: Careers, identities, and work lives in the 21st century. Academy of Management Discoveries, 3(2), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.5465/amd.2017.0034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briscoe, K. L., & Freeman S., Jr. (2019). The role of mentorship in the preparation and success of university presidents. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 27(4), 416–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2019.1649920
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, S. L., & Williams, E. A. (2004). Validity of Scandura and Ragins’ (1993) multidimensional mentoring measure: An evaluation and refinement. Paper Presented at the meeting of the Southern Management Association, San Antonio, TX.
   Google Scholar
• Celma, D., Martinez-Garcia, E., & Raya, J. M. (2018). Socially responsible HR practices and their effects on employees’ well-being: Empirical evidence from Catalonia, Spain. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 24(2), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2017.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chami-Malaeb, R. (2022). Relationship of perceived supervisor support, self-efficacy and turnover intention, the mediating role of burnout. Personnel Review, 51(3), 1003–1019. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2019-0642
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern Methods for Business Research, 295(2), 295–336.
   Google Scholar
• Day, R., & Allen, T. D. (2004). The relationship between career motivation and self-efficacy with protégé career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 72–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00036-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Fabio, A. (2017). The psychology of sustainability and sustainable development for well-being in organizations. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1534. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Fabio, A., & Kenny, M. E. (2016). From decent work to decent lives: Positive Self and Relational Management (PS&RM) in the twenty-first century. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Direnzo, M. S., Greenhaus, J. H., & Weer, C. H. (2015). Relationship between protean career orientation and work–life balance: A resource perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(4), 538–560. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1996
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte, P. A. O., & Raposo, M. L. B. (2010). A PLS model to study brand preference: An application to the mobile phone market. In Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 449–485). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Eby, L. T., & McManus, S. E. (2004). The protégé’s role in negative mentoring experiences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(2), 255–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eby, L. T. d T., Allen, T. D., Hoffman, B. J., Baranik, L. E., Sauer, J. B., Baldwin, S., Morrison, M. A., Kinkade, K. M., Maher, C. P., Curtis, S., & Evans, S. C. (2013). An interdisciplinary meta-analysis of the potential antecedents, correlates, and consequences of protégé perceptions of mentoring. Psychological Bulletin, 139(2), 441–476. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrhardt, K., & Ragins, B. R. (2019). Relational attachment at work: A complementary fit perspective on the role of relationships in organizational life. Academy of Management Journal, 62(1), 248–282. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.0245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2014). A theoretical perspective on the importance of social connections for thriving. In M. Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Mechanisms of social connection: From brain to group (pp. 291–314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14250-017
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Forret, M., & de Janasz, S. (2005). Perceptions of an organization’s culture for work and family: Do mentors make a difference? Career Development International, 10(6/7), 478–492. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430510620566
   Google Scholar
• Geraghty, S. (2018). Workplace well-being. Nice to have or necessity? www.business2community.com/health-wellness/workplace-well-being-nice-to-have-or-a-necessity-02047285 (accessed December 09, 2022).
   Google Scholar
• Gill, M. J., Roulet, T. J., & Kerridge, S. P. (2018). Mentoring for mental health: A mixed-method study of the benefits of formal mentoring programmes in the English police force. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 108, 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, J. A., & Smith, A. B. (2022). Work and Life in the Sport Industry: A Review of Work-Life Interface Experiences Among Athletic Employees. Journal of Athletic Training, 57(3), 210–224. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0633.20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackett, G., & Betz, N. E. (1981). A self-efficacy approach to the career development of women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 18(3), 326–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(81)90019-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Hassard, J., Teoh, K. R., Visockaite, G., Dewe, P., & Cox, T. (2018). The cost of work-related stress to society: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann, A., Hirschi, A., & Baruch, Y. (2015). The protean career orientation as predictor of career outcomes: Evaluation of incremental validity and mediation effects. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.03.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, P. L., Edmonds, G. W., & Hampson, S. E. (2019). A purposeful lifestyle is a healthful lifestyle: Linking sense of purpose to self-rated health through multiple health behaviors. Journal of Health Psychology, 24(10), 1392–1400. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317708251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschi, A., & Koen, J. (2021). Contemporary career orientations and career self-management: A review and integration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 126, 103505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilies, R., Pluut, H., & Aw, S. S. (2015). Studying employee well-being: Moving forward. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(6), 848–852. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2015.1080241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland, G. W., & Lent, R. W. (2018). Career exploration and decision-making learning experiences: A test of the career self-management model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 106, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez-Estévez, P., Yáñez-Araque, B., Ruiz-Palomino, P., & Gutiérrez-Broncano, S. (2023). Personal growth or servant leader: What do hotel employees need most to be affectively well amidst the turbulent COVID-19 times? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 190, 122410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122410
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joo, M. K., Yu, G. C., & Atwater, L. (2018). Formal leadership mentoring and motivation to lead in South Korea. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 107, 310–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao, K. Y., Hsu, H. H., Rogers, A., Lin, M. T., Lee, H. T., & Lian, R. (2022). I see my future!: Linking mentoring, future work selves, achievement orientation to job search behaviors. Journal of Career Development, 49(1), 232–245. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845320926571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khatri, P., & Gupta, P. (2019). Development and validation of employee well-being scale–a formative measurement model. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 12(5), 352–368. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-12-2018-0161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS‐SEM: The inverse square root and gamma‐exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kossek, E. E., Roberts, K., Fisher, S., & Demarr, B. (1998). Career self‐management: A quasi‐experimental assessment of the effects of a training intervention. Personnel Psychology, 51(4), 935–960. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1998.tb00746.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kram, K. E. (1985). Improving the mentoring process. Training & Development Journal, 39(4), 40–43.
   Google Scholar
• Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308 (accessed March 29, 2019).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latif, K. F., Ahmed, I., & Aamir, S. (2022). Servant leadership, self-efficacy and life satisfaction in the public sector of Pakistan: exploratory, symmetric, and asymmetric analyses. International Journal of Public Leadership, 18(3), 264–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-11-2021-0058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepsinger, R. (2018). How to achieve ultimate work-life balance, available at: www.business2community.com/health-wellness/how-to-achieve-the-ultimate-work-life-balance-02114823
   Google Scholar
• Louis, D. A., & Freeman S., Jr. (2018). Mentoring and the passion for propagation: Narratives of two Black male faculty members who emerged from higher education and student affairs leadership. Journal of African American Males in Education (JAAME), 9(1), 19–39.
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald, L. A. (2005). Wellness at work: protecting and promoting employee health and well-being. CIPD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Malik, M. S., & Nawaz, M. K. (2021a). The relationship between mentoring functions and employee performance: mediating effects of protégé relational self-efficacy. Annals of Social Sciences and Perspective, 2(2), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.52700/assap.v2i2.50
   Google Scholar
• Malik, M. S., & Nawaz, M. K. (2021b). Relationship between mentoring functions and career success with mediating role of career resilience: evidence from Pakistani banking sector. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 10(3), 89–100.
   Google Scholar
• Malik, M. S., & Nawaz, M. K. (2022). Fostering employability through mediation of protégé career self-efficacy of Pakistani bankers. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2141672. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2141672
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mate, S. E., McDonald, M., & Do, T. (2018). The barriers and enablers to career and leadership development: An exploration of women’s stories in two work cultures. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 27(4), 857–874. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-07-2018-1475
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouerdian, E. G. B., & Mansour, N. (2019). The relationship of social capital with objective career success: the case of Tunisian bankers. Journal of Management Development, 38(2), 74–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1982). Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) [Database record]. APA PsycTests.
   Google Scholar
• Pallant, J. (2020) SP SS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SP SS. McGraw-hill education (UK).
   Google Scholar
• Pfund, G. N., & Hill, P. L. (2018). The multifaceted benefits of purpose in life. In the International Forum for Logotherapy, 41(3), 27–37.
   Google Scholar
• Purcell, R., Gwyther, K., & Rice, S. M. (2019). Mental health in elite athletes: increased awareness requires an early intervention framework to respond to athlete needs. Sports Medicine-Open, 5(1), 1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ragins, B. R. (2007). Diversity and workplace mentoring relationships: A review and positive social capital approach. In The Blackwell handbook of mentoring: a multiple perspectives approach (pp. 281–300).
   Google Scholar
• Ragins, B. R. (2012). Understanding diversified mentoring relationships: Definitions, challenges and strategies. In Mentoring and diversity (pp. 35–65). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ragins, B. R., & Dutton, J. E. (2017). Positive relationships at work: An introduction and invitation. In Exploring positive relationships at work (pp. 2–24). Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ragins, B. R., & Verbos, A. K. (2017). Positive relationships in action: Relational mentoring and mentoring schemas in the workplace. In Exploring positive relationships at work (pp. 91–116). Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ringle, C., Da Silva, D., & Bido, D. (2015). Structural equation modeling with the SmartPLS. Bido, D., da Silva, D., & Ringle, C. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling with the Smartpls. Brazilian Journal of Marketing, 13(2), 56–73.
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz‐Palomino, P., Linuesa‐Langreo, J., & Elche, D. (2023). Team‐level servant leadership and team performance: The mediating roles of organizational citizenship behavior and internal social capital. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 32(S2), 127–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12390
   Google Scholar
• Runhaar, P., Bouwmans, M., & Vermeulen, M. (2019). Exploring teachers’ career self-management. Considering the roles of organizational career management, occupational self-efficacy, and learning goal orientation. Human Resource Development International, 22(4), 364–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2019.1607675
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scandura, T. A. (1992). Mentorship and career mobility: An empirical investigation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130206
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scandura, T. A., & Viator, R. E. (1994). Mentoring in public accounting firms: An analysis of mentor-protégé relationships, mentorship functions, and protégé turnover intentions. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 19(8), 717–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(94)90031-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scandura, T. A., & Williams, E. A. (2001). An investigation of the moderating effects of gender on the relationships between mentorship initiation and protégé perceptions of mentoring functions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59(3), 342–363. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1809
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumaker, S. A., & Brownell, A. (1984). Toward a theory of social support: Closing conceptual gaps. Journal of Social Issues, 40(4), 11–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01105.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St-Jean, É., & Mathieu, C. (2015). Developing attitudes toward an entrepreneurial career through mentoring: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Journal of Career Development, 42(4), 325–338. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845314568190
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• State Bank of Pakistan. (2020). List of scheduled banks, microfinance banks, development finance institutions & Investment Banks. https://www.sbp.org.pk/publications/anu_stats/2020/Part-4/15-Appendix.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Stephens, J. P. (2012) High-quality connections [Doctoral dissertation]. Oxford University.
   Google Scholar
• Sumner, R., Burrow, A. L., & Hill, P. L. (2015). Identity and purpose as predictors of subjective well-being in emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 3(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814532796
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoits, P. A. (2012). Role-identity salience, purpose and meaning in life, and well-being among volunteers. Social Psychology Quarterly, 75(4), 360–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272512459662
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. (2015). Sustainable development goals. http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
   Google Scholar
• Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J., & Van Veldhoven, M. (2012). Employee well‐being and the HRM–organizational performance relationship: a review of quantitative studies. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(4), 391–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00322.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warr, P. (1990). The measurement of well‐being and other aspects of mental health. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(3), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00521.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, L. A. (2011). Systems theory. In Encyclopedia of child behavior and development. Springer. (pp. 1466–1468).
   Google Scholar
• Wille, B., & De Fruyt, F. (2014). Vocations as a source of identity: Reciprocal relations between Big Five personality traits and RIASEC characteristics over 15 years. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(2), 262–281. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Economic Forum. (2022). Could we soon be seeing the end of 9-5? https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/04/9-to-5-work-2022/
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2022). Mental health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/mental-health#tab=tab_1
   Google Scholar
• Wright, T. A., & Huang, C. C. (2012). The many benefits of employee well‐being in organizational research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1188–1192. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1828
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, S. Y., Wang, S. T., Liu, F., Hu, D. C., & Hwang, W. Y. (2012). The influences of social self-efficacy on social trust and social capital–A case study of Facebook. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 11(2), 246–254.
   Google Scholar
• Yan, R., Basheer, M. F., Irfan, M., & Rana, T. N. (2020). Role of psychological factors in employee wellbeing and employee performance: An empirical evidence from Pakistan. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 29(5), 638.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G.Jr., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, X., Zhu, W., Zhao, H., & Zhang, C. (2015). Employee well‐being in organizations: Theoretical model, scale development, and cross‐cultural validation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(5), 621–644. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1990
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar