Neither anguish nor salvation: The necessity of media technology use by early adults living in Poland at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic

References

• Abidin, C., & Zeng, J. (2020). Feeling Asian together: Coping with #COVIDRacism on subtle Asian traits. Social Media and Society, 6(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948223
   Google Scholar
• Alimardani, M., & Elswah, M. (2020). Online temptations: COVID-19 and religious misinformation in the MENA region. Social Media and Society, 6(3), 4–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batorski, D., Dziomdziora, W., Gackowski T., Garapich, A., Kowalski, T., Miczka, T., Ogrodowczyk, A. & Piątek, S. (2015). Strategia rozwoju rynku medialnego w Polsce 2015–2020. Sztuka–Media–Film. http://sztukamediafilm.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/SMF-Strategia-rozwoju-rynku-medialnego-w-Polsce-2015-2020.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Butler, K. D. (1995). A uses and gratifications study of the Internet. San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master’s Theses, 165.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, A. K. M., Nickson, C. P., Rudolph, J. W., Lee, A., & Joynt, G. M. (2020). Social media for rapid knowledge dissemination: Early experience from the COVID-19 pandemic. Anaesthesia, 75(12), 1579–1582. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drozdowski, R., Frąckowiak, M., Krajewski, M., Kubacka, M., Modrzyk, A., Rogowski, Ł., Rura, P., & Stamm, A. (2020). Życie codzienne w czasach pandemii. Raport z pierwszego etapu badań. Zakład Teorii i Badań Praktyk Społecznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu (pp. 1–47).
   Google Scholar
• Ferrara, E., Cresci, S., & Luceri, L. (2020). Misinformation, manipulation, and abuse on social media in the era of COVID-19. Journal of Computational Social Science, 3(2), 271–277. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-020-00094-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frith, J., & Saker, M. (2020). It is all about location: Smartphones and tracking the spread of COVID-19. Social Media and Society, 6(3), 2–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS ONE, 15(4), e0231924.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924
   Google Scholar
• GUS. (2019). Szkolnictwo wyższe w roku akademickim 2018/2019 (Vol. 2019). https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/edukacja/edukacja/szkolnictwo-wyzsze-w-roku-akademickim-20182019-wyniki-wstepne,8,6.html
   Google Scholar
• Guynn, J. (2020). Welcome to the first social media pandemic. Here are 8 ways you can stop the spread of coronavirus misinformation. USA Today. https://eu.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/03/19/coronavirus-covid-19-misinformation-social-media-facebook-youtube-instagram/2870277001/
   Google Scholar
• Kaun, A., Jakobsson, P., & Stiernstedt, F. (2020). Medier, information och tillit – Preliminära resultat. Föreningen För Svensk Medie- Och Kommunikationsforskning (FSMK). https://www.mediekom.se/?p=2196
   Google Scholar
• Khan, M. A., & Moverley Smith, J. E. (2020). “Covibesity,” a new pandemic. Obesity Medicine, 19, 100282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100282
   Google Scholar
• Khilnani, A., Schulz, J., & Robinson, L. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: New concerns and connections between eHealth and digital inequalities. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 18(3), 393–403. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-04-2020-0052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levina, M. (2016). Pandemics and the media. In Pandemics and the media. Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3726/978-1-4539-1406-9
   Google Scholar
• Lifshitz, R., Nimrod, G., & Bachner, Y. G. (2018). Internet use and well-being in later life: A functional approach. Aging & Mental Health, 22(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2016.1232370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madianou, M. (2020). A second-order disaster? Digital technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Media and Society, 6(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948168
   Google Scholar
• Malecki, K. M. C., Keating, J. A., & Safdar, N. (2020). Crisis communication and public perception of COVID-19 risk in the era of social media. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 72(4), 697–702. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa758
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhotra, P. (2020). A relationship-centered and culturally informed approach to studying misinformation on COVID-19. Social Media and Society, 6, 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, R. C., & Hancock, J. T. (2020). Older adults, social technologies, and the coronavirus pandemic: challenges, strengths, and strategies for support. Social Media and Society, 6(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948162
   Google Scholar
• Newport, C. (2019). Digital minimalism: Choosing a focused life in a noisy world. Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, M. H., Gruber, J., Fuchs, J., Marler, W., Hunsaker, A., & Hargittai, E. (2020). Changes in digital communication during the COVID-19 global pandemic: implications for digital inequality and future research. Social Media and Society, 6(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obi-Ani, N. A., Anikwenze, C., Isiani, M. C., & Freeman, B. C. (2020). Social media and the Covid-19 pandemic: Observations from Nigeria. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 7(1), 1799483. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1799483
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olatunji, O., Ayandele, O., Ashirudeen, D., & Olaniru, O. (2020). Infodemic” in a pandemic: COVID-19 conspiracy theories in an african country. Social Health and Behavior,3(4), 152–157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_43_20
   Google Scholar
• Fundacja Orange. (2015). Potrzeganie internetu i nowych technologii w Polsce. http://www.orange.pl/ocp-http/PL/Binary2/2005128/4106503993.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Papacharissi, Z., & Rubin, A. M. (2000). Predictors of internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(2), 175–196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4402_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, S. S., Webster, R. K., Greenberg, N., Weston, D., & Brooks, S. K. (2020). Disaster prevention and management: An international journal. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 29(4),445-455. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-05-2020-0164
   Google Scholar
• Pennycook, G., McPhetres, J., Zhang, Y., Lu, J. G., & Rand, D. G. (2020). Fighting COVID-19 misinformation on social media: experimental evidence for a scalable accuracy-nudge intervention. Psychological Science, 31(7), 770–780. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620939054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Poland. (2015). Baza Demografia. http://demografia.stat.gov.pl/bazademografia/Tables.aspx
   Google Scholar
• HRPolska.pl. (2019). Raport: Student w pracy 2019. https://hrpolska.pl/rynek-pracy/badania/raport-student-w-pracy-2019
   Google Scholar
• Pulido, C. M., Villarejo-Carballido, B., Redondo-Sama, G., & Gómez, A. (2020). COVID-19 infodemic: More retweets for science-based information on coronavirus than for false information. International Sociology, 35(4), 377–392. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580920914755
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, L., Sun, Q., Wang, Y., Wu, K. F., Chen, M., Shia, B. C., & Wu, S. Y. (2020). Prediction of number of cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) using social media search index. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2365. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, H. R., Vemprala, N., Akello, P., & Valecha, R. (2020). Retweets of officials’ alarming vs reassuring messages during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for crisis management. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102187. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RynekPracy.org. (2020). Stopa bezrobocia młodych. https://rynekpracy.org/statystyki/stopa-bezrobocia-mlodych
   Google Scholar
• Segal, R. D. (1996). The early adult life structure of urban black men. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Africa. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43175325.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Skivko, M., Korneeva, E., & Kolmykova, M. (2020). Digital minimalism as a leading limitation of media communications in the Heyday of digital culture. In Proceedings of the 6th international conference on social, economic, and academic leadership (ICSEAL-6-2019)(pp. 61–67). Prague: Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200526.010.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Poland. (2018). Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland territorial divison in 2018. As of December, 31.
   Google Scholar
• Statista Research Department. (2019). Share of individuals in Poland participating in social networks from 2011 to 2018. https://www.statista.com/statistics/384447/social-network-penetration-in-poland/
   Google Scholar
• Syvertsen, T., & Enli, G. (2020). Digital detox: Media resistance and the promise of authenticity. Convergence, 26(5–6), 1269–1283. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856519847325
   Google Scholar
• TEP. (2020). Kryzys na rynku pracy dotyka przede wszystkim osoby młode (53/2020). https://tep.org.pl/kryzys-na-rynku-pracy-dotyka-przede-wszystkim-osoby-mlode
   Google Scholar
• Treré, E., Natale, S., Keightley, E., & Punathambekar, A. (2020). The limits and boundaries of digital disconnection. Media, Culture & Society, 42(4), 605–609. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720922054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, P. (2015). The psychology of the internet. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wiederhold, B. K. (2020). Using social media to our advantage: Alleviating anxiety during a pandemic. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 23(4), 197–198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.29180.bkw
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, C. W., Tsai, A., Jonas, J. B., Ohno-Matsui, K., Chen, J., Ang, M., & Ting, D. S. W. (2021). Digital screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic: Risk for a further myopia boom? American Journal of Ophthalmology, 223, 333–337. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2020.07.034
   Google Scholar
• Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M. W., Gill, H., Phan, L., Chen-Li, D., Iacobucci, M., Ho, R., Majeed, A., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population A systematic review. In Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 55–64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar