Determination of the level of hexavalent, trivalent, and total chromium in the discharged effluent of Bahir Dar tannery using ICP-OES and UV–Visible spectrometry

References

• Abdel-Shafy, H. I., Hegemann, W., & Genschow, E. (1995). Fate of heavy metals in the leather tanning industrial wastewater using anaerobic process. Journal of Environmental Management and Health, 6(2), 28–33.
   Google Scholar
• Abraha, G., Gebrekidan, G., & Afework, M. (2009). Environmental impacts of Sheba Tannery (Ethiopia) effluents on the surrounding water bodies. Bulletin of Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 23(2), 269–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Addis, M. (2006). Determination of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) in the tannery effluents of Awash and Addis Ababa leather industries (M.Sc. Thesis). Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
   Google Scholar
• Akcay, H., Oguz, A., & Karapire, C. (2003). Study of heavy metal pollution and speciation in Buyak Menderes and Gediz river sediments. Water Research, 37(4), 813–822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awotoye, O. O., Adewole, M. B., Salami, A. O., & Ohiembor, M. O. (2009). Arbuscular mycorrhiza contribution to the growth performance and heavy metal uptake of Helianthus annuus LINN in pot culture. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 3(6), 157–163.
   Google Scholar
• Balogh, I. S., Maga, I. M., Hargitai-Toth, A., & Andruch, V. (2000). Spectrophotometric study of the complexation and extraction of chromium (VI) with cyanine dyes. Talanta, 53(3), 543–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barceloux, D. G. (1999). Chromium. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology, 37, 173–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callahan, M. A., Slimak, M. W., Bagel, N., & Grevatt, P. C. (1979). Water-related environmental fate of 129 priority pollutants, vol. II. U.S. EPA, office of water planning and standards, office of water and waste management. Washington, DC. EPA/440/4-79-029.
   Google Scholar
• Dayananda, B. P., & Revanasiddappa, H. D. (2007). Spectrophotometric determination of chromium by oxidation of prochlorperazine dimaleate. Oxidation Communications, 30(1), 197–205.
   Google Scholar
• Dhungana, T. P., & Yadav, P. N. (2009). Determination of chromium in tannery effluent and study of adsorption of Cr(VI) on sawdust and charcoal from sugarcane bagasses. Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, 23, 93–101.
   Google Scholar
• Ducros, V. (1992). Chromium metabolism. A literature review. Biological Trace Element Research, 32, 65–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EEPA. (2003). Standards for industrial pollution control in Ethiopia, Part Three: Standards for Industrial effluents. ESIS project - US/ETH/99/068/ETHIOPIA, EPA/UNIDO, Addis Ababa, 46p.
   Google Scholar
• EPA. (1984). Health assessment document for chromium. Environmental criteria and assessment office, research triangle park, NC. p1. EPA/600/8-83-014F. NTIS PB 85-115905 Available from National Technical Information Service: Springfield, VA.
   Google Scholar
• Esmaeili, A., Nia, M., & Vazirineja, R. (2005). Chromium (III) removal and recovery from tannery wastewater by precipitation process. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2(10), 1471–1473. doi:10.3844/ajassp.2005.1471.1473
   Google Scholar
• Fabiyi, F. A. S., & Donnio, A. Z. (2007). Use of variamine blue as a chromogenic reagent for rapid spectrophotometric determination of nano amount of chromium. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 37(10), 809–812.
   Google Scholar
• Hossain, M. A., Kumita, M., Michigami, Y., Islam, T. S., & Mori, S. (2005). Rapid speciation analysis of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 43(2), 98–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hua, L., Chan, Y. C., Wu, Y. P., & Wu, B. Y. (2009). The determination of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) in electronic and electrical components and products to comply with RoHS regulations. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163, 1360–1368. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakov, B. (2005). Costs of tannery waste treatment. 15th Session of the UNIDO Leather and Leather Products Industry Panel, Leon, Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Krejpcio, Z. (2001). Essentiality of chromium for human nutrition and health. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 10(6), 399–404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, W., Tai, C., & Gu, X. (2001). Spectrophotometric determination of chromium(VI) with Cr(VI)-o-Cl-PF–TDPC ternary complex after preconcentration on an organic solvent-soluble membrane filter. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 81, 127–135. doi:10.1080/03067310108044350
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quevauviller, P., Marrier, E. A., & Griepink, B. (1995). Quality assurance for environmental analysis. Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, 17, 1–25.
   Google Scholar
• Revanasiddappa, H. D., & Kiran Kumar, T. N. (2002). Rapid spectrophotometric determination of chromium with trifluoperazine hydrochloride. Chemical Analysis (Warsaw), 47, 311–313.
   Google Scholar
• Revanasiddappa, H. D., & Kiran Kumar, T. N. (2003). Highly sensitive spectrophotometric determination of chromium using leuco xylene cyanol FF. Talanta, 60, 1–8. doi:10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00567-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricardo, S., Manuel, C. C., Maria Ines, C. M., Sergio de Souza, H. J., Fernanda, V. M. P., Lılian, I. D. S., … Ricardo, E. S. (2009). Simultaneous speciation of chromium by spectrophotometry and multicomponent analysis. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 21(3), 153–160. doi:10.3184/095422909X466095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satyajit, R., & Sukalyan, D. (2012) Assessment of water quality around mine sites. (Thesis). Department of mining engineering, National institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
   Google Scholar
• Shriver, D. F., Atkins, P. W., & Langford, C. H. (1994). Inorganic chemistry (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Siraj, S., Islam, M., Das, P. C., Masum, S., Jahan, I. A., Ahsan, A., & Shajahan, M. D. (2012). Removal of chromium from tannery effluent using chitosan-charcoal composite. Journal of the Bangladish Chemical Society, 25(1), 53–61.
   Google Scholar
• Telepcakova, M., Andruch, V., & Balogh, I. S. (2005). Indirect extraction-spectrophotometric determination of chromium. Chemical Papers, 59(2), 109–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsunenobu, S., Shiro, G., Hideo, Y., & Yasuharu, N. (1977). Spectrophotometric determination of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) in sea water. Bulletin of the Institute of Chemical Research, Kyoto University, 55(5), 429–440.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (1996). Chromium in drinking-water. Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Zaitoun, M. A. (2005). Spectrophotometric determination of chromium (VI) using cyclam as a reagent. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 85, 399–407. doi:10.1080/03067310500075913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H. (2000). Light and Iron(III)-induced oxidation of chromium(III) in the presence of organic acids and manganese(II) in simulated atmospheric water. Atmospheric Environment, 34(10), 1633–1640. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00384-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., & Li, X. (1987). Chromium pollution of soil and water in Jinzhou. Journal of Chines Preventive Medicine, 21, 262–264.
   Google Scholar