References
- Alpert, M. A., Lambert, C. R., Panayiotou, H., Terry, B. E., Cohen, M. V., Massey, C. V., Hashimi, M. W., & Mukerji, V. A. (1995). Relation of duration of morbid obesity to left ventricular mass, systolic function, and diastolic filling, and effect of weight loss. Am J Cardiol, 76(16), 1194–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80338-5
- Alpert, M. A., Terry, B. E., & Mulekar, M. (1997). Cardiac morphology and left ventricular function in normotensive morbidly obese patients with and without congestive heart failure, and effect of weight loss. The American Journal of Cardiology, 80(6), 736–740. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00505-5
- Artham, S. M., Lavie, C. J., Milani, R. V., & Ventura, H. O. (2008). The obesity paradox: Impact of obesity on the prevalence and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Postgraduate Medicine, 120(2), 34–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2008.07.1788
- Baran, M., Celikkalkan, K., Cagan Appak, Y., Karakoyun, M., Bozkurt, M., Kocyigit, C., … Dundar, B. N. (2019). Body fat mass is better indicator than indirect measurement methods in obese children for fatty liver and metabolic syndrome. SciMedicine Journal, 1(4), 168–175. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2019-0104-2
- Caprio, S., Daniels, S. R., Drewnowski, A., Kaufman, F. R., Palinkas, L. A., Rosenbloom, A. L., & Schwimmer, J. B. (2008). Influence of race, ethnicity, and culture on childhood obesity: Implications for prevention and treatment: A consensus statement of shaping America’s health and the obesity society. Diabetes Care, 31(11), 2211–2221. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-9024
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). National health and nutrition examination survey. //www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.b). Overweight and Obesity https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/e373182004-001
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Division of nutrition and physical activity. research to practices series no 3: Does drinking beverages with added sugars increase the risk of overweight?. https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/nutrition/pdf/r2p_sweetend_beverages.pdf
- Davis, F. G., Peterson, C. E., Bandiera, F., Carter-Pokras, O., & Brownson, R. C. (2012). How do we more effectively move epidemiology into policy action? Annals of Epidemiology, 22(6), 413–416. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.04.004
- Din-Dzietham, R., Liu, Y., Bielo, M. V., & Shamsa, F. (2007). High blood pressure trends in children and adolescents in national surveys, 1963 to 2002. Circulation, 116(13), 1488–1496. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.106.683243
- Finkelstein, E. A., Trogdon, J. G., Cohen, J. W., & Dietz, W.2009.Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: Payer-and service-specific estimates.Health Affairs, 28(Suppl. 1). https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.5.w822.
- Flegal, K. M. (2010). Prevalence and trends in obesity among US Adults, 1999-2008. JAMA, 303(3), 235. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.2014
- Jamil, G., Jamil, M., & Alkhazraji, H. (2013). Risk factor assessment of young patients with acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease, 3(3), 170–174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/9781420019667-24
- Kang, H. (2013). The prevention and handling of the missing data. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 64(5), 402–406. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2013.64.5.402.
- Kenchaiah, S., Evans, J. C., & Levy, D. (2002). “Obesity and the risk of heart failure,”. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(5), 305–313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa020245
- Lavie, C. J., Milani, R. V., Patel, D., Artham, S. M., & Ventura, H. O. (2009). Disparate effects of obesity and left ventricular geometry on mortality in 8088 elderly patients with preserved systolic function. Postgrad Med, 121(3), 119–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2009.05.2011
- MacMahon, S., Collins, G., Rautaharju, P., Cutler, J., Neaton, J., Prineas, R., … Stamler, J. (1989). Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and effects of antihypertensive drug therapy in hypertensive participants in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. The American Journal of Cardiology, 63(3), 202–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(89)90286-5
- Madala, M. C., Franklin, B. A., & Chen, A. Y. (2008). Obesity and age of first non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 52(12), 979–985. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.04.067
- Masters, R. K., Reither, E. N., Powers, D. A., Yang, Y. C., Burger, A. E., & Link, B. G. (2013). The Impact of Obesity on US Mortality Levels: The Importance of Age and Cohort Factors in Population Estimates.
- McGill, H. C., McMahan, C. A., & Herderick, E. E. (2002). Obesity accelerates the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in young men. Circulation, 105(23), 2712–2718. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000018121.67607.ce
- Monego, E. T., & Jardim, P. C. (2006). Determinantes de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em escolares [Determinants of risk of cardiovascular diseases in schoolchildren]. Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia, 87(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2006001400006
- Ng, M., Fleming, T., Robinson, M., Thomson, B., Graetz, N., Margono, C., Mullany, E. C., Biryukov, S., Abbafati, C., Abera, S. F., Abraham, J. P., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Achoki, T., AlBuhairan, F. S., Alemu, Z. A., Alfonso, R., Ali, M. K., Ali, R., Guzman, N. A., Ammar, W., & Gakidou, E. (2014). Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013. Lancet (London, England), 384(9945), 766–781. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8
- Nicoleau, S., & Wojciak-Stothard., B. (2020). Beyond thrombosis: The role of platelets in pulmonary hypertension. SciMedicine Journal, 2(4), 243–271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.28991/SciMedJ-2020-0204-7
- Oreopoulos, A., Padwal, R., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Fonarow, G. C., Norris, M. C., & McAlister, F. A. (2008). Body mass index and mortality in heart failure: A meta-analysis. American Heart Journal, 156(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2008.02.014
- Russo, C., Sera, F., & Jin, Z. (2016). Abdominal adiposity, general obesity, and subclinical systolic dysfunction in the elderly: A population-based cohort study. European Journal of Heart Failure, 18(5), 537–544. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.521
- Ryan, K. M., Reither, E. N., Powers, D. A., Claire Yang, Y., Burger, Bruce, A. E., & Link, G. (2013).October 1, 2013 The impact of obesity on US mortality levels: The importance of age and cohort factors in Population estimates. American Journal of Public Health 103(10), 1895–1901. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301379
- Schmieder, R. E., & Messerli, F. H. (1993). Does obesity influence early target organ damage in hypertensive patients? Circulation, 87(5), 1482–1488. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.87.5.1482
- Souza, L. G., Jardim, T. V., Rezende, A. C., Sousa, A., Moreira, H. G., Perillo, N. B., De Souza, S. G., De Souza, W., Araújo, Y., Do Rosário Gondim Peixoto, M., & Jardim, P. (2018). Predictors of overweight/obesity in a Brazilian cohort after 13 years of follow-up. Nutrition Journal, 17(1), 10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-018-0320-7
- Sturm, R., & Well, K. B. (2001). Does obesity contribute as much to morbidity as poverty or smoking? Public Health, 115(3), 229–235. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(01)00449-8
- Trogdon, J. G., Finkelstein, E. A., Hylands, T., Dellea, P. S., & Kamal-Bahl. (2008). Indirect costs of obesity: A review of the current literature. Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 9(5), 489–500. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789x.2008.00472.x
- Tsutamoto, T., Hisanaga, T., & Wada, A. (1998). Interleukin-6 spillover in the peripheral circulation increases with the severity of heart failure, and the high plasma level of interleukin-6 is an important prognostic predictor in patients with congestive heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 31(2), 391–398. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00494-4
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (n.d.a). Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the Earned Income Tax Credit. (n.d.). Poverty in the United States. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137476630.0011
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (n.d.b). America’s healthy food financing initiative. Reinvestment Fund. https://www.investinginfood.com
- Visscher, T. L., & Seidell, J. C. (2001). The public health impact of obesity. Annual Review of Public Health, 22(1), 355–375. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.355
- Williams, D. R., Priest, N., & Anderson, N. B. (2016). Understanding associations among race, socioeconomic status, and health: Patterns and prospects. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 35(4), 407–411. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000242
- Yu, Y. (2016). Four decades of obesity trends among non-hispanic whites and blacks in the united states: Analyzing the influences of educational inequalities in obesity and population improvements in education. PloS One, 11(11), e0167193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167193
- Zafrir, B., Salman, N., Crespo-Leiro, M. G., Anker, S. D., Coats, A. J., & Ferrari, R. (2016). Body surface area as a prognostic marker in chronic heart failure patients: Results from the heart failure registry of the heart failure association of the European society of Cardiology. European Journal of Heart Failure, 18(7), 859–868. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.551