An Examination of Some Central Debates on Sex Trafficking in Research and Public Policy in the United States

REFERENCES

• Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act. (2012). 325 ILCS 5.
   Google Scholar
• Agustin, L. (2007). Sex at the margins: Migration, labour markets and the rescue industry. London, England: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• An Act Extending Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Requirements to Specified Employees of Institutions of Higher Education. (2012). S.B. 5991 (Washington).
   Google Scholar
• An Act Related to Child Abuse Reporting. (2012). A.B. 1434 (California).
   Google Scholar
• An Act Relative to Harm of a Child. (2012). H.B. 4016 (Oregon).
   Google Scholar
• An Act Relative to the Commercial Exploitation of People. (2011). Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 265, §49.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, C. N. (2012). The influence of international human trafficking on United States prostitution laws: The case of expungement laws. Syracuse Law Review, 62, 171–182.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, C. N. (2013). Moving beyond “slavers, sinners, and saviors”: An intersectional feminist analysis of U.S. sex trafficking discourses, law and policy. Journal of Feminist Scholarship, 4. Retrieved from http://www.jfsonline.org/issue4/pdfs/baker.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Baker, C. N. (2014). An intersectional analysis of sex trafficking films. Merdians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism, 12(1), 208–226.
   Google Scholar
• Barker, D., & Feiner, S. (2004). Liberating economics: Feminist perspectives on families, work and globalization. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein, E. (2007). The sexual politics of the “new abolitionism.” Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 18(3), 129–151.
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein, E. (2010). Militarized humanitarianism meets carceral feminism: The politics of sex, rights, and freedom in contemporary antitrafficking campaigns. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 36(1), 45–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bindman, J. (1997). Redefining prostitution as sex work on the international agenda. New York, NY: Network of Sex Work Projects.
   Google Scholar
• Bronstein, C. (2011). Battling pornography: The American feminist anti-pornography movement, 1976–1986. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bumiller, K. (2008). In an abusive state: How neoliberalism appropriated the feminist movement against sexual violence. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bush, G. W. (2002, December 16). National security Presidential directive/NSPD-22. Combatting trafficking in persons. Retrieved from http://www.combat-trafficking.army.mil/documents/policy/NSPD-22.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Center for Health and Gender Equity. (2008). Implications of U.S. policy restrictions for programs aimed at commercial sex workers. Takoma Park, MD: Center for Health and Gender Equity.
   Google Scholar
• Chapkis, W. (2003). Trafficking, migration and the law: Protecting innocents, punishing immigrants. Gender and Society, 17(6), 923–937.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cizmar, M., Conklin, E., & Hinman, K. (2011, June 29). Real men get their facts straight: Ashton and Demi and sex trafficking. Village Voice. Retrieved from http://www.villagevoice.com/2011-06-29/news/real-men-get-their-facts-straight-sex-trafficking-ashton-kutcher-demi-moore/4/
   Google Scholar
• Curtis, R., Terry, K., Dank, M., Dombrowski, K., & Khan, B. (2008). The commercial sexual exploitation of children in New York City. New York, NY: Center for Court Innovation and John Jay College.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, J. O. (2005). Children in the global sex trade. Cambridge, England: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, J. O. (2010). New slavery, old binaries: Human trafficking and the borders of “freedom.” Global Networks, 10(2), 244–261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditmore, M., & Thukral, J. (2012). Accountability and the use of raids to fight trafficking. Anti-Trafficking Review, 1, 134–148.
   Google Scholar
• Doezema, J. (2000). Loose women or lost women?: The re-emergence of the myth of “white slavery” in contemporary discourses of “trafficking in women.” Gender Issues, 18(1), 23–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doezema, J. (2001). Ouch!: Western feminists’ “wounded attachment” to the “third world prostitute.” Feminist Review, 67, 16–38.
   Google Scholar
• Duggan, L., & Hunter, N. D. (2006). Sex wars: Sexual dissent and political culture. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Enloe, C. (2007). Globalization and militarization: Feminists make the link. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Farley, M. (2006). Prostitution, trafficking and cultural amnesia: What we must not know in order to keep the business of sexual exploitation running smoothly. Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, 18(1), 109–144.
   Google Scholar
• Girls Educational and Mentoring Services. (2012). Girls Educational and Mentoring Services [Brochure]. New York, NY: Author. Retrieved from http://issuu.com/gems/docs/gems_brochure_2012/1
   Google Scholar
• Global Alliance Against Trafficking in Women (GAATW). (2007). Collateral damage: The impact of anti-trafficking measures on human rights around the world. Bangkok, Thailand: Global Alliance Against Trafficking in Women.
   Google Scholar
• Ham, J. (2011). What’s the cost of a rumor? A guide to sorting out the myths and the facts about sporting events and trafficking. Bangkok, Thailand: Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW).
   Google Scholar
• Hua, J. (2011). Trafficking women’s human rights. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hua, J., & Ray, K. (2010). The “practice of humanity”: Neoliberal constructions of domestic workers and “sex slaves.” Feminist Media Studies, 10(3), 253–267.
   Google Scholar
• Incite! Blog. (2011, April 22). “No simple solutions: State violence and the sex trade.” Retrieved from http://inciteblog.wordpress.com/2011/04/22/no-simple-solutions-state-violence-and-the-sex-trades/
   Google Scholar
• In our own backyard: Child prostitution and sex trafficking in the United States, A hearing before the United States senate judiciary subcommittee on human rights and law. 111th Cong. 14 (2010, February 24) (testimony of Rachel Lloyd). Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111shrg58003/pdf/CHRG-111shrg58003.pdf
   Google Scholar
• International Labour Organization (ILO). (2012). ILO 2012 global estimate of forced labor. Geneva, Switzerland: author.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffries, S. (2009). The industrial vagina: The political economy of the global sex trade. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jordan, A. (2012, April). The Swedish law to criminalize clients: A failed experiment in social engineering, Issue Paper 4. Washington, DC: Program on Human Trafficking and Forced Labor, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, American University Washington College of Law. Retrieved from http://rightswork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Issue-Paper-4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kempadoo, K. (2011). Introduction, from moral panic to global justice: Changing perspectives on trafficking. In K. Kempadoo, J. Sanghera, & B. Pattanaik (Eds.), Trafficking and prostitution reconsidered: New perspectives on migration, sex work, and human rights, 2nd ed. (pp. vii–xxxiv.). Boulder, CO: Paradigm.
   Google Scholar
• koyama, e. (2011a). War on terror & war on trafficking: A sex worker activist confronts the anti-trafficking movement. Portland, OR: Confluere.
   Google Scholar
• koyama, e. (2011b). Understanding the complexity of sex work/trade and trafficking. Portland, OR: Confluere.
   Google Scholar
• Landesman, P. (2004, January 25). The girls next door. New York Times Magazine, p. 30.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd, R. (2011). Girls like us: Fighting for a world where girls are not for sale, an activist finds her calling and heals herself. New York NY: Harper.
   Google Scholar
• Lopez, K. J. (2006, January 26). The new abolitionist movement: Donna Hughes on progress fighting sex trafficking. National Review Online. Retrieved from http://www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/pubtrftalks.htm
   Google Scholar
• Miriam, K. (2005). Stopping the traffic in women: Power, agency, and abolition in feminist debates over sex-trafficking. Journal of Social Philosophy, 36(1), 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Mohanty, C. T. (2006). US Empire and the project of women’s studies: Stories of citizenship, complicity and dissent. Gender, Place and Culture, 13(1), 7–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. (2012, July 12). The benefits of smart raids vs. blind sweeps. Washington, DC: United States Department of State. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/fs/2012/194723.htm
   Google Scholar
• Parreñas, R. S. (2006). Trafficked?: Filipino hostesses in Tokyo’s nightlife industry. Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, 18(1), 145–180.
   Google Scholar
• Pierce, A. (2009). Shattered hearts: The commercial sexual exploitation of American Indian women and girls in Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Indian Women’s Resource Center.
   Google Scholar
• Polaris Project. (2012). State ratings map. Retrieved from http://www.polarisproject.org/what-we-do/policy-advocacy/current-laws#state_reports
   Google Scholar
• Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the United Nations convention against transnational organized crime. (2000, November 15). 2237 U.N.T.S. 343.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, N. (2005). Anti-trafficking rhetoric and the making of a global apartheid. NWSA Journal, 17(3), 88–111.
   Google Scholar
• Soderlund, G. (2005). Running from the rescuers: New U.S. crusades against sex trafficking and the rhetoric of abolition. NWSA Journal, 17(3), 64–87.
   Google Scholar
• Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the interpretation of culture (pp. 271–313). Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Macmillan Education.
   Google Scholar
• Stransky, M., & Finkelhor, D. (2008). How many juveniles are involved in prostitution in the U.S.? Durham, NH: Crimes Against Children Research Center.
   Google Scholar
• Temin, M., Montgomery, M., Engebretsen, S., & Barker, K. (2013). Girls on the move: Adolescent girls & migration in the developing world. New York, NY: Population Council.
   Google Scholar
• Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003, Pub. L. No. 108-193. (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-164. (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2013, Pub. L. No. 113-4. (2013).
   Google Scholar
• United States Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc., 133 S. Ct. 2321 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• United States Government Accountability Office (US GAO). (2006, July). Human trafficking: Better data, strategy, and reported needed to enhance U.S. anti-trafficking efforts abroad (A report to the Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary and the Chairman, Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives) (GAO-06-825). Washington, DC: author.
   Google Scholar
• US Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Act of 2003, 22 U.S.C. § 7631. (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, Pub. L. No. 106-386. (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Weitzer, R. (2007). The social construction of sex trafficking: Ideology and institutionalization of a moral crusade. Politics & Society, 35(3), 447–475.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzer, R. (2011). Pornography’s effects: The need for solid evidence. Violence Against Women, 17(5), 666–675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008, Pub. L. No. 110-457. (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Wyler, L. S., & Siskin, A. (2010, February 18). Trafficking in persons: U.S. policy and issues for Congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
   Google Scholar
• Young Women’s Empowerment Project. (2009). Girls do what they have to do to survive: Illuminating methods used by girls in the sex trade and street economy to fight back and heal. Retrieved from https://ywepchicago.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/girls-do-what-they-have-to-do-to-survive-a-study-of-resilience-and-resistance.pdf
   Google Scholar