Global Agendas – Local Realities: Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Chinandega, Nicaragua—“A Break from Their Ordinary Life…”

References

• Acosta, P., Almeida, R., Gindling, T., & Pena, C. L. (2017). Toward more efficient and effective public social spending in Central America. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, G., (2006). Growing up poor and male in the Americas. Reflections from research and practice with young men in low-income communities in Rio de Janeiro. In I. Bunnon & M. C. Correira (Eds.), The other half of gender: Men’s issues in development (pp. 111–136). Washington, WA: The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Bazeley, P., & Richards, L. (2000). The NVivo qualitative project book. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Bullock, B. (2010). Sex traffic and trafficking in the Caribbean. In Sex trafficking: A global perspective. Eds K. McCabe & S. Manian pp 121–131. Mayland: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Carranza, M. E. (2015). Trafficking of women and children in Latin America. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the behavioral and social science-social work subsection, 2nd Ed. 24: 512–516. Stanford, CA: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Carranza, M. E., López Herrera, L. A., Parada, H., & Jiménez, I. (2013). Granada, a city under Siege: Dynamics of the commercial sexual exploitation of children as a human rights issue in Nicaragua. Journal of Global Citizenship & Equity Education, 3(1), pg–153.
   Google Scholar
• Castro Soto, O., & Escobar, R. P. (2010). Acceso a la justicia para mujeres y niños víctimas de trata. Centro de Estudios Sociales y Culturales Antonio de Montesinos, AC, con la colaboración del Instituto de Derechos Humanos Ignacio Ellacuría de la Universidad Iberoamericana de Puebla. Pueblo, Mexico: Conacyt e Inmujeres.
   Google Scholar
• Chaitin, J., & Steinberg, S. (2014). “I can almost remember it now”: Between personal and collective memories of massive social trauma. Journal of Adult Development, 21(1),30–42. doi:10.1007/s10804-013-9176-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. (2005). Grounded theory in the 21st century: Applications for advancing social justice studies. In N. Denzin & Y. S. A. Lincoln (Eds.), The handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.). (pp. 507–536). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Cromer, L. D., Gray, M. E., Vasquez, L., & Freyd, J. J. (2018). The relationship of acculturation to historical loss awareness, institutional betrayal, and the intergenerational transmission of trauma in the American Indian experience. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(1), 99–114. doi:10.1177/0022022117738749
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2005). The handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ellesberg, M. C. (2005). Sexual Violence Against Women and Girls: Recent Findings from Latin America and the Caribbean. In S. J. Jejeebhoy & S. Thapa (Eds.), Sex without consent: Young people in developing countries (pp. 49–58). New York, NY: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes. (2014). The commercial sexual exploitation of children in Latin America: Developments, progress, challenges and recommended strategies for civil society. Bangkok, Thailand: ECPAT International.
   Google Scholar
• End Prostitution, Abuse and Trafficking [ECPAT]. (2015). Researching the sexual exploitation of children: Challenges of methodologies and data collection. Bangkok, Thailand.
   Google Scholar
• Ewing, H. T. (2014). Human trafficking in Latin America: Culture and victimization Unpublished Dissertation: Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Gerassi, L. (2015). A heated debate: Theoretical perspectives of sexual exploitation and sex work. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 42(4), 79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilgun, J. F., Daly, K., & Handel, G. (1992). Qualitative methods in family research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Gone, J. P. (2013). Redressing First Nations historical trauma: Theorizing mechanisms for Indigenous culture as mental health treatment. Transcultural Psychiatry. 50(5) 683–706. doi:10.1177/1363461513487669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould, J. L. (1990). To lead as equals: Rural protest and political consciousness in Chinandega, Nicaragua, 1912-1979. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press Books.
   Google Scholar
• Heinemann, A., & Verner, D. (2006) Crime and violence in development: A literature review Of Latin America and The Caribbean. The World Bank, Washington, DC
   Google Scholar
• Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos. (2016). Anuario Estadístico. Nicaragua.
   Google Scholar
• International Labor Organization. (2014). Profits and poverty: The economics of forced labour. Geneva, Switzerland: ILO.
   Google Scholar
• International Labour Organization. (2009). The cost of coercion - Global Report on Forced Labour 2009. Geneva: ILO.
   Google Scholar
• Israel, B. A., Schultz, A. J., Parker, E. A., Becker, A. B., Allen, A. J., & Guzman, R. (2003). Critical issues in developing and following community-based participatory research principles. In M. Minkler & N. Wallerstein (Eds.), Community based participatory research for health (pp. 53–76). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• John, S. (2019). Assessing the impact of globalization on human trafficking in Rwanda. Sociology International Journal. (1):145‒152
   Google Scholar
• Kempadoo, K. (2004). Sexing the Caribbean: Gender, race, and sexual labor. London, UK: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2009). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• LaRossa, R. (2005). Grounded theory methods and qualitative family research. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 837–857. doi:10.1111/jomf.2005.67.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard, A., Miller, S. A., Christopher, R., Gleason, K., & Franklin, R. (2016). Theories in the field of community psychology. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 7(2).
   Google Scholar
• Merrill, T. Nicaragua: A Country Study. Washington, USA: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Minkler, M., & Wallerstein, N. (Eds.). (2002). Community based participatory research in health. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Moreno, N. (2009). Procuraduria paa la defensa de los derechos humanos de Nicaragua. Foro Nacional de la Explotación Sexual Comercial de niñas, niños y adolescentes. Estelí, Nicaragua: Universidad Autónoma de Nicaragua.
   Google Scholar
• Neal, J. W., & Christens, B. D. (2014). Linking the levels: Network and relational perspectives for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 53(3–4), 314–323. doi:10.1007/s10464-014-9654-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neal, Z. P., & Neal, J. W. (2017). Network Analysis in Community Psychology: Looking Back, Looking Forward. American Journal of Community Psychology, 60(1–2), 279–295. doi:10.1002/ajcp.12158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ollus, N. (2015). Regulating forced Labour and combating human trafficking: The relevance of historical definitions in a contemporary perspective. Crime, Law and Social Change 63, no. 5. Pp 221–246 doi:10.1007/s10611-015-9566-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardilla, A. (2016). Patriarchal power and gender-based violence in Guatemala and El Salvador. Global Majority E-Journal, 38, 38–51.
   Google Scholar
• Patton, M. Q. (2001). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, N., & Mieres, F. (2015). The governance of forced labour in the global economy. Globalizations, 12(2), 244–260. doi:10.1080/14747731.2014.932507
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinderhughes, H., Davis, R., & Williams, M. (2015). Adverse community experiences and resilience: A framework for addressing and preventing community trauma. Washington, DC: Centre for Victim Research.
   Google Scholar
• Protocol to Prevent. (2000, November 15). Suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children (2237 U.N.T.S. 319) [hereinafter Palermo Protocol].
   Google Scholar
• Russell, A. (2018). Human trafficking: A research synthesis on human-trafficking literature in academic journals from 2000–2014. Journal of Human Trafficking, 4(2),114–136. doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1292377
   Google Scholar
• Save the Children (2011). Diagnostico de Comunicación sobre violencia y trata de personas. Toronto, Canada: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Seelke, C. (2016). CRS report for congress: Trafficking in persons in latin America and Caribbean. Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33200.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Serrano-Berthet, R., & Lopez, H. (2011). Crime and violence in central America: A Development challenge. Washington, DC: The World Bank’s Sustainable Development Department and Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit
   Google Scholar
• Spencer, D., & Davies, J. (Eds.) (2010). Anthropological field work: A relational process. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, D., & Thompson, K. (2005). The face your fear club. Therapeutic group work with young children as a response to community Trauma in Northern Ireland. The British Journal of Social Work, 35(1): 105–124. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bch165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded theory methodology: An overview. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp.273–285). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basic qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2014). Human rights and human trafficking, Fact Sheet No. 36. New York, NY: UN.
   Google Scholar
• U.S Department of State. (2017). Trafficking in persons report. Washinghton, D.C. Retrieved from https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/
   Google Scholar
• Ungar, M. (2003). Qualitative contributions to resilience research. Qualitative Social Work 2(1), 85–102. doi:10.1177/1473325003002001123
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. (2013). Annual report 2013 – Nicaragua. Managua, Nicaragua.
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. (2015). Annual report 2015 – Nicaragua. Managua, Nicaragua.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Program. (2013). The rise of the south: Human progress in a diverse world. New York, NY: UNDP.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2015). World population prospects: The 2015 revision, Volume I: Comprehensive tables (ST/ESA/SER.A/379). New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, T. W., & Wade, C. J. (2016). Nicaragua: Emerging from the shadow of the eagle. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, S. 2009. Beyond the “Natasha” story: A review and critique of current research on sex trafficking. Global Crime. 10:178–195. doi:10.1080/17440570903079899
   Google Scholar