Differentiating universities: some insights from organization studies

References

• Abbott, Andrew. 1988. The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Auld, Doug. 2005. Selling Postsecondary Education: The Role of Private Vocational and Career Colleges. Toronto, ON: C.D. Howe Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, Jayne. 2014. “No Ivies, Oxbridge, or grandes Écoles: Constructing Distinctions in University Choice.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 35 (6): 914–932.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belanger, Charles, and Robert Davidson. 1997. “Ranking Canadian Universities: A Case of Controversy.” Tertiary Educaton & Management 3 (1): 44–51.
   Google Scholar
• Bernasconi, Andres. 2004. “External Affiliations and Diversity: Chile’s Private Universities in International Perspective.” Albany, NY. http://www.prophe.org/attachment.aspx?id=60.
   Google Scholar
• Birnbaum, Robert. 1983. Maintaining Institutional Diversity. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Borwein, Sophie. 2013. “The Great Skills Divide: A Review of the Literature.” Toronto, Ontario. http://www.heqco.ca/SiteCollectionDocuments/SkillsPart1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Brint, Steven. 2002. “The Rise of the ‘Practical Arts.’” In The Future of the City of Intellect: The Changing American University, edited by Steven Brint, 231–259. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brint, Steven, and Jerome Karabel. 1991. The Diverted Dream: Community Colleges and the Promise of Educational Opportunity in America, 1900–1985. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brint, Steven, Kristopher Proctor, Kerry Mulligan, Matthew Rotondi, and Robert Hanneman. 2012. “Declining Academic Fields in U.S. Four-Year Colleges and Universities, 1970–2006.” The Journal of Higher Education 83 (2): 582–613.
   Google Scholar
• Brint, Steven, Mark Riddle, and Robert A. Hanneman. 2006. “Reference Sets, Identities, and Aspirations in a Complex Organizational Field: The Case of American Four-Year Colleges and Universities.” Sociology of Education 79 (3): 229–252. doi:10.1177/003804070607900303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brint, Steven, Mark Riddle, Lori Turk-Bicakci, and Charles S. Levy. 2005. “From the Liberal to the Practical Arts in American Colleges and Universities: Organizational Analysis and Curricular Change.” The Journal of Higher Education 76 (2): 151–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burleton, Derek, Sonya Gulati, Connor McDonald, and Sonny Scarfone. 2013. “Jobs in Canada: Where, What and for Whom?”.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, Ian, Greg Morgan, Michael Skolnik, and David Trick. 2009. Academic Transformation: The Forces Reshaping Higher Education. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen‘s University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, Ian, Richard Van Loon, and David Trick. 2011. Academic Reform: Policy Options for Improving the Quality and Cost-Effectiveness of Undergraduate Education in Ontario. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen‘s University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coburn, Cynthia. 2001. “Collective Sensemaking About Reading: How Teachers Mediate Reading Policy in Their Professional Communities.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 23 (2): 145–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coburn, C. E. 2004. “Beyond Decoupling: Rethinking the Relationship Between the Institutional Environment and the Classroom.” Sociology of Education 77 (3): 211–244. doi:10.1177/003804070407700302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coburn, Cynthia. 2005. “The Role of Nonsystem Actors in the Relationship Between Policy and Practice: The Case of Reading Instruction in California.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 27 (1): 23–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, Robert. 1997. “Why is Classical Theory Classical?” American Journal of Sociology 102 (6): 1511–1557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker, Robert, and Alexander Usher. 2006. “Innovation and Differentiation in Canada’s Post-secondary Institutions.” Ottawa, ON.
   Google Scholar
• Cudmore, Geoffrey E. 2005. “The Post-secondary Education Choice and Excellence Act, 2000 and the Development of Private Universities and Private Post-secondary Degrees in Ontario.” Higher Education Perspectives 1 (2): 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, Scott, and Floyd M. Hammack. 2005. “The Channeling of Student Competition in Higher Education: Comparing Canada and the U.S.” The Journal of Higher Education 76 (1): 89–106. doi:10.1353/jhe.2005.0003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, Scott, Vicky Maldonado, and David Zarifa. 2014. “Effectively Maintaining Inequality in Toronto: Predicting Student Destinations in Ontario Universities.” Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie 51 (1): 22–53. doi:10.1111/cars.12032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, Scott, and Olusore A. Taylor. 2007. “A Profile of Private Post Secondary Providers in Canada.” Report for the Canadian Council of Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, Scott, and David Zarifa. 2012. “The Stratification of Universities: Structural Inequality in Canada and the United States.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 30 (2): 143–158. doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2011.05.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demerath, Peter. 2009. Producing Success: The Culture of Personal in an American High School. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Deephouse, David, and Suzanne Carter. 2005. “An Examination of Differences between Organizational Legitimacy and Organizational Reputation.” Journal of Management Studies 42 (2): 329–360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dill, David D., and Maarja Soo. 2005. “Academic Quality, League Tables, and Public Policy: A Cross-national Analysis of University Ranking Systems.” Higher Education. doi:10.1007/s10734-004-1746-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMaggio, Paul J., and Walter W. Powell. 1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48 (48): 147–160. doi:10.2307/2095101.
   Google Scholar
• DiMaggio, Paul, and Walter W. Powell. 1991. “Introduction.” In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, 1–38. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Enders, Jürgen, Harry De Boer, and Elke Weyer. 2013. “Regulatory Autonomy and Performance: The Reform of Higher Education Re-Visited.” Higher Education 65 (1): 5–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espeland, Wendy Nelson, and Michael Sauder. 2007. “Rankings and Reactivity: How Public Measures Recreate Social Worlds.” American Journal of Sociology 113 (1): 1–40. doi:10.1086/517897.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espeland, Wendy Nelson, and Mitchell L. Stevens. 1998. “Commensuration as a Social Process.” Annual Review of Sociology 24 (1): 313–343. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espeland, Wendy Nelson, and Mitchell L. Stevens. 2008. “A Sociology of Quantification.” European Journal of Sociology 49 (3): 401. doi:10.1017/S0003975609000150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallis, George. 2013. Rethinking Higher Education: Participation, Research, and Differentiation. Montreal: McGill-Queen‘s University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Frank, David John, and John W. Meyer. 2007. “University Expansion and the Knowledge Society.” Theory and Society 36 (4): 287–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freidson, Eliot. 2001. Professionalism, the Third Logic: On the Practice of Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fumasoli, Tatiana, and Jeroen Huisman. 2013. “Strategic Agency and System Diversity: Conceptualizing Institutional Positioning in Higher Education.” Minerva 51 (2): 155–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gornitzka, Åse, and Peter Maassen. 2000. “Hybrid Steering Approaches with Respect to European Higher Education.” Higher Education Policy 13 (3): 267–285.
   Google Scholar
• Guillen, Mauro F. 2002. “Structural Inertia, Imitation, and Foreign Expansion: South Korean Firms and Business Groups in China, 1987-95.” Academy of Management Journal 45 (3): 509–525. doi:10.2307/3069378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallett, T. 2010. “The Myth Incarnate: Recoupling Processes, Turmoil, and Inhabited Institutions in an Urban Elementary School.” American Sociological Review 75 (1): 52–74. doi:10.1177/0003122409357044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, Shin-Kap. 1994. “Mimetic Isomorphism and its Effect on the Audit Services Market.” Social Forces 73 (2): 637–664.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan, Michael, and John Freeman. 1977. “The Population Ecology of Organizations.” American Journal of Sociology 82 (5): 929–964.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan, Michael T., and John Freeman. 1984. “Structural Inertia and Organizational Change.” American Sociological Review 49 (2): 149–164. doi:10.2307/2095567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks, Martin, and Linda Jonker. 2016. The Differentiation of the Ontario University System: Where are We Now and Where Should We Go? Toronto, ON: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario.
   Google Scholar
• Hicks, Martin, Harvey Wingarten, Linda Jonker, and Shuping Liu. 2013. The Diversity of Ontario‘s Colleges: A Dataset to Inform the Differentiation. Toronto, ON: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario.
   Google Scholar
• Huisman, Jeroen, Lynn Meek, and Fiona Wood. 2007. “Institutional Diversity in Higher Education: A Cross-National and Longitudinal Analysis.” Higher Education Quarterly 61 (4): 563–577.
   Google Scholar
• Horta, Hugo, Jeroen Huisman, and Manuel Heitor. 2008. “Competitive Research Funding Encourage Diversity in Higher Education?” Science and Public Policy 35 (3): 146–58.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang, Hokyu, and Walter Powell. 2009. “The Rationalization of Charity: The Influences of Professionalism in the Nonprofit Sector.” Administrative Science Quarterly 54 (2): 268–298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, Jerry. 2014. In Defense of Disciplines: Interdisciplinarity and Specialization in the Research University. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Victoria. 2007. “What is Organizational Imprinting? Cultural Entrepreneurship in the Founding of the Paris Opera.” American Journal of Sociology 113 (1): 97–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, Glen, ed. 2012. Higher Education in Canada: Different Systems, Different Perspectives. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kitzrow, Martha Anne. 2003. “The Mental Health Needs of Today’s College Students: Challenges and Recommendations.” Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice 41 (1): 165–180. doi:10.2202/1949-6605.1310.
   Google Scholar
• Kraatz, Matthew S., and Edward J. Zajac. 1996. “Exploring the Limits of the New Institutionalism: The Causes and Consequences of Illegitimate Organizational Change.” American Sociological Review 61 (5): 812–836. doi:10.2307/2096455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacroix, Robert, and Louis Maheu. 2015. Leading Research Universities in a Competitive Academic World. Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lepori, Benedetto, Jeroen Huisman, and Marco Seeber. 2014. “Convergence and Differentiation Processes in Swiss Higher Education: An Empirical Analysis.” Studies in Higher Education 39 (2): 197–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, Daniel C. 2002. “Unanticipated Development: Perspectives on Private Higher Education’s Emerging Roles.” Comparative Education Review 50 (2): 217–240.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, Daniel C. 2004. “The New Institutionalism: Mismatches with Private Higher Education’s Global Growth.” Albany, NY. http://www.prophe.org/attachment.aspx?id=59.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, Daniel C. 2006. “An Introductory Global Overview: The Private Fit to Salient Higher Education Tendencies.” Albany, NY. http://www.prophe.org/attachment.aspx?id=63.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, Daniel C., and Kevin Kinser. 2005. “The For-profit Sector: U.S. Patterns and International Echoes in Higher Education.” Albany, NY. http://www.prophe.org/attachment.aspx?id=61.
   Google Scholar
• Magnusson, Jamie-Lynn. 2005. “Information and Communications Technology : Plugging Ontario Higher Education into the Knowledge Society.” Encounters on Education 6: 119–135.
   Google Scholar
• Marginson, Simon. 2007. “Global University Rankings: Implications in General and for Australia.” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 29 (2): 131–142.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, Elizabeth, and Cameron MacLaine. 2016. The Role and Value of Private Career Colleges in Canada. Ottawa: The Conference Board of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• McQuillan, Kevin. 2013. “All the Workers We Need: Debunking Canada’s Labour Shortage Fallacy.” http://policyschool.ucalgary.ca/?q=content/all-workers-we-need-debunking-canadas-labour-shortage-fallacy.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, John W., and Brian Rowan. 1977. “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony.” American Journal of Sociology 83 (2): 340. doi:10.1086/226550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, John W., and Brian Rowan. 1978. “The Structure of Educational Organizations.” In Environments and Organizations, edited by Marshall W. Meyer, 78–109. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Training, Colleges & Universities [MTCU]. 2013. “Ontario‘s Differentiation Policy Framework for Postsecondary Education.” http://www.tcu.gov.on.ca/pepg/publications/PolicyFramework_PostSec.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Mizruchi, Mark S., and Lisa C. Fein. 1999. “The Social Construction of Organizational Knowledge: A Study of the Uses of Coercive, Mimetic, and Normative Isomorphism.” Administrative Science Quarterly 44 (4): 653–683. doi:10.2307/2667051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morphew, Christopher, and Christopher Swanson. 2011. “On the Efficacy of Raising Your University‘s Rankings.” In Universities Rankings, edited by Jung Cheol Shin, Robert Toutkoushian, and Ulrich Teichler, 185–199. Netherlands: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Mullen, Ann. 2010. Degrees of Inequality: Culture, Class, and Gender in American Higher Education. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Narro Perez, Rodrigo, Shawn Murphy, and Michael Gill. 2014. “Policy Paper: Student Health and Wellness.” Toronto, Ontario. http://www.ousa.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Student-Health-and-Wellness-2014.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, Christine. 1991. “Strategic Responses to Institutional Processes.” Academy of Management Review 16 (1): 145–179. doi:10.5465/AMR.1991.4279002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver, Christine. 1992. “The Antecedents of Deinstitutionalization.” Organization Studies 13 (4): 563–588. doi:10.1177/017084069201300403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, Damon J., and Ezra W. Zuckerman. 2001. “Middle-Status Conformity: Theoretical Restatement and Empirical Demonstration in Two Markets.” American Journal of Sociology 107 (2): 379–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piché, Pierre. 2015a. “Institutional Diversity and Funding Universities in Ontario: Is there a Link?.” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 37 (1): 52–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piché, Pierre. 2015b. “Measuring Systemic and Climate Diversity in Ontario‘s University Sector.” The Canadian Journal of Higher Education 45 (4): 63–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piché, Pierre, and Glen Jones. 2016. “Institutional Diversity in Ontario‘s University Sector: A Policy Debate Analysis.” The Canadian Journal of Higher Education 46 (3): 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizarro Milian, Roger. forthcoming. “Legitimacy at the Margins: Promotional Strategies in the Canadian For-profit Sector.” Canadian Journal of Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Pizarro Milian, Roger. 2016a. “Modern Campuses, Local Connections and Unconventional Symbols: Promotional Practises in the Canadian Community College Sector.” Tertiary Education & Management 22 (3): 218–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizarro Milian, Roger. 2016b. “Rethinking Stratification in PSE: Organizationally Maintained Inequality.” McMaster University. https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/19138/2/PizarroMilian,Roger-DissertationFinalVersion.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Pizarro Milian, Roger. 2017. “What’s for Sale at Canadian Universities? A Mixed-methods Analysis of Promotional Strategies.” Higher Education Quarterly 71 (1): 53–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizarro Milian, Roger, and Cliff Davidson. 2016. “Symbolic Resources and Marketing Strategies in Ontario Higher Education: A Comparative Analysis.” Journal of Further and Higher Education, August,, 1–15. doi:10.1080/0309877X.2016.1206859.
   Google Scholar
• Pizarro Milian, Roger, Scott Davies, and David Zarifa. 2016. “Barriers to Differentiation: Applying Organization Studies to Ontario Higher Education.” Canadian Journal of Higher Education 46 (1): 19–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizarro Milian, Roger, and Martin Hicks. 2014. “Ontario Private Career Colleges: An Exploratory Analysis.” Toronto, Ontario.
   Google Scholar
• Pizarro Milian, Roger, and Linda Quirke. 2016. “Promoting Differentiation: Lessons from Organization Studies and Neighbouring Systems.” Policy report prepared for the Ministry of Training, Colleges & Universities.
   Google Scholar
• Pizarro Milian, Roger, and Linda Quirke. 2017. “Alternative Pathways to Legitimacy: Promotional Practices in the Ontario For-profit College Sector.” Journal of Marketing for Higher Education 27 (1): 77–98. doi:10.1080/08841241.2016.1212450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizarro Milian, Roger, and Jessica Rizk. 2017. “Do University Rankings Matter? A Qualitative Exploration of Institutional Selection at Three Southern Ontario Universities.” Journal of Further and Higher Education July, 1–13. doi:10.1080/0309877X.2017.1349889.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pringle, James, and Jeroen Huisman. 2011. “Understanding Universities in Ontario, Canada: An Industry Analysis using Porter‘s Five Forces Framework.” The Canadian Journal of Higher Education 41 (3): 36–58.
   Google Scholar
• Quirke, Linda. 2013. “Rogue Resistance: Sidestepping Isomorphic Pressures in a Patchy Institutional Field.” Organization Studies 34 (11): 1675–1699. doi:10.1177/0170840613483815.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rae, Bob. 2005. Ontario: A Leader in Learning. Toronto, ON: Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities. http://www.ontla.on.ca/library/repository/mon/10000/250004.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ruef, Martin. 1997. “Assessing Organizational Fitness on a Dynamic Landscape: An Empirical Test of the Relative Inertia Thesis.” Strategic Management Journal 18 (11): 837. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199712)18:11<837::AID-SMJ917>3.0.CO;2-B853>.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauder, Michael, and Wendy N. Espeland. 2006. “Strength in Numbers-the Advantages of Multiple Rankings.” Indiana Law Journal 81 (1): 205–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauder, Michael, and Ryon Lancaster. 2006. “Do Rankings Matter? The Effects of US News & World Report Rankings on the Admissions Process of Law Schools.” Law & Society Review 40 (1): 105–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauder, Michael, and Wendy Nelson Espeland. 2009. “The Discipline of Rankings: Tight Coupling and Organizational Change.” American Sociological Review 74 (1): 63–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenherr, Jordan, and Bryn Williams-Jones. 2016. “Early Contributions to the Evolution of the Canadian Scientific Integrity System: Institutional and Governmental Interaction in the Policy Diffusion Process.” The Canadian Journal of Higher Education 46 (1): 57–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, Richard. 2008. “Lords of the Dance: Professionals as Institutional Agents.” Organization Studies 29 (2): 219–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, Richard. 2015. “Higher Education in America: Multiple Fields Perspective.” In Remaking College: The Changing Ecology of Higher Education, edited by Michael Kirst and Mitchell Stevens, 19–38. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Selznick, Philip. 1996. “Institutionalism “Old” and “New”.” Administrative Science Quarterly 41 (2): 270–277.
   Google Scholar
• Shanahan, Theresa, and Glen Jones. 2007. “Shifting Roles and Approaches: Government Coordination of Post-Secondary Education in Canada, 1995–2006.” Higher Education Research & Development 26 (1): 31–43.
   Google Scholar
• Skolnik, Michael. 2010. “A Look Back at the Decision on the Transfer Function at the Founding of Ontario‘s Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology.” The Canadian Journal of Higher Education 40 (2): 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Skolnik, Michael L. 2013. “An Historical Perspective on the Idea of Institutional Diversity and Differentiation in Ontario Higher Education.” The College Quarterly 16 (2). http://www.collegequarterly.ca/2013-vol16-num01-winter/huang-capps.html.
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, Mitchell. 2009. Creating a Class. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stuckey, James, Cameron McLaine, and Daniel Munro. 2014. Skills – Where are We Today? The State of Skills and PSE in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Conference Board of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Stuckey, James, and Daniel Munro. 2013. The Need to Make Skills: Work the Cost of Ontario‘s Skills Gap. Ottawa, ON: Conference Board of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Teichler, Ulrich. 2008. “Diversification? Trends and Explanations of the Shape and Size of Higher Education.” Higher Education 56 (3): 349–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuori, Johanna. 2016. “Towards Strategic Actorhood? The Execution of Institutional Positioning Strategies at Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences.” Higher Education Quarterly 70 (4): 400–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weick, Karl E. 1976. “Educational Organizations as Loosely Coupled Systems.” Administrative Science Quarterly 21 (1): 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weick, Karl E. 1995. The Nature of Sensemaking: Sensemaking in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Weingarten, Harvey, and Fiona Deller. 2010. The Benefits of Greater Differentiation of Ontario‘s University Sector. Toronto, ON: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario.
   Google Scholar
• Weingarten, Harvey, Martin Hicks, Linda Jonker, and Shuping Liu. 2013. The Diversity of Ontario‘s Universities: A Dataset to Inform the Differentiation Discussion. Toronto, ON: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario.
   Google Scholar
• Weingarten, Harvey, Amy Kaufman, Linda Jonkers, and Martin Hicks. 2017. “College Sustainability: Signal Data.” Toronto, ON. http://www.heqco.ca/SiteCollectionDocuments/FormattedCollegeSustainabilityNEW%282%29.pdf.
   Google Scholar