Alpha-2-adrenergic agonists reduce resting energy expenditure in humans during external cooling

References

• Ruf T, Geiser F. Daily torpor and hibernation in birds and mammals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2015;90(3):891–926. doi: 10.1111/brv.12137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tøien Ø, Blake J, Edgar DM, et al. Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature. Science. 2011;331(6019):906–909. doi: 10.1126/science.1199435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiser F, Kenagy GJ. Torpor duration in relation to temperature and metabolism in hibernating ground squirrels. Physiol Zool. 1988;61(5):442–449. doi: 10.1086/physzool.61.5.30161266.
   Google Scholar
• Davis DE. Hibernation and circannual rhythms of food consumption in marmots and ground squirrels. Q Rev Biol. 1976;51(4):477–514. doi: 10.1086/409594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholander PF, Hock R, Walters V, et al. Heat regulation in some arctic and tropical mammals and birds. Biol Bull. 1950;99(2):237–258. doi: 10.2307/1538741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanovsky AA. The thermoregulation system and how it works. Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;156:3–43. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63912-7.00001-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Geiser F. Metabolic rate and body temperature reduction during hibernation and daily torpor. Annu Rev Physiol. 2004;66(1):239–274. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.115105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCullough JN, Zhang N, Reich DL, et al. Cerebral metabolic suppression during hypothermic circulatory arrest in humans. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67(6):1895–1899. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(99)00441-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abjigitova D, Notenboom ML, Veen KM, et al. Optimal temperature management in aortic arch surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Card Surg. 2022;37:5379–5387. doi: 10.1111/jocs.17206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regan MD, Flynn-Evans EE, Griko YV, et al. Shallow metabolic depression and human spaceflight: a feasible first step. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2020;128(3):637–647. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00725.2019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villablanca PA, Rao G, Briceno DF, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia in ST elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials. Heart. 2016;102(9):712–719. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuczynski AM, Marzoughi S, Al Sultan AS, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020;20(5):13. doi: 10.1007/s11910-020-01029-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petitjeans F, Leroy S, Pichot C, et al. Hypothesis: fever control, a niche for alpha-2 agonists in the setting of septic shock and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome? Temperature. 2018;5(3):3, 224–256. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2018.1453771
   Google Scholar
• Callaway CW, Elmer J, Guyette FX, et al. Dexmedetomidine reduces shivering during mild hypothermia in waking subjects. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(8):e0129709. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rittenberger JC, Flickinger KL, Weissman A, et al. Cooling to facilitate metabolic suppression in healthy individuals. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019;90(5):475–479. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.5284.2019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rittenberger JC, Weissman A, Flickinger KL, et al. Glycopyrrolate does not ameliorate hypothermia associated bradycardia in healthy individuals: a randomized crossover trial. Resuscitation. 2021;164:79–83. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.05.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flickinger KL, Weissman A, Jonathan Elmer J, et al. Metabolic manipulation and therapeutic hypothermia. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag. 2023;14(1):46–51. In press. doi: 10.1089/ther.2023.0010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharf MT. Reliability and efficacy of the epworth sleepiness scale: is there still a place for it? Nat Sci Sleep. 2022;14:2151–2156. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S340950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 8th ed. Baltimore, MD: Walters-Kluwer, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Massy-Westropp NM, Gill TK, Taylor AW, et al. Hand grip strength: age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study. BMC Res Notes. 2011 Apr 14;4(1):127. PMID: 21492469; PMCID: PMC3101655.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, et al. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51(2):241–247. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/51.2.241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir JB. New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. J Physiol. 1949;109(1–2):1–9. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1949.sp004363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raval NY, Squara P, Cleman M, et al. Multicenter evaluation of noninvasive cardiac output measurement by bioreactance technique. J Clin Monit Comput. 2008;22(2):113–119. doi: 10.1007/s10877-008-9112-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rich JD, Archer SL, Rich S. Noninvasive cardiac output measurements in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2013;42(1):125–133. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00102212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badjatia N, Strongilis E, Gordon E, et al. Metabolic impact of shivering during therapeutic temperature modulation: the bedside shivering assessment scale. Stroke. 2008;39(12):3242–3247. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.523654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birabaharan J, RE W 3rd, Nolin TD, et al. Simultaneous detection of a panel of nine sedatives and metabolites in plasma from critically ill pediatric patients via UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2022;218:114853. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guidance for Industry – Bioanalytical Method Validation, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2018 May [cited February 22, 2023]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidances/ucm070107.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ruddick-Collins LC, Flanagan A, Johnston JD, et al. Circadian rhythms in resting metabolic rate account for apparent daily rhythms in the thermic effect of food. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(2):e708–e715. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zitting KM, Vujovic N, Yuan RK, et al. Human resting energy expenditure varies with circadian phase. Curr Biol. 2018;28(22):3685–3690.e3.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenhardt R, Orhan-Sungur M, Komatsu R, et al. Suppression of shivering during hypothermia using a novel drug combination in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 2009;111(1):110–115. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a979a3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talke P, Tayefeh F, Sessler DI, et al. Dexmedetomidine does not alter the sweating threshold, but comparably and linearly decreases the vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesthesiology. 1997;87(4):835–841. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199710000-00017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dollery CT, Davies DS, Draffan GH, et al. Clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of clonidine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1976;19(1):11–17. doi: 10.1002/cpt197619111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi H, Nishikawa T, Mizutani T, et al. Oral clonidine premedication decreases energy expenditure in human volunteers. Can J Anaesth. 1997;44(3):268–272. doi: 10.1007/BF03015364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hostler D, Northington WE, Callaway CW. High-dose diazepam facilitates core cooling during cold saline infusion in healthy volunteers. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009;34(4):582–586. doi: 10.1139/H09-011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acosta FM, Martinez-Tellez B, Sanchez-Delgado G, et al. Physiological responses to acute cold exposure in young lean men. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(5):e0196543. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi Y, Lenhardt R, Sessler DI, et al. The effect of altering skin-surface cooling speeds on vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesth Analg. 2011;113(3):540–544. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182273b19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebert TJ, Hall JE, Barney JA, et al. The effects of increasing plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine in humans. Anesthesiology. 2000;93(2):382–394. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200008000-00016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belleville JP, Ward DS, Bloor BC, et al. Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in humans. I. Sedation, ventilation, and metabolic rate. Anesthesiology. 1992 Dec;77(6):1125–1133. 10.1097/00000542-199212000-00013 PMID: 1361310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu YW, Cortinez LI, Robertson KM, et al. Dexmedetomidine pharmacodynamics: part I: crossover comparison of the respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 2004;101(5):1066–1076. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200411000-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venn RM, Hell J, Grounds RM. Respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine in the surgical patient requiring intensive care. Crit Care. 2000;4(5):302–308. doi: 10.1186/cc712
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodenius Å, Ebberyd A, Hårdemark Cedborg A, et al. Sedation with Dexmedetomidine or Propofol impairs hypoxic control of breathing in healthy male volunteers: a nonblinded, randomized crossover study. Anesthesiology. 2016;125(4):700–715. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snapir A, Posti J, Kentala E, et al. Effects of low and high plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine on myocardial perfusion and cardiac function in healthy male subjects. Anesthesiology. 2006;105(5):902–910. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200611000-00010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iirola T, Vilo S, Manner T, et al. Bioavailability of dexmedetomidine after intranasal administration. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;67(8):825–831. doi: 10.1007/s00228-011-1002-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weerink MAS, Struys MMRF, Hannivoort LN, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2017;56(8):893–913. doi: 10.1007/s40262-017-0507-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong J, Gao J, Pang Y, et al. Dexmedetomidine premedication increases preoperative sedation and inhibits stress induced by tracheal intubation in adult: a prospective randomized double-blind clinical study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2022;22(1):398. doi: 10.1186/s12871-022-01930-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preskorn SH, Zeller S, Citrome L, et al. Effect of sublingual dexmedetomidine vs Placebo on acute agitation associated with bipolar disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;327(8):727–736. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.0799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henney, Runyan JD, Henney HR, et al. A clinically relevant review of tizanidine hydrochloride dose relationships to pharmacokinetics, drug safety and effectiveness in healthy subjects and patients. Int J Clin Pract. 2008;62(2):314–324. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01660.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puspitasari A, Squarcio F, Quartieri M, et al. Synthetic torpor protects rats from exposure to accelerated heavy ions. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):16405. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20382-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmer J, Callaway CW. Temperature control after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2023;189:109882. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ter Minassian A, Beydon L, Decq P, et al. Changes in cerebral hemodynamics after a single dose of clonidine in severely head-injured patients. Anesth Analg. 1997;84(1):127–132. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199701000-00024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proudman RGW, Akinaga J, Baker JG. The signaling and selectivity of α-adrenoceptor agonists for the human α2A, α2B and α2C-adrenoceptors and comparison with human α1 and β-adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2022;10(5):e01003. doi: 10.1002/prp2.1003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proudman RGW, Baker JG. The selectivity of α-adrenoceptor agonists for the human α1A, α1B, and α1D-adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2021;9(4):e00799. PMID: 34355529. doi: 10.1002/prp2.799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilsbach R, Hein L. Are the pharmacology and physiology of α 2 adrenoceptors determined by α 2 -heteroreceptors and autoreceptors respectively? Br J Pharmacol. 2012;165(1):90–102. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01533.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilsbach R, Röser C, Beetz N, et al. Genetic dissection of α 2 -aDRENOCEPTOR FUNCTIONS IN ADRENERGIC VERSUS NONADRENERGIC CELls. Mol Pharmacol. 2009;75(5):1160–1170. doi: 10.1124/mol.109.054544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson LE, Lu J, Guo T, et al. The α2-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine converges on an endogenous sleep-promoting pathway to exert its sedative effects. Anesthesiology. 2003;98(2):428–436. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200302000-00024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar VM, Vetrivelan R, Mallick HN. Noradrenergic afferents and receptors in the medial preoptic area: neuroanatomical and neurochemical links between the regulation of sleep and body temperature. Neurochem Int. 2007;50(6):783–790. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazzola C, Magner T, Lisle AT, et al. Effects of α-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on metabolic rate in cattle. Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol. 1995;111(1):73–77. doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(95)98522-i
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miettinen TJ, Kanto JH, Salonen MA, et al. The sedative and sympatholytic effects of oral tizanidine in healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg. 1996;82(4):817–820. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199604000-00024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaak EE, van Baak MA, Kempen KP, et al. Role of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in sympathetically mediated thermogenesis. Am J Physiol. 1993;264(1):E11–E17. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.1.E11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malanga G, Reiter RD, Garay E. Update on tizanidine for muscle spasticity and emerging indications. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008;9(12):2209–2215. doi: 10.1517/14656566.9.12.2209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda M, Sekiguchi Y, Sato N, et al. Involvement of imidazoline receptors in the centrally acting muscle-relaxant effects of tizanidine. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;445(3):187–193. doi: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01664-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kino Y, Tanabe M, Honda M, et al. Involvement of supraspinal imidazoline receptors and descending monoaminergic pathways in tizanidine-induced inhibition of rat spinal reflexes. J Pharmacol Sci. 2005;99:52–60. doi: 10.1254/jphs.fp0050520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manthous CA, Hall JB, Olson D, et al. Effect of cooling on oxygen consumption in febrile critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151(1):10–14. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.151.1.7812538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar