Hydrochemical characterisation of a landslide prone area, South Western Ghats, India

References

• Achu, A. L., Thomas, J., & Reghunath, R. (2020). Multi-criteria decision analysis for delineation of groundwater potential zones in a tropical river basin using remote sensing, GIS and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 10, 100365. doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100365
   Google Scholar
• Adimalla, N., Li, P., & Venkatayogi, S. (2018). Hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes and integrated interpretation with water quality index studies. Environmental Processes, 5(2), 363–383. doi:10.1007/s40710-018-0297-4
   Google Scholar
• Adithya, V. S., Chidambaram, S., Thivya, C., Thilagavathi, R., Prasanna, M. V., Nepolian, M., & Ganesh, N. (2016). A study on the impact of weathering in groundwater chemistry of a hard rock aquifer.Arab. Journal of Geosciences, 9(2), 1–11. doi:10.1007/s12517-015-2073-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajin, R. S., Nandakumar, D., Rajaneesh, A., Oommen, T., Ali, Y. P., & Sajinkumar, K. S. (2022). The tale of three landslides in the Western Ghats, India: Lessons to be learnt. Geoenvironmental Disasters, 9(1), 1–8. doi:10.1186/s40677-022-00218-1
   Google Scholar
• Alobaidy, A. H. M. J., Abid, H. S., & Maulood, B. K. (2010). Application of water quality index for assessment of Dokan Lake ecosystem, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 02(9), 792–798. doi:10.4236/jwarp.2010.29093
   Google Scholar
• Ambili, V., & Narayana, A. C. (2022). River drainage response to tectonism: Evidence from the Chaliyar river basin, southwestern India. Journal of Earth System Science, 131(96). doi:10.1007/s12040-022-01847-8
   Google Scholar
• Anson, R., & Hawkins, A. (2002). Movement of the soper’s wood landslide on the Jurassic Fuller’s Earth, bath, England. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 61, 325–345. doi:10.1007/s10064-002-0151-8 4
   Google Scholar
• APHA. (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and Wastewater (21st ed.). Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• BIS.10500. (2012). Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification
   Google Scholar
• Boateng, T. K., Opoku, F., Acquaah, S. O., & Akoto, O. (2016). Groundwater quality assessment using statistical approach and water quality index in Ejisu-Juaben municipality, GhanaEnvironmental Earth Sciences, 75(6). 10.1007/s12665-015-5105-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogaard, T., Guglielmi, Y., Marc, V., Emblanch, C., Bertrand, C., & Mudry, J. (2007). Hydrogeochemistry in landslide research: A review. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 178(2), 113–126. doi:10.2113/gssgfbull.178.2.113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CGWB. (2021). Ground water year book of Kerala (2019-2020) (p. 171).
   Google Scholar
• Chadha, D. K. (1999). A proposed new diagram for geochemical classification of natural waters and interpretation of chemical data. Hydrogeology Journal, 7(5), 431–439. doi:10.1007/s100400050216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covington, A. K., Bates, R. G., & Durst, R. A. (1985). Definition of pH scales, standard reference values, measurement of pH and related terminology (recommendations 1984). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 57(3), 531–542. doi:10.1351/pac198557030531
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CWC. (2018). Kerala floods of August 2018. Central Water Commission New Delhi, 46.
   Google Scholar
• Doneen, L. D. (1964). Notes on water quality in agriculture. California, Oakland: Department Water Science and Engineering University.
   Google Scholar
• Egbueri, J. C., Mgbenu, C. N., & Chukwu, C. N. (2019). Investigating the hydrogeochemical processes and quality of water resources in Ojoto and environs using integrated classical methods. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 5(4), 1443–1461. doi:10.1007/s40808-019-00613-y.en.unesco.org
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geology and mineral resources of the states of India. 2005. Part IX – Kerala Geological Society of India, Miscellaneous Publication no.30.
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs, R. J. (1970). Mechanisms controlling world water chem. Science, 170(3962), 1088–1090. doi:10.1126/science.170.3962.1088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handa, B. K., (1969). Description and classification of media for hydrogeochemical investigations Symposium on Groundwater studies in arid and semiarid regions, Roorkee
   Google Scholar
• He, C., Liu, Z., Wu, J., Pan, X., Fang, Z., Li, J., & Bryan, B. A. (2021). Future global urban water scarcity and potential solutions. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1–12. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25026-3. https://pib.gov.in/. https://unece.org/sites/default/files/202112/SDG652_2021_2nd_Progress_Report_ENG_web.pdf., https://www.ecostat.kerala.gov.in/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaiswal, R. K., Mukherjee, S., Krishnamurthy, J., & Saxena, R. (2003). Role of remote sensing and GIS techniques for generation of groundwater prospect zones towards rural development - an approach. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(5), 993–1008. doi:10.1080/01431160210144543
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janardhana Raju, N., Shukla, U. K., & Ram, P. (2011). Hydrogeochemistry for the assessment of groundwater quality in Varanasi: A fast-urbanizing center in Uttar Pradesh, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 173, 279–300. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1387-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kambalimath, S., & Deka, P. C. (2020). A basic review of fuzzy logic applications in hydrology and water resources. Applied Water Science, 10(8), 1–14. doi:10.1007/s13201-020-01276-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, W. P. (1940). Permissible composition and concentration of irrigated waters. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 66, 607–613.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, W. P. (1963). Use of saline irrigation water. Soil Science Journal, 95(6), 355–391. doi:10.1097/00010694-196306000-00003
   Google Scholar
• Kumari, M., & Rai, S. C. (2020). Hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using water quality index in semi arid region of India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 95(2), 159–168. doi:10.1007/s12594-020-1405-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, P., Karunanidhi, D., Subramani, T., & Srinivasamoorthy, K. (2021). Sources and consequences of groundwater contamination. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 80(1), 1–10. doi:10.1007/s00244-020-00805-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindenmaier, F., Zehe, E., Dittfurth, A., & Ihringer, J. (2005). Process identification at a slow-moving landslide in the Vorarlberg Alps. Hydrological Processes, 19(8), 1635–1651. doi:10.1002/hyp.5592
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, P., Wu, J., & Qian, H. (2013). Assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes and identification of hydrogeochemical evolution mechanisms in Pengyang County, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 69, 2211–2225. doi:10.1007/s12665-012-2049-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martha, T. R., Roy, P., Khanna, K., Mrinalni, K., & Vinod Kumar, K. (2019). Landslides mapped using satellite data in the Western Ghats of India after excess rainfall during August 2018. Current Science, 117(5), 804–812. doi:10.18520/cs/v117/i5/804-812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGeorge, W. T. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 18(3), 348. doi:10.2136/sssaj1954.03615995001800030032x
   Google Scholar
• Meybeck, M. (1987). Global chemical weathering of surficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads. American Journal of Science, 287(5), 401–428. doi:10.2475/ajs.287.5.401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mir, A. A., Ahad, U., Inayatullah, M., Ali, U., & Ahmed, P. (2023). Evaluation of water quality status of Pohru watershed, Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 234(3), 154. doi:10.1007/s11270-023-06169-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra, V., & Shah, H. L. (2018). Hydroclimatological perspective of the Kerala flood of 2018. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 92(5), 645–650. doi:10.1007/s12594-018-1079-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil, V. T., & Patil, P. R. (2010). Physicochemical analysis of selected groundwater samples of amalner town in Jalgaon district, Maharashtra, India. Journal of Chemistry, 7(1), 111–116. doi:10.1155/2010/8207796
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piper, A. M. (1953). A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis. Washington, DC: United States Geo Sur.
   Google Scholar
• Raj, V. T., Gayathri, J. A., Vandana, M., Sreelash, K., Maya, K., Padmalal, D., & Sajan, K. (2023). Rock – water interaction, chemical weathering and solute transport of two rivers draining contrasting climate gradients in Western Ghats, India. Earth Surf Process Landf, 48(2), 1–21. doi:10.1002/esp.5598
   Google Scholar
• Raju, N. J. (2007). Hydrogeochemical parameters for assessment of groundwater quality in the upper Gunjanaeru River basin, Cuddapah district, Andhra Pradesh, South India. Environmental Geology, 52, 1067–1074. doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0546-0
   Google Scholar
• Raza, M., Farooqi, A., Niazi, N. K., & Ahmad, A. (2016). Geochemical control on spatial variability of fluoride concentrations in groundwater from rural areas of Gujrat in Punjab, PakistanEnvironmental Earth Sciences, 7575(20). 10.1007/s12665-016-6155-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribinu, S. K., Prakash, P., Khan, A. F., Bhaskar, N. P., & Arunkumar, K. S. (2023). Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in Thoothapuzha River Basin, Kerala, South India. Total Environment Research Themes, 5, 100021. doi:10.1016/j.totert.2022.100021
   Google Scholar
• Schoeller, H., (1967). Qualitative evaluation of groundwater resources. In methods and technics of groundwater investigation and development (pp. 44–52). Water Res. Series No. 33, Paris: UNESCO
   Google Scholar
• Senthilkumar, M., & Elango, L. (2013). Geochemical processes controlling the groundwater quality in lower Palar river basin, southern India. Journal of Earth System Science, 122(2), 419–432. doi:10.1007/s12040-013-0284-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaji, E., Bindu, V., Thambi, J., & S, D. (2007). High fluoride in groundwater of Palghat district, Kerala. Current Science, 92, 240–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaji, E., Nayagam, S. P., Kunhambu, V., & Thampi, D. S. (2009). Change_in_groundwater_scenario_in_kerala. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 67–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, D. A., Rishi, M. S., & Keesari, T. (2017). Evaluation of groundwater quality and suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in southwest Punjab, India using hydrochemical approach. Applied Water Science, 7, 3137–3150. doi:10.1007/s13201-016-0456-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soman, K. (2002). Geology of Kerala. Bangalore: Geological Society of India.
   Google Scholar
• State wise report of the first census of water bodies. (2023). Vol. 2. https://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in/document/state-wise-report-of-first-census-of-water-bodies-volume-2/.
   Google Scholar
• Szabolcs, I., & Darab, C., (1964). The influence of irrigation water of high sodium carbonate content of soils. In I. Szabolics (Ed.), Proceedings of 8th International Congress Soil Sci. Sodics Soils, Research Institute for Soil Sci. & Agricultural Chem. of the Hungarian Academy of Sci. (pp. 802–812), ISSS Trans II, Tsukuba, Japan
   Google Scholar
• Tatawat, R. K., & Chandel, C. P. S. (2008). Quality of ground water of jaipur-city, Rajasthan, (India) and its suitability for domestic and irrigation purpose. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 6(2), 79–88. doi:10.15666/aeer/0602_079088
   Google Scholar
• Thakur, T., Rishi, M. S., Naik, P. K., & Sharma, P. (2016). Elucidating hydrochemical properties of groundwater for drinking and agriculture in parts of Punjab, IndiaEnvironmental Earth Sciences, 7575(6). 10.1007/s12665-016-5306-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd, D. K. (1980). Groundwater Hy (pp. 280–281). New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Todd, D. K., (2001). Groundwater Hy. 280–281.
   Google Scholar
• UN. 2023. World Water Development Report
   Google Scholar
• USSL Salinity Lab. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. US Dept. Agri. Handbook, No. 60, 160 p.
   Google Scholar
• Vasu, D., Singh, S. K., Tiwary, P., Sahu, N., Ray, S. K., Butte, P., & Duraisami, V. P. (2017). Influence of geochemical processes on hydrochemistry and irrigation suitability of groundwater in part of semi-arid Deccan Plateau, India. Applied Water Science, 7(7), 3803–3815. doi:10.1007/s13201-017-0528-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinnarasi, F., Srinivasamoorthy, K., Saravanan, K., Gopinath, S., Prakash, R., Ponnumani, G., & Babu, C. (2020). Rare earth elements geochemistry of groundwater from Shanmuganadhi, Tamilnadu, India: Chemical weathering implications using geochemical mass-balance calculations. Chemie der Erde - Geochem, 80(4), 4) 125668. doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125668
   Google Scholar
• Water bodies. (2023). First census report, vol 1. https://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2004). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (3rd ed.). Geneva, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (2011). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (4th ed.). Geneva, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• Wilcox, L. V. (1948). The quality of water for irrigation use. U.S. Dept. Agri. Tech Bull 962. Washingtonpp. 1–40.
   Google Scholar
• Wilcox, L. V. (1955). Classification and use of irrigation waters (p. 969). Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. Agri. Circ.
   Google Scholar
• Yellappa, T., & Rao, J. M. (2018). Geochemical characteristics of proterozoic granite magmatism from southern granulite terrain, India: Implications for Gondwana. Journal of Earth System Science, 127(2), 127 22. doi:10.1007/s12040-018-0923-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, B., Song, X., Zhang, Y., Han, D., Tang, C., Yu, Y., & Ma, Y. (2012). Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment of surface water and groundwater in Songnen plain, Northeast China. Water Research, 46(8), 2737–2748. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar