78
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special Issue: Moral Psychology in Media

The Influence of Crucibles of Experience in Moral Development & Psychology of Public Relations Exemplars

Pages 190-205 | Received 05 Dec 2023, Accepted 14 May 2024, Published online: 16 Jun 2024

References

  • 30 years of leadership and legacy. (2019). PRSA college of fellows. https://www.prsa.org/docs/default-source/about/get-involved/college-of-fellows/history-of-the-college-of-fellows-30th-anniversary-december-2019.pdf?sfvrsn=6025fa50_0
  • Aristotle. (1999). Nicomachean ethics. Hackett Publishing Company, Incorporated. ProQuest Ebook Central.
  • Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2009). The HEXACO-60: A short measure of the major dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(4), 340–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890902935878
  • Baehr, J. (2021). Deep in thought: A practical guide to teaching for intellectual virtues. Harvard Education Publishing Group.
  • Baker, S. (2008). The model of the principled advocate and the pathological partisan: A virtue ethics construct of opposing archetypes of public relations and advertising practitioners. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 23(3), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/08900520802222050
  • Bennis, W. G., & Thomas, R. J. (2002). Geeks and geezers: How era, values, and defining moments shape leaders. Harvard Business School Publishing.
  • Bennis, W. G., & Thomas, R. J. (2006). Crucibles. Leadership Excellence, 23(7), 15.
  • Berger, B. K., & Erzikova, E. (2019). Self-Reflection in public relations leaders: A study of its practice and value in Russia and North America. Public Relations Journal, 13(1), 1–22.
  • Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality. Doubleday.
  • Berger, B. K., & Meng, J. (Eds.). (2014). Public relations leaders as sensemakers: A global study of leadership in public relations and communication management. Routledge.
  • Bivins, T. H. (2006). Responsibility and accountability. In K. Fitzpatrick & C. Bronstein (Eds.), Ethics in public relations: Responsible advocacy (pp. 19–38). Sage.
  • Borden, S. L. (2019). Virtue ethics & media. In P. L. Plaisance (Ed.), Communication and media ethics (pp. 171–190). Walter de Gruyter.
  • Butterfield, K. D., Treviño, L. K., & Weaver, G. R. (2000). Moral awareness in business organizations: Influences of issue-related and social context factors. Human Relations, 53(7), 981–1018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700537004
  • Buzzanell, P. M. (2010). Resilience: Talking, resisting and imagining new normalcies into being. Journal of Communication, 60(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01469.x
  • Byrne, A., Crossan, M., & Seijts, G. (2018). The development of leader character through crucible moments. Journal of Management Education, 42(2), 265–293. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562917717292
  • Cialdini, R. B., & Trost, M. R. (1998). Social influence, social norms, conformity, and compliance. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 151–192). Oxford University Press.
  • Colby, A., & Damon, W. (1992). Some do care: Contemporary lives of moral commitment. Free Press.
  • Coleman, R., & Wilkins, L. (2009). The moral development of public relations practitioners: A comparison with other professions and influences on high quality ethical reasoning. Journal of Public Relations Research, 21(3), 318–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/10627260802520462
  • Craig, D. A., & Yetter, C. (2023). Virtual virtue? Opportunities and challenges in explicating intellectual virtues through journalistic exemplars in the digital network. Journal of Media Ethics, 38(4), 224–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2023.2265337
  • Cunningham, S. B. (1999). Getting it right: Aristotle’s “Golden Mean” as theory deterioration. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 14, 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327728JM140101
  • Fisher, B., & Tronto, J. (1990). Toward a feminist theory of caring. In E. Abel & M. Nelson (Eds.), Circles of care: Work and identity in women’s lives (pp. 35–62). State University of New York Press.
  • Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Stanford University Press.
  • Gilligan, C. (1987). Moral orientation and moral development. In E. Kittay & D. Meyers (Eds.), Women and moral theory (pp. 19–33). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S., Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. (2013). Moral foundations theory: The pragmatic validity of moral pluralism. In P. Devine & A. Plant (Eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 47, pp. 55–130). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00002-4
  • Hursthouse, R. (1999). On virtue ethics. Oxford University Press.
  • Isocrates. (1980). Isocrates with an English Translation in three volumes, by George Norlin, Ph.D. LL.D. Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd.
  • Kelman, H. C. (1961). Processes of opinion change. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 25(1), 57–78. https://doi.org/10.1086/266996
  • Kohlberg, L. (1969). Stage and sequence: The cognitive-development approach to socialization. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 347–480). Rand McNally.
  • Kohlberg, L., & Hersh, R. H. (1977). Moral development: A review of the theory. Theory into Practice, 16(2), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405847709542675
  • Macnamara, J. (2016). Organizational listening: Addressing a major gap in public relations theory and practice. Journal of Public Relations Research, 28(3–4), 146–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2016.1228064
  • McAdams, D. P. (2008). The life story interview. The Foley Center for the Study of Lives, Northwestern University. https://www.sesp.northwestern.edu/foley/instruments/interview/
  • McAdams, D. P., Hoffman, B. J., Mansfield, E. D., & Day, R. (1996). Themes of agency and communion ln significant autobiographical scenes. Journal of Personality, 64(2), 339–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00514.x
  • Meng, J., & Berger, B. (2013). An integrated model of excellent leadership in public relations: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Journal of Public Relations Research, 25(2), 141–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2013.758583
  • Meng, J., Berger, B., Gower, K., & Heyman, W. (2012). A test of excellent leadership in public relations: Key qualities, valuable sources, and distinctive leadership perceptions. Journal of Public Relations Research, 24(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2012.626132
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Sage.
  • Moberg, D. J. (2000). Role models and moral exemplars: How do employees acquire virtues by observing others? Business Ethics Quarterly, 10(3), 675–696. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857898
  • Nagel, T. (2012). Mortal questions. Cambridge University Press, ProQuest Ebook Central.
  • Neill, M. S. (2021). Public relations professionals identify ethical issues, essential competencies & deficiencies. Journal of Media Ethics, 36(1), 51–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2020.1846539
  • Neill, M. S., & Meng, J. (2023). Examining the characteristics and virtues associated with servant leadership in public relations. Public Relations Inquiry, 12(2), 183–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X231165225
  • Northouse, P. G. (2018). Leadership: Theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage.
  • Pellegrino, E. D. (1995). Toward a virtue-based normative ethics for the health professions. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 5(3), 252–277. https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.0.0044
  • Piaget, J. (1997). The moral judgment of the child. ( M. Gabain Trans.). Free Press Paperbacks.
  • Place, K. R. (2019). Moral dilemmas, trials, and gray areas: Exploring on-the-job moral development of public relations professionals. Public Relations Review, 45(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.12.005
  • Plaisance, P. L. (2015). Virtue in media: The moral psychology of excellence in news and public relations. Routledge.
  • Plaisance, P., Neill, M. S., & Chen, J. (2023). Moral orientations and traits of public relations exemplars. Journal of Public Relations Research, 36(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2023.2250034
  • Pojman, L. P. (2005). How should we live? An introduction to ethics. ThomsonWadsworth.
  • Pompper, D., & Adams, J. (2006). Under the microscope: Gender and mentor-protégé relationships. Public Relations Review, 32(3), 309–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.05.019
  • PRSA College of Fellows. (n.d.) https://www.prsa.org/home/get-involved/college-of-fellows
  • PRSA College of Fellows Values. (n.d.) https://www.prsa.org/docs/default-source/about/get-involved/college-of-fellows/college-of-fellows-values.pdf?sfvrsn=f4af96b0_0
  • Rest, J. R. (1986). Moral development: Advances in research and theory. Praeger Publishers.
  • Rest, J. R., Carroll, J., Lawrence, J., Jacobs, K., McColgan, E., Davison, M., & Robbins, S. (1977). Development in judging moral issues: A summary of research using the defining issues test. In Minnesota Moral Research Projects, Technical Report. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota
  • Rest, J. R., Narvaez, D., Bebeau, M. J., & Thoma, S. J. (1999). Postconventional moral thinking: A neo-Kohlbergian. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Rest, J., Turiel, E., & Kohlberg, L. (1969). Level of moral development as a determinant of preference and comprehension of moral judgments made by others. Journal of Personality, 37(2), 225–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1969.tb01742.x
  • Schauster, E., Neill, M. S., Ferrucci, P., & Tandoc, E. (2020). Public relations primed: An update on practitioners’ moral reasoning, from moral development to moral maintenance. Journal of Media Ethics, 35(3), 164–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2020.1779595
  • Schauster, E., & Plaisance, P. (2021). The moral psychology and exemplarism of leaders in advertising. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 15(4), 375–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2021.1958333
  • Szutta, N. (2019). Exemplarist moral theory – some pros and cons. Journal of Moral Education, 48(3), 280–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2019.1589435
  • Thomas, R. J. (2009). The leadership lessons of crucible experiences. Journal of Business Strategy, 30(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/02756660910926939
  • Tompkins, P. S. (2009). Rhetorical listening and moral sensitivity. International Journal of Listening, 23(1), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904010802591912
  • Vardeman, C., & Schauster, E. (2021). Familial experiences of exemplars in marketing communication. Journal of Media Ethics, 36(4), 202–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2021.1964967
  • Walker, A. D. M. (1979). Aristotle’s account of friendship in the “Nicomachean Ethics. Phronesis, 24(2), 180–196. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4182066
  • Ward, K. (2018). Toward a Christian virtue account of moral luck. Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics, 38(1), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.1353/sce.2018.0008
  • Watson, L., & Wilson, A. T. (2019). Review essay – Exemplarist moral theory. Journal of Moral Philosophy, 16(6), 755–768. https://doi.org/10.1163/17455243-01606003
  • Zagzebski, L. T. (2017). Exemplarist moral theory. Oxford University Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.