References
- McKeigue PM, Weir A, Bishop J, et al. Rapid epidemiological analysis of comorbidities and treatments as risk factors for COVID-19 in Scotland (REACT-SCOT): a population-based case-control study. PLoS Med. 2020;17(10):e1003374.
- Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature. 2020;584(7821):430–436.
- Harrison SL, Fazio-Eynullayeva E, Lane DA, et al. Comorbidities associated with mortality in 31,461 adults with COVID-19 in the United States: a federated electronic medical record analysis. PLoS Med. 2020;17(9):e1003321.
- Karagiannidis C, Mostert C, Hentschker C, et al. Case characteristics, resource use, and outcomes of 10 021 patients with COVID-19 admitted to 920 German hospitals: an observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(9):853–862.
- Knight SR, Ho A, Pius R, et al. Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol: development and validation of the 4C mortality score. BMJ. 2020;370:m3339.
- Clift AK, Coupland CA, Keogh RH, et al. Living risk prediction algorithm (QCOVID) for risk of hospital admission and mortality from coronavirus 19 in adults: national derivation and validation cohort study. BMJ. 2020;371(8265):m3731.
- Barron E, Bakhai C, Kar P, et al. Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19-related mortality in England: a whole-population study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(10):813–822.
- Bhaskaran K, Rentsch CT, MacKenna B, et al. HIV infection and COVID-19 death: a population-based cohort analysis of UK primary care data and linked national death registrations within the OpenSAFELY platform. Lancet HIV. 2021;8(1):e24–e32.
- Villar J, Ariff S, Gunier RB, et al. Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality among pregnant women with and without COVID-19 infection. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(8):817–826.
- Treskova-Schwarzbach M, Haas L, Reda S, et al. Pre-existing health conditions and severe COVID-19 outcomes: umbrella review and meta-analysis of global evidence. BMC Med. 2021;19: 212.
- Stausberg J, Hagn S. New morbidity and comorbidity scores based on the structure of the ICD-10. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0143365.
- Schröder H, Brückner G, Schüssel K, et al. 2020. Monitor: Vorerkrankungen mit erhöhtem Risiko für schwere COVID-19-Verläufe. WIdOmonitor. https://www.wido.de/news-events/aktuelles/2020/monitor-covid-19/.
- McKeigue P. Quantifying performance of a diagnostic test as the expected information for discrimination: relation to the C-statistic. Stat Methods Med Res. 2019;28(6):1841–1851.