Pneumonia, gastrointestinal symptoms, comorbidities, and coinfections as factors related to a lengthier hospital stay in children with COVID-19—analysis of a paediatric part of Polish register SARSTer

References

• Murillo-Zamora E, Aguilar-Sollano F, Delgado-Enciso I, et al. Predictors of laboratory-positive COVID-19 in children and teenagers. Public Health. 2020;189:153–157. Dec
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladhani SN, Amin-Chowdhury Z, Davies HG, et al. COVID-19 in children: analysis of the first pandemic peak in England. Arch Dis Child. 2020;105(12):1180–1185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castagnoli R, Votto M, Licari A, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(9):882–889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira MFB, Litvinov N, Farhat SCL, et al. Severe clinical spectrum with high mortality in pediatric patients with COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Clinics. 2020;75:e2209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Salido A, de Carlos Vicente JC, Belda Hofheinz S, et al. Severe manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents: from COVID-19 pneumonia to multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a multicentre study in pediatric intensive care units in Spain. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mania A, Mazur-Melewska K, Lubarski K, et al. Wide spectrum of clinical picture of COVID-19 in children – from mild to severe disease. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(3):374–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrelli M, Corcione A, Castellano F, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in children. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:668484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathan N, Prevost B, Sileo C, et al. The wide spectrum of COVID-19 clinical presentation in children. JCM. 2020;9(9):2950.
   Google Scholar
• Mitsuyama K, Tsuruta K, Takedatsu H, et al. Clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms of gastrointestinal injury in COVID-19. JCM. 2020;9(11):3630.
   Google Scholar
• gov.pl. Koronawirus: informacje i zalecenia. Raport zakażeń koronawirusem (SARS-CoV-2). [cited 2021 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.gov.pl/web/koronawirus/wykaz-zarazen-koronawirusem-sars-cov-2
   Google Scholar
• Jackowska T, Wrotek A, Jankowski M, et al. Significant COVID-19 burden in polish children. Arch Med Sci. 2020 [cited 2021 Jul 29]. Available from: https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/Significant-COVID-19-burden-in-Polish-children,125661,0,2.html
   Google Scholar
• Mehta NS, Mytton OT, Mullins EWS, et al. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): what do we know about children? A systematic review. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(9):2469–2479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badal S, Thapa Bajgain K, Badal S, et al. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Virol. 2021;135:104715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China. Pediatrics. 2020;145(6):e20200702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oualha M, Bendavid M, Berteloot L, et al. Severe and fatal forms of COVID-19 in children. Arch Pediatr. 2020;27(5):235–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ejaz H, Alsrhani A, Zafar A, et al. COVID-19 and comorbidities: deleterious impact on infected patients. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(12):1833–1839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andina D, Belloni‐Fortina A, Bodemer C, et al. Skin manifestations of COVID-19 in children: part 1. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021;46(3):444–450.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henry BM, Benoit SW, de Oliveira MHS, et al. Laboratory abnormalities in children with mild and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis and review. Clin Biochem. 2020;81:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui X, Zhao Z, Zhang T, et al. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). J Med Virol. 2021;93(2):1057–1069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Vidal C, Sanjuan G, Moreno-García E, et al. Incidence of co-infections and superinfections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(1):83–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lansbury L, Lim B, Baskaran V, et al. Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(2):266–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okarska-Napierała M, Ludwikowska K, Szenborn L, et al. Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) did occur in Poland during months with low COVID-19 prevalence, preliminary results of a nationwide register. JCM. 2020;9(11):3386.
   Google Scholar
• Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of covid-19 — final report. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(19):1813–1826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figlerowicz M, Mania A, Lubarski K, et al. First case of convalescent plasma transfusion in a child with COVID-19-associated severe aplastic anemia. Transfus Apher Sci. 2020;59(5):102866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Małecki P, Faltin K, Mania A, et al. Effects and safety of convalescent plasma administration in a group of polish pediatric patients with COVID-19: a case series. Life. 2021;11(3):247.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marczyńska M, Pokorska-Śpiewak M, Talarek E, et al. Management of a child with Covid-19. Przegląd Pediatr. 2020;49:7.
   Google Scholar
• Echeverría-Esnal D, Martin-Ontiyuelo C, Navarrete-Rouco ME, et al. Azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19: a review. Expert Rev anti Infect Ther. 2021;19(2):147–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawson TM, Moore LSP, Zhu N, et al. Bacterial and fungal coinfection in individuals with coronavirus: a rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:2459–2468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pathak EB, Salemi JL, Sobers N, et al. COVID-19 in children in the United States: intensive care admissions, estimated total infected, and projected numbers of severe pediatric cases in 2020. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2020;26(4):325–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar