Transient sensor errors and their impact on fixed-bed regenerator (FBR) testing standards

References

• Abdel-Salam, M. R. H., M. Fauchoux, G. Ge, R. W. Besant, and C. J. Simonson. 2014. Expected energy and economic benefits, and environmental impacts for liquid-to-air membrane energy exchangers (LAMEEs) in HVAC systems: A review. Applied Energy 127:202–18. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abe, O. O., R. W. Besant, C. J. Simonson, and W. Shang. 2006. Relationship between energy wheel speed and effectiveness and its transient response, Part I: Mathematical development of the characteristic time constants and their relationship with effectiveness. In: ASHRAE Trans., 103–15.
   Google Scholar
• Aristov, Y. A., I. V. Mezentsev, and V. A. Mukhin. 2006. A new approach to heat and moisture regeneration in the ventilation system of rooms. I. Laboratory prototype of the regenerator. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 79 (3):569–76.
   Google Scholar
• ASHRAE. 2019. BSR/ASHRAE Standard 84-2013R, Method of Testing Air-to-Air Heat/Energy Exchangers (First Public Review Draft). Atlanta: ASHRAE.
   Google Scholar
• Bahnke, G. D., and C. P. Howard. 1964. The effect of longitudinal heat conduction on periodic-flow heat exchanger performance. Journal of Engineering for Power 86 (2):105–17.
   Google Scholar
• Bergman, T. L., A. S. Lavine, F. P. Incropera, and D. P. Dewitt. 2011. Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer. 7th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Borodulin, V. Y., and M. I. Nizovtsev. 2018. A criterial analysis of the effectiveness of air-to-air heat exchangers with a periodic change of airflow direction. Applied Thermal Engineering 130:1246–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buyukalaca, O., and T. Yilmaz. 2002. Influence of rotational speed on effectiveness of rotary-type heat exchanger. Heat and Mass Transfer 38:441–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerrah, E., C. McCague, and M. Bahrami. 2020. Sorbent based enthalpy recovery ventilator. Energy and Buildings 211:109755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, C. C., C. H. Lai, C. M. Yang, Y. C. Chiang, and S. L. Chen. 2013. Thermal performance enhancement of a periodic total heat exchanger using energy-storage material. Energy and Buildings 67:579–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, C. C., J. De Liang, and S. L. Chen. 2018. Performance investigation of regenerative total heat exchanger with periodic flow. Applied Thermal Engineering 130:1319–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, C. C., S. L. Chen, T. Y. Lin, and Y. C. Chiang. 2017. Experimental and theoretical investigation of regenerative total heat exchanger with periodic flow for air-conditioning systems. International Journal of Refrigeration 81:123–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, C. C., W. J. Luo, C. W. Lu, Y. S. Cheng, B. Y. Tsai, and Z. H. Lin. 2017. Effects of process air conditions and switching cycle period on dehumidification performance of desiccant-coated heat exchangers. Science and Technology for the Built Environment 23 (1):81–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CSA Group. 2018. CSA C439 Laboratory methods of test for rating the performance of heat/energy-recovery. Toronto: CSA Group.
   Google Scholar
• El-Dessouky, H., H. Ettouney, and A. Al-Zeefari. 2004. Performance analysis of two-stage evaporative coolers. Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal 102:255–66. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2004.01.036.
   Google Scholar
• Figliola, R. S., and D. E. Beasley. 2010. Theory and design for mechanical measurements. 5th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Han, H., and Y. Il Kwon. 2006. Inhaling/exhaling heat recovery ventilator using the concept of alternating-current ventilation. HVAC&R Research 12:843–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashemian, H. 2011. Measurement of dynamic temperatures and pressures in nuclear power plants. Western University. http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/189/.
   Google Scholar
• Justo Alonso, M., P. Liu, H. M. Mathisen, G. Ge, and C. Simonson. 2015. Review of heat/energy recovery exchangers for use in ZEBs in cold climate countries. Building and Environment 84:228–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan, E. N., H. Ramin, M. Shakouri, L. D. Wilson, and C. J. Simonson. 2020. Development of a small-scale test facility for effectiveness evaluation of fixed-bed regenerators. Applied Thermal Engineering 174:115263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan, E., H. Ramin, and C. J. Simonson. 2019. Performance testing of fixed-bed regenerators for HVAC applications. In The Second Pacific Rim Therm. Eng. Conf., Hawaii, 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Mofidi, F., and H. Akbari. 2017. Personalized energy costs and productivity optimization in offices. Energy and Buildings 143:173–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nizovtsev, M. I., V. Y. Borodulin, and V. N. Letushko. 2017. Influence of condensation on the efficiency of regenerative heat exchanger for ventilation. Applied Thermal Engineering 111:997–1007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nizovtsev, M. I., V. Y. Borodulin, V. N. Letushko, and A. A. Zakharov. 2016. Analysis of the efficiency of air-to-air heat exchanger with a periodic change in the flow direction. Applied Thermal Engineering 93:113–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Lombard, L.,. J. Ortiz, and C. Pout. 2008. A review on buildings energy consumption information. Energy and Buildings 40 (3):394–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramin, H., E. N. Krishnan, A. Gurubalan, W. O. Alabi, and J. Carey. n.d. A transient numerical model for sensible fixed-bed regenerator in HVAC applications. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.
   Google Scholar
• Ramin, H., E. N. Krishnan, and C. J. Simonson. 2019. Fixed bed regenerators for HVAC applications. Proceedings 23 (1):4–6.
   Google Scholar
• Ramin, H., E. N. Krishnan, G. Annadurai, and C. J. Simonson. 2020. Transient performance of fixed-bed regenerators for energy recovery in building applications. In Proc. ASME 2020 Heat Transf. Summer Conf. HT2020, ASME, Orlando, Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Ramin, H., E. N. Krishnan, W. Alabi, and C. J. Simonson. 2020. Temperature measurement correction for the determination of the effectiveness of fixed-bed regenerators (FBRs) for HVAC applications. In 2020 ASHRAE Annu. Summer Conf., ASHRAE, Austin.
   Google Scholar
• Ramin, H., P. Hanafizadeh, T. Ehterami, and M. A. AkhavanBehabadi. 2019. Life cycle-based multi-objective optimization of wall structures in the climate of Tehran. Advances in Building Energy Research 13 (1):18–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezaie, B., E. Esmailzadeh, and I. Dincer. 2011. Renewable energy options for buildings: Case studies. Energy and Buildings 43 (1):56–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roulet, C. A., F. D. Heidt, F. Foradini, and M. C. Pibiri. 2001. Real heat recovery with air handling units. Energy and Buildings 33 (5):495–502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeed, A., and A. Al-Alili. 2017. A review on desiccant coated heat exchangers. Science and Technology for the Built Environment 23 (1):136–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo, J., D. Lee, and D. Kim. 2018. A simple effectiveness model for heat wheels. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 120:1358–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, R. K., and D. P. Sekulic. 2003. Fundamentals of heat exchanger design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, R. K., and D. P. Sekulic. 2004. Fundamentals of heat exchanger design. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Tempeff. 2019. Heat Recovery System | Heat Recovery Ventilator | ERV | Energy Recovery. https://www.tempeffnorthamerica.com/.
   Google Scholar
• Versteeg, H., and W. Malalasekera. 2007. An introduction to computational fluid dynamics, the finite volume method. London: Pearson Education Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, S., J. Tang, and F. Younce. 2003. Temperature measurement in food processing. In Encyclopaedia of agricultural and food engineering, ed. D. R. Heldma, 987–993. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
   Google Scholar